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政治 · 住房权利

塞古罗听取了葡萄牙住房抗议者的诉求。政府会听吗?

近三小时的会见让住房运动人士得以接触葡萄牙总统,但政府会谈以及阻止租赁法修改的承诺均未获确认。

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原语言视频

译自英文原文。

在葡萄牙总统府被倾听,能让租户离参与制定影响他们的住房决策更近一步吗?2026年11月13日,25名住房运动人士获得了近三个小时与总统安东尼奥·何塞·塞古罗会面的时间。他们离开时得到了认可,也提出请求,希望他帮忙打开另一扇门:与总理路易斯·蒙特内格罗会面的门。政府会面以及总统承诺阻止拟议中的租赁法修改,均未获确认。⁠1⁠10

这正是贝伦宫会见的核心区别。各运动争取到的是接触总统府的机会,而不是住房政策上的让步。随着“为生活而有家”宣布将在11月14日举行32场抗议活动,他们眼下的挑战是把这种接触转化为对租赁立法和2027年国家预算的影响力。⁠12⁠37

塞古罗接见了波尔图露营抗议者的9名代表、里斯本方面的9名代表,以及“为生活而有家”的7名代表。除露营抗议者的工作组成员外,代表团还包括专业人士,如建筑师贝尔纳多·阿马拉尔和若阿娜·莫雷拉,以及社会工作者安东尼奥·布里托·古特雷斯。原定持续一个半小时的会见最终接近三小时。⁠1⁠10

总统府的官方记录确认,代表们陈述了关切并提出了建议,但没有宣布达成调停会谈或否决立法的协议。有关塞古罗私下回应的描述来自与会者——这有助于了解会面情况,但不等同于总统府正式公布的承诺。⁠61

里斯本代表莱维·加莱奥称,代表团请求塞古罗斡旋安排与总理会面。“为生活而有家”发言人安德烈·埃斯科瓦尔将此次接待称为向政府和议会发出的“政治信号”,并指责蒙特内格罗回避各运动,敦促他效仿总统。埃斯科瓦尔还要求在2027年预算中纳入住房措施。⁠1⁠12

据埃斯科瓦尔向卢萨通讯社所述,截至11月14日上午,政府及执政的社民党(PSD)仍未回应该平台的会面请求。“为生活而有家”当周已与左翼集团、自由党和葡萄牙共产党会面;与泛自然党和社会党的会面则计划安排在下周。这些接触扩大了该组织的政治沟通范围,但并未实现与行政部门的接触。⁠37

波尔图代表克里斯蒂娜·莱亚尔称,会见增强了各运动的力量。她描述塞古罗在听取有关困境和警察暴力的讲述后深受触动,并转述称,塞古罗保证即便电视不再报道此事,他也不会放下这一议题。然而,里斯本发言人卢·卢松告诉《经济报》,他们原本希望得到关于租赁法更明确的答复。⁠1⁠12⁠10

他没有告诉我们他会做什么或不会做什么。

卢·卢松对《经济报》说 10

这两种评价可以同时成立。对要求获得认可的人来说,一场漫长而充满同情的会见很重要。但它并没有告诉租户下一份合同将适用什么规则。

租户要的是改变,不只是被倾听

政府提出的城市租赁制度修改方案已在议会初步表决中获得通过,投赞成票的有社民党、自由倡议党和人民党(CDS),新党弃权。方案的方向是让合同更灵活、驱逐更迅速。初步通过并不意味着立法完成:最终文本、立法程序的完成情况以及总统是否作出决定,在此均未得到确认。⁠37

里斯本方面在信中请求塞古罗出面斡旋,让政府接见露营抗议者,并在批准租赁法令前听取租户意见。信中还要求,在总统决定是否签署该措施之前,听取租户和居民的意见;考虑行使否决权;并公布国有住房清单。公布清单的请求事关公众监督政府资产,并不能证明已有住房被确定可立即投入使用。⁠2

波尔图方面提出了通过集会制定的九项建议。建议包括撤销租赁法框架;禁止在未提供替代住所的情况下驱逐居民和拆除建筑;限制房地产基金购房;增加租金受补贴的公共住房;以及由国家翻修空置建筑。⁠11

其余建议包括设定租金上限、鼓励出租空置住房、取消与房地产投机相关的税收优惠,以及禁止和撤销拟作住房用途房产的短期旅游住宿许可证。埃斯科瓦尔的立场不止于反对尚待审议的修改:他还希望废除现行城市租赁法。⁠11⁠3

各运动援引宪法规定的住房权,并希望塞古罗考虑行使否决权,或在立法推进时要求宪法法院进行预防性审查。这些是要求总统动用权力,并不意味着其中任何一项权力已被行使。政治分歧相当明显:抗议者要求加强对租金和驱离的限制,而该提案则朝着提高合同灵活性的方向推进。⁠11⁠37

总统府之外的压力

官方统计数据有助于说明形势为何紧迫,不过数据反映的是较早时期,并非11月的挂牌租金。2025年,葡萄牙共签订149,628份新的家庭住房租赁合同,租金中位数达到每平方米€9.29,较前一年上涨9.7%。新合同数量增加了5.4%。⁠49

€9.46/m²2026年第一季度全国新租约租金中位数 50
+9.1%全国租金中位数同比涨幅 50
€17.42/m²同期里斯本市租金中位数 50

2026年第一季度,租金涨幅较前一季度7.9%的同比增速加快,而新合同数量仅增加0.7%。所有次区域以及人口超过100,000的全部24个市镇,新租约租金中位数均有所上涨。在这些市镇中,里斯本的中位数最高;维拉诺瓦-德法马利康的同比涨幅最大,达到15.1%。⁠50

这些数据衡量的是新签租约的租金,并非所有现有租户支付的租金,也不反映家庭将收入中的多少用于住房。它们表明市场普遍承压,但不能说明拟议法律中的某项具体条款会产生什么影响。

2025年,建筑活动增加也未能与价格下降同时出现。全国住宅成交价格中位数上涨16.8%,达到每平方米€2,076。估计有30,425套住宅竣工,增加8.7%;获批建设许可的住宅有48,844套,增加14.6%,为2011年以来年度许可总数最高。竣工住宅不一定是公共住房,获准建设也不等于住宅已经建成。⁠49

还有一场关于警务的会见

代表团还提出了有关抗议者遭遇的诉求。露营抗议活动于10月10日在波尔图开始,随后蔓延至里斯本。警方采取行动驱散抗议者并拆除帐篷,导致数十人被捕或受伤;检察官正在调查两座城市的相关行动。⁠1⁠2

波尔图方面在信中要求解职内政部长路易斯·内维斯,查明警方指挥链,保存警员随身摄像头录像,展开独立的公开调查,并归还据称被扣押的财物。信中还要求对部长启动刑事诉讼——这是运动提出的诉求,并非指控或责任认定。波尔图代表玛丽亚·若昂·卡利斯托称,塞古罗正在等待已着手开展的调查报告。⁠11⁠1

加莱奥还提到,政府成员据称威胁要报复参与抗议活动的移民。他转述称,塞古罗表示会在自己的能力范围内采取行动。这一据报作出的安抚表态并未具体说明任何保护措施,而相关指称仍须表述为指称。⁠1

下一个公开检验将是11月14日的动员活动。ECO上午报道的计划抗议活动有32场,更新了早前约30个城市的说法。大陆和岛屿各地都安排了活动,包括里斯本、波尔图、科英布拉、布拉加、法鲁、丰沙尔、英雄港、奥尔塔和蓬塔德尔加达。这是一份活动安排,并非全国参与人数统计,也不代表活动已经举行。⁠3⁠37

教育工会S.TO.P.号召会员14:30前往里斯本阿拉梅达,在旧帝国电影院外集合——这是该工会自己的集合时间,并非全体游行队伍统一的出发时间。工会的呼吁将住房问题与教师被派往远离家乡的地方、不得不承担两项住房开支联系起来,也提到低薪辅助人员难以负担租金,以及学校在吸引和留住员工方面面临的困难。⁠43

总统府的会见让这些诉求得以呈交总统。如今能否带来改变,还取决于其他方面的决定:政府会谈、租赁立法、预算以及警务调查。进展的衡量标准不再是塞古罗听了多久,而是各机构将如何处理他们听到的诉求。

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在此处引用的来源中,Observador最先发布,比本报道播出早3天。 随后还有16家媒体发布。

12篇早期文章作为背景资料参阅。12家媒体未注明日期:Statistics Portugalpresidencia.ptDadosGov.ptexpresso.ptRádio Comercialsicnoticias.pt

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来自 30 家媒体的 77 个来源· 引用最多的优先

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  1. Portugal's president heard 25 housing campaigners as tenants demanded a say over new rental rules.
  2. Rents on new leases are climbing, and the government's proposal would allow more flexible contracts and faster evictions. Will a hearing at the presidency bring tenants into government decisions on housing?
  3. President António José Seguro spent nearly three hours hearing the delegation at Belém Palace on November 13. Nine representatives came from Porto's encampment, nine from Lisbon's, and seven from the housing platform Casa Para Viver.
  4. The audience lasted almost twice the planned hour and a half. Alongside the encampments' working groups were technical specialists, including architects Bernardo Amaral and Joana Moreira, and social worker António Brito Guterres. They brought proposals developed through their assemblies.
  5. Seguro heard their concerns and proposals. The movements want Prime Minister Luís Montenegro to hear them too. Lisbon representative Levi Galaio said they asked Seguro to mediate a meeting with the prime minister.
  6. Casa Para Viver spokesperson André Escoval called the reception a political signal to the government and parliament. He accused Montenegro of avoiding the movements and demanded that the 2027 state budget address the housing crisis.
  7. Escoval said the prime minister cannot keep avoiding the movements and must follow the president's example. By the following morning, he said, the government and the governing Social Democratic Party still hadn't answered the platform's meeting request.
  8. The platform had met the Left Bloc, Livre and the Portuguese Communist Party that week. Meetings with PAN and the Socialist Party were planned for the following week. Those contacts put the movements before opposition parties as they continued seeking access to the government.
  9. Lisbon's letter asks Seguro to intervene so the government receives the encampments and hears tenants before approving the rental decree. The movement discussed those demands at a popular assembly in Parque das Nações the previous evening.
  10. They also want Seguro to hear tenants and residents before deciding whether to sign the measure into law. They ask him to consider a veto and seek publication of the inventory of state-owned homes, making the government's housing assets open to public scrutiny.
  11. The government's proposal would make contracts more flexible and evictions faster. The movements are pressing in the opposite direction, seeking rent ceilings, stronger safeguards against eviction and more publicly provided homes.
  12. The proposal has passed an initial parliamentary vote. PSD, Liberal Initiative and CDS–People's Party supported it, while Chega abstained. It still has to complete the legislative process. Campaigners invoke the constitutional right to housing and want Seguro to consider a veto or ask the Constitutional Court to review the legislation before it takes effect.
  13. Porto's nine proposals start with reversing the rental-law framework and stopping evictions and demolitions when people have no alternative accommodation. They also seek limits on purchases by property funds and more public housing with supported rents.
  14. The remaining proposals call for state rehabilitation of vacant buildings, rent ceilings and incentives to rent out empty homes. They would end tax benefits linked to property speculation, and prohibit and revoke short-term tourist-accommodation licences in properties intended for housing. Escoval also wants repeal of the urban rental law already in force.
  15. Subscribe to this channel to follow the rental-law decisions and the movements' push for government talks.
  16. Lisbon spokesperson Lou Loução said Seguro hadn't told them what he would or wouldn't do about the rental law. Loução had hoped for a more concrete response, while still hoping the president could help secure government dialogue.
  17. Porto representative Cristiana Leal said the audience strengthened the movements. She described Seguro as open to dialogue and moved by their accounts of hardship and police violence. She also said he assured them he wouldn't drop the issue even if television stopped discussing it.
  18. Police interventions to disperse the encampments and remove tents brought dozens of arrests and injuries. The protests began in Porto on October 10 and spread to Lisbon. Prosecutors are investigating police interventions in both cities.
  19. Porto's letter asks for political accountability and Interior Minister Luís Neves's dismissal. It demands identification of the police chain of command, preservation of officers' camera recordings, an independent public investigation and return of property allegedly seized. The movement also asks for criminal proceedings against the minister.
  20. Galaio also raised alleged threats of reprisals by government members against immigrants joining the protests. He said Seguro reassured them he would act within his capabilities. Porto's Maria João Calisto said the president was awaiting reports on policing already in progress.
  21. The pressure on housing extends well beyond the encampments. Across 149,628 new leases signed in 2025, Portugal's median rent reached nine euros and twenty-nine cents per square metre. That was up 9.7 percent from the previous year, while the number of new contracts rose 5.4 percent.
  22. In the first quarter of 2026, the median reached nine euros and forty-six cents per square metre across 39,395 new leases. Rent growth accelerated to 9.1 percent a year, while the number of contracts grew just 0.7 percent.
  23. The preceding quarter's annual rent increase was 7.9 percent. These figures describe newly signed leases in those earlier periods. They measure a different market from the rent already paid by every existing tenant, and they don't show November asking prices.
  24. Grande Lisboa reached fourteen euros and thirty-eight cents per square metre. Madeira followed at eleven ninety-seven, the Setúbal Peninsula at eleven thirty-five, the Algarve at ten seventy-one, and the Porto metropolitan area at ten thirteen.
  25. New-lease rents rose in every subregion. Lisbon municipality, measured separately from the wider Grande Lisboa area, reached seventeen euros and forty-two cents per square metre, up 8.2 percent. It had the highest median among the 24 municipalities with more than 100,000 residents. All 24 recorded annual rent increases.
  26. Vila Nova de Famalicão had the largest annual rent increase among those municipalities, at 15.1 percent. Its number of new contracts rose 13.4 percent, also the largest increase. Nine of the 24 municipalities exceeded national contract growth.
  27. Buying a home also became more expensive. Portugal's median dwelling sale price reached 2,076 euros per square metre in 2025, up 16.8 percent. Five regions exceeded that national level.
  28. Grande Lisboa's median was 3,439 euros per square metre. The Algarve reached 3,139, the Setúbal Peninsula 2,596, Madeira 2,500, and the Porto metropolitan area 2,305. Those are sale prices for homes across each region.
  29. Housing construction increased alongside those prices. An estimated 30,425 dwellings were completed in 2025, up 8.7 percent. Authorities licensed 48,844 dwellings, up 14.6 percent from 42,612 the year before. Licensing reached its highest annual total since 2011.
  30. Those completions cover housing generally. The licensing figures count permission to build, with construction still to follow. Rents and sale prices rose during the same year, even as more homes were completed and more received permission.
  31. Casa Para Viver has announced 32 protests for November 14, updating the earlier description of about 30 cities. Its platform brings together roughly 100 associations and collectives. The Lisbon and Porto encampment movements say they'll join.
  32. The shared slogan says they won't let their right to a home be taken away. The announced actions reach mainland Portugal and the islands. Funchal's plans include a morning gathering and an afternoon march.
  33. Lisbon and Porto are among the planned locations, alongside Coimbra, Braga and Faro. Island locations include Funchal, Angra do Heroísmo, Horta and Ponta Delgada. The 32 announced actions describe the planned mobilization; attendance hasn't been counted nationwide.
  34. The education union S.TO.P. has called its members to gather at half past two on Lisbon's Alameda, outside the former Cinema Império. That's the union's own meeting time. It highlights teachers posted far from home who must cover two housing costs.
  35. The union also says low-paid school support staff struggle with rents, and schools face difficulties attracting and keeping workers. Its members are joining the housing mobilization because finding somewhere to live affects whether people can take and keep those jobs.
  36. The movements secured a long presidential hearing and put their demands directly to Seguro. Loução says the president gave no concrete rental-law commitment. A government meeting still hasn't been confirmed. The next decisions rest on the rental legislation, the 2027 budget and whether Montenegro agrees to hear the tenants.

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