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能源 · 孟加拉国液化天然气

部长称孟加拉国液化天然气采购保障至12月，但代价高昂

能源部长称，液化天然气采购可满足截至2026年12月的当前需求。价格上涨促使燃油发电机组重新启用，而1月燃料采购仍未敲定。

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原语言视频

译自英文原文。

对孟加拉国的工厂和电力用户而言，眼下的缓解在于，有望获得燃料，使生产和供电维持到12月。问题在于成本：据能源部长称，紧急采购液化天然气的价格已经高到让部分燃油发电机组重新启动变得合算。而这项采购保障目前还没有延伸到1月。⁠1

电力、能源和矿产资源部长伊克巴尔·哈桑·马哈茂德11月14日表示，按当前需求计算，孟加拉国已购买足够的液化天然气，可维持正常供气至2026年12月。他称，在一次导致许多发电厂停运、工厂遭受严重困难的中断事件之后，天然气供应相当稳定。⁠1

这是一项有意义的近期保障，但其范围小于保证电力不间断供应。采购液化天然气、将其运抵、再气化，以及维持发电站和电网运转，是彼此独立的要求。这项公告确认的是部长对采购情况的说法，并非经独立核实的燃料可用量与需求平衡情况。

2026年12月部长所称液化天然气采购保障期限 1
每单位$31部长提及的最近一次采购价格 13
每单位$12作为比较的先前价格 13

马哈茂德在达卡一家酒店出席第五届孟加拉国经济会议-2026时发表上述讲话。该活动由《商业新闻报》组织，讨论了全球局势不确定背景下的经济、投资和能源安全。他对供应的保证明确以当前天然气需求为前提，并未证实所有已购燃料都已实际储存在孟加拉国境内。⁠1

燃油发电机组为何重新启用

按照部长的说法，此次中断始于一座浮式液化天然气接收站出现问题。这类设施——浮式储存再气化装置，简称FSRU——储存进口液化天然气，并将其再气化后供应给用户。即使已经安排进口，这一环节发生故障，仍可能导致发电厂和工厂缺少可用燃料。⁠1

对由此造成的短缺规模，需要谨慎解读。Dhakatimes24和《每日革命报》11月14日的报道称，马哈茂德表示天然气压力降至接近一半。《巴尔莱卡今日报》当天的报道则称，全国天然气供应量下降近一半。这两种说法衡量的并非同一事项：压力下降不能直接视为供气量同比例下降。报道没有提供带日期的运行数据来解释这种差异。⁠1⁠3⁠2

各方报道一致描述的是发电和工业生产受到严重干扰。马哈茂德称，许多发电厂停运，工厂遭受重创。现有报道尚未确认受影响的船舶、运营方、停运日期或维修时间表。⁠1⁠3

孟加拉国随后在现货市场额外采购液化天然气，即在长期合同之外进行采购。马哈茂德表示，在新加坡市场购买的液化天然气也大幅涨价。他称，先前价格为每单位$12，最近一次采购价格为$31，超过此前价格的两倍半。⁠1

这些数字有一项重要限定。《巴尔莱卡今日报》11月14日的报道给出的两个价格单位均为每MMBtu，即每百万英热单位，这是一种能量计量单位。Dhakatimes24和《每日革命报》则只写了“每单位”。目前没有证据证实任何采购中标结果，因此无法独立确认价格所用的计量单位或合同依据。报道也没有指出这项比较涉及的交易日期和条款。这些是部长提及的采购，并非经核实的孟加拉国液化天然气进口平均价格，也不是国内天然气价格。⁠2⁠1⁠3

马哈茂德认为，液化天然气价格上涨后，燃气发电的成本几乎与燃油发电持平。因此，为应对短缺，部分燃油发电厂机组重新启动。这解释了运营层面的选择，但没有说明其全部财务影响：相关报道没有提供逐厂成本比较、重启机组数量或额外采购总费用。⁠1⁠3

供应稳定不等于供电不间断

马哈茂德对当前情况的描述比他对危机的描述更为平稳。他表示，过去约两周，限电——即供电不足时有意切断电力——的情况非常少。他称，部分地区的停电是技术故障所致，而非燃料危机。⁠1

这些是定性判断，并不能证明停电已经结束。现有报道没有提供两周内的天然气交付量、未满足需求或停电情况时间序列，无法据此检验这些说法。对于努力维持生产的工厂而言，这一区别具有实际意义：燃料供应只能解决一种中断原因，并非所有原因。

支持这项公告的报道没有披露12月采购的货船数量、液化天然气总量、供应商名单、中标信息或交付时间表。没有这些信息并不能证明采购没有发生，但会限制读者准确判断燃料能否在需要时到货。⁠1⁠2⁠3

2027年1月仍是接下来需要处理的采购任务。马哈茂德表示，随后将制定当月燃料采购计划；他没有宣布1月采购已经完成，也没有公布价格。有关12月的报道为孟加拉国提供了近期燃料供应预期。要将这种保障延续到新年，仍需将采购落实为确定的交付安排，而相关成本仍未明朗。⁠1⁠3

来源14

在此处引用的来源中，The Daily Inqilab最先发布，比本报道播出早47小时。 随后还有6家媒体发布。
  1. The Daily Inqilab
  2. Desh TV
  3. Google News বাংলাদেশ (BD:bn)
  4. দ্য নিউজ ২৪
  5. dailyadin.com
  6. Barlekha Today
  7. The Daily Star
  8. HeyDay News

5篇早期文章作为背景资料参阅。4家媒体未注明日期：daily-sun.comkalerkantho.comamadershomoy.comBarta 24

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来自 14 家媒体的 20 个来源· 引用最多的优先

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  1. Bangladesh has restarted oil-fired power units to manage its gas shortage.
  2. The energy minister says LNG purchases now cover demand through December, but at sharply higher prices. Factories and electricity users depend on keeping that fuel flowing.
  3. January's fuel purchases, and the price of maintaining supply into next year, are still unresolved.
  4. Energy Minister Iqbal Hasan Mahmud announced the purchases in Dhaka on November fourteenth. He spoke at the Fifth Bangladesh Economic Conference, where energy security was part of a wider discussion about the economy and investment amid global uncertainty.
  5. The conference was organized by Bonik Barta at a hotel in the capital. Mahmud's assurance rests on current gas demand. He says the LNG needed to keep supplies normal through December has already been bought.
  6. December twenty twenty-six is the limit of the purchasing assurance. Mahmud says Bangladesh has bought enough LNG for that period. For electricity users and factories, that offers a near-term fuel horizon after a disruption that shut down many power plants.
  7. The fuel still has to reach the gas network. LNG means liquefied natural gas, imported in liquid form. A floating terminal stores it and turns it back into gas so it can be supplied to users.
  8. Problems with a floating LNG terminal sharply reduced gas pressure, Mahmud says. Electricity generation was severely disrupted, many power plants shut down, and factories suffered extensively. That terminal is a link between imported liquid fuel and the gas those users need.
  9. The disruption's scale needs care. Mahmud described pressure falling to nearly half. Pressure tells us something different from the volume of gas flowing through the network, so the two can't be used interchangeably.
  10. The nearly-half figure describes either a fall in pressure or a fall in supply. Those are different measurements. The precise national loss of gas volume is unclear, even though Mahmud describes substantial damage to power generation and factory operations.
  11. Subscribe to this channel to follow Bangladesh's January fuel purchases and the cost of keeping gas flowing.
  12. Bangladesh bought extra LNG on the spot market to manage the shortage. Those purchases sit outside long-term contracts, and Mahmud says fuel bought in the Singapore market also became substantially more expensive.
  13. Mahmud put the earlier LNG price at twelve dollars per unit and the latest at thirty-one dollars. That's more than two and a half times the earlier price. The precise pricing basis hasn't been confirmed.
  14. One pricing unit used for those figures is a million British thermal units, a measure of energy. The minister didn't give the transaction dates or contract terms. His comparison describes the purchases he cited, rather than an average across the country's LNG imports.
  15. Gas-fired electricity had become almost as expensive as oil-fired electricity, in Mahmud's assessment. That changed the immediate choice of fuel. Some units at oil-based power plants were restarted to help manage the shortage and maintain electricity supply.
  16. The latest assessment is more settled than the disruption he described. Mahmud says gas supply is fairly stable. He also says load-shedding, the deliberate cutting of electricity when supply falls short, has been very low for about two weeks.
  17. Technical faults caused some local electricity interruptions, Mahmud says. His assessment leaves room for outages even with fuel available. Buying LNG, delivering it and converting it back into gas are separate steps toward dependable power.
  18. The December purchases come without a disclosed delivery schedule, so the timing of fuel reaching users is still unclear. Mahmud says planning for January twenty twenty-seven will follow. The government hasn't announced completed purchases for that month or their price.

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