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灾害 · 特拉基亚高速公路事故

保加利亚高速公路两起连环相撞事故致11人死亡，死亡人数经修正

卫生部将死亡人数从12人修正为11人；与此同时，报道显示两处事故现场共涉及86辆车。受伤人数仍未统一核实，浓雾仍只是暂定的事故解释。

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原语言视频

译自英文原文。

车辆横陈在高速公路的六条车道上，有些被撞得面目全非，有些翻倒，还有些被推到路边。亚姆博尔附近的残骸横跨保加利亚一条主要公路的双向车道——不是同一方向发生的一起连环相撞，而是两处独立的事故现场。⁠1⁠19

保加利亚卫生部后来澄清，11月10日星期二的事故造成11人死亡，修正了当天流传的初步死亡人数12人。根据保加利亚国家电视台（BNT）报道的这项澄清，10人在现场死亡，1人在医院死亡。⁠15

事故涉及车辆的报道数量变化方向恰好相反：早期估计约为50辆，后来报道则称共有86辆汽车和卡车。保加利亚广播电台和BNT报道，两起连环相撞事故的车辆总数达到这一较高数字。死亡人数的修正并不意味着灾情较轻；后来公布的车辆数量显示，最初掌握的情况有多不完整。⁠8⁠18

11卫生部澄清后的死亡人数 15
86两起连环相撞事故涉及的车辆数 818
4611:30统计中住院人数 13

事故发生在保加利亚东南部兹姆尼察立交附近的特拉基亚高速公路（亦称A1高速公路）。这条公路连接索非亚和黑海沿岸的布尔加斯；据报道，事故地点位于布尔加斯以西约75公里处。保加利亚媒体称，两起连环相撞事故分别发生在高速公路的相反方向车道，地点位于289公里和294公里处。早期报道说，事故发生在当地时间上午7时左右。⁠1⁠2⁠19

雾天尚不足以解释事故

最初的官方说法是，一辆公共汽车与一辆卡车相撞，进而引发连环碰撞。内政部官员柳博米尔·尼科洛夫称，浓雾可能是事故原因。这只是初步评估，并非最终调查结论；仅凭这一点，也无法解释高速公路两侧的碰撞是如何接连发生的。⁠1⁠3

据报道，一项估算称能见度低至10米。但不应将其误认为经过确认的仪器测量结果。现有证据也无法确定任何一处连环相撞事故的责任归属，或证明车速、道路设计、养护状况或其他因素是事故原因。调查人员仍需查明碰撞是如何发生和发展的。⁠22

警方、消防人员和急救人员已赶赴现场。在较早的救援过程中，亚姆博尔警方首席督察托多尔·米希涅夫告诉Nova电视台，仍有人被困在车内。他的描述体现了当时救援的紧迫难题：救出损毁车辆中的乘员，优先于还原事故经过。⁠3

目前，首要任务是开展救援行动。救援结束后，将进行程序性工作和调查。

托多尔·米希涅夫 3

这份声明描述的是米希涅夫发言时的紧急情况。它不能证明当天晚些时候仍有人受困。现有报道没有提供经核实的最终受困人员人数，也没有说明救援人员最终救出多少人。

不断变化的伤亡数字背后的幸存者

最清晰的医院收治情况统计有明确的时间点。卫生部更新的通报记录了当地时间11:30的情况：共有46名患者住院，其中斯利文27人、亚姆博尔12人、布尔加斯7人。卫生部长卡蒂娅·伊夫科娃还表示，46人已被送往医疗机构，同时警告情况仍在变化。这两项说法都无法确定此后仍有多少人留院治疗。⁠13⁠17

受伤人数尚未得到统一核实。在11月10日的报道中，澳大利亚ABC新闻援引内政部数据称，50名伤者被送往医院；《卫报》则报道卫生部长称有46人被送去接受治疗。这些数字可能对应不同的报道时点或统计定义，但现有证据无法厘清差异。它们并非可以相加的两组不同人员。⁠1⁠2

其他已发布的统计又有所不同：《欧洲新闻台》报道有48人受伤，保加利亚广播电台则报道有51人受伤。这些报道进一步说明，有必要发布经过核实统一的伤亡通报，而不是挑选出现过的最大数字。官方11:30的医院统计仍有参考价值，正是因为它明确说明了统计内容和时间。⁠10⁠8⁠13

此前有关死亡地点的说法也应予以更正，而不是混在一起计算。ABC在11月10日的报道说，11人在现场死亡、1人在医院死亡；德国之声当天的报道则说，10人在现场死亡、2人在转运途中死亡。两者都采用了12人的初步死亡总数。此后，BNT报道卫生部澄清死亡人数为11人，其中10人在现场死亡、1人在医院死亡，取代了此前的分类。现有报道没有准确解释初步统计出错的原因。⁠1⁠3⁠15

医院救治伤者的同时，当局也准备了空中医疗救援。保加利亚通讯社（BTA）援引政府新闻处报道称，政府飞机已派往布尔加斯待命，以备可能将患者转送至索非亚；斯巴达军用运输机也处于待命状态。德国之声称有两架飞机搭载医疗队和担架设备。可以确定的是飞机已部署并做好准备；实际是否有患者乘机转运，以及人数多少，则尚不明确。⁠21⁠3

总理鲁门·拉德夫取消了在瓦尔纳的后续活动，并取消了一场内阁会议。他称事故是一起“悲剧”，并计划前往现场。11月11日星期三被宣布为全国哀悼日。正在访问保加利亚的欧盟委员会主席乌尔苏拉·冯德莱恩表示，她将缩短行程，并向救援队致以哀悼和敬意。⁠21⁠1

这场灾难发生之际，保加利亚的全国道路安全记录令人忧心。德国之声援引欧盟委员会数据报道，保加利亚2025年每百万人中有71人死于道路交通事故，是欧盟成员国中最高的；欧盟平均值为43。道路交通事故受害者曾将更广泛的伤亡归咎于鲁莽驾驶、基础设施疏于维护和低效的司法系统。这些问题值得审视，但并非针对兹姆尼察事故的调查结论。⁠3

在已宣布的哀悼活动之外，目前还有两项重要工作：准确统计死者和伤者人数，并查明双向车道为何都发生了多车连环相撞。最初的统计已经出现重大变化。调查必须以证据取代早期解释，而不能只重复“当时有雾”。

来源16

在此处引用的来源中，bta.bg最先发布，比本报道播出早10小时。 随后还有12家媒体发布。
  1. bta.bg
  2. Vesti.bg
  3. euronews
  4. Ministry of Transport and Communications
  5. BGNES: Breaking News, Latest News and Videos
  6. Deutsche Welle
  7. bntnews.bg
  8. The Sofia Globe
  9. 另有+5家媒体
  10. HeyDay News

3家媒体未注明日期：alarabiya.netapnews.comSchweizer Radio und Fernsehen (SRF)

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来自 16 家媒体的 22 个来源· 引用最多的优先

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  1. Two motorway pile-ups killed eleven people and left wreckage across both carriageways.
  2. Bulgaria's Health Ministry has corrected the death toll, while hospitals across three cities have treated the injured. The later reported vehicle count has grown to 86. Investigators still have to determine how collisions spread across both sides of the road.
  3. Ten people died at the scene and one died in hospital. The Health Ministry's clarification replaces the preliminary total of twelve that circulated during the day. It also changes the earlier accounts of where the victims died.
  4. The crashes struck the Trakia motorway, also called the A1, near the Zimnitsa junction outside Yambol. This is southeastern Bulgaria, on the main road connecting Sofia with Burgas on the Black Sea. The site was about 75 kilometres west of Burgas.
  5. Two separate stretches of motorway became crash scenes on opposite carriageways. The pile-ups were at kilometre markers 289 and 294. An early account placed the incident at around seven in the morning on November tenth.
  6. Yambol governor Georgi Chalakov initially estimated about 50 cars and trucks were involved. The later reported total is 86 cars and lorries across the two pile-ups. That gives a much wider picture of the disaster than the first estimate.
  7. Cars and trucks lay crushed, overturned or pushed off to the side, with vehicles piled across six lanes. Firefighters and rescue crews had to reach people inside damaged vehicles while police and ambulance teams worked along the motorway.
  8. The Interior Ministry's early explanation began with a bus hitting a truck and triggering a chain reaction. Ministry official Lyubomir Nikolov identified thick fog as the likely cause. His assessment remains provisional while investigators work through the sequence.
  9. One estimate put visibility as low as ten metres. That figure hasn't been confirmed as a measurement. Investigators still need to connect the events on the two carriageways and determine what caused each pile-up.
  10. The preliminary figures also placed deaths in different locations. One breakdown put eleven at the scene and one in hospital. Another put ten at the scene and two during transport. The ministry's correction replaces both. Officials haven't explained precisely how the counting went wrong.
  11. Sliven had 27 hospitalized patients, Yambol had twelve, and Burgas had seven. Those figures total 46 in the Health Ministry's eleven-thirty snapshot. Health Minister Katya Ivkova also said 46 people had been taken to medical facilities and warned that the situation was changing.
  12. A separate Interior Ministry figure put the number of injured people taken to hospital at 50. The health figure was 46 taken for treatment. Those counts haven't been reconciled, and they can't be added together as separate groups of patients.
  13. Other injury snapshots put the number at 48 or 51. Different reporting times and definitions may account for some of the variation. The 46 hospitalized patients are a dated snapshot, so that figure alone doesn't show how many people remained in hospital later.
  14. People were still trapped in cars when Yambol police chief inspector Todor Mishinev described the rescue effort. He said rescuing them came first, with investigative work to follow. His statement described that earlier stage of the emergency.
  15. Government aircraft were sent to Burgas to stand by for possible transfers of injured people to Sofia. Spartan military transport aircraft were also put on standby. Another description identified two aircraft carrying medical teams and stretcher equipment.
  16. The air response prepared crews and equipment for patients who might need treatment elsewhere. Nobody has said how many patients, if any, were actually flown. The aircraft deployments alone don't tell us whether those transfers happened.
  17. Prime Minister Rumen Radev cancelled later engagements in Varna and called off a cabinet meeting. He described the crash as a tragedy and planned to visit the scene. Wednesday, November eleventh, was announced as a day of mourning.
  18. European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen said she would shorten her visit to Bulgaria. She offered condolences and paid respects to the rescue teams. She had been visiting the country and meeting Radev when the disaster changed their schedules.
  19. Bulgaria recorded 71 road deaths per million residents in 2025, compared with an EU average of 43. That was the union's highest national rate. Road victims have blamed reckless driving, neglected infrastructure and an inefficient justice system for the wider safety problem.
  20. Those national figures describe the year before these crashes. Investigators still have to establish what happened near Zimnitsa. Fog remains the early likely explanation, and the full sequence across both carriageways is unresolved. The survivors' condition and treatment, along with a reconciled injury count, remain unfinished parts of the emergency.

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