灾害 · 查尔斯顿潮汐洪水
查尔斯顿的洪水警报已结束。接下来的两次通勤仍有风险。
水已漫上洛克伍德路口的布罗德街,但查尔斯顿洪水的最高严重程度仍未得到核实。星期二和星期三的高潮位仍威胁早晨通勤路线。
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新闻追踪第 2 天
1 篇报道15 家媒体30 个来源
10月26日星期一,盐水淹没了洛克伍德路口的布罗德街。WCIV发布的一张有日期标注的照片记录了查尔斯顿这个被水淹没的路口,但没有显示水深、官方道路封闭情况或港口的最高水位。这是街道被水淹没的证据,并不能证明当天早晨关于可能发生严重洪水的预报成为了现实。19
查尔斯顿的沿海洪水警报现已结束。美国国家气象局于美国东部夏令时间星期一上午10:29取消警报,比原定结束时间提前31分钟。接下来的两次早高峰通勤仍面临风险:预计星期二和星期三的高潮位时段会发生中度沿海洪水,易涝地区还可能进一步封路。一则警报结束,并不意味着本周的威胁消失。12 1
区分这些情况,无论是选择路线还是了解星期一发生了什么,都很重要。预报人员警告称,多条道路可能无法通行,房屋和其他物业可能被淹。现有报道证实街道出现积水,但无法证实带有时间记录的官方封路清单、已确认的财产损失,或查尔斯顿港经观测得出的最高水位。预报描述的是可能出现的严重后果,并非实际损失的统计。2 19
星期一警报结束时的情况
查尔斯顿和科尔顿沿海地区的警报是在夜间警戒之后发布的。警报于星期一凌晨2:35发布,生效时段为上午5–11时,预报海岸线和潮汐水道沿岸地面以上将有1–2英尺的盐水淹没。预计影响最大时段为上午8:18的高潮位,当时认为可能达到重大洪水阶段。7 2 1
这对查尔斯顿市中心的早高峰通勤尤其令人担忧。预计易涝地区的道路在高潮位前后数小时内会变得无法通行或封闭,并在水位退去前持续无法通行。布罗德街与洛克伍德路口的照片显示水已漫上街道,但没有告诉驾驶者之后哪些路线重新开放。19 3
星期日的警报属于另一个时段。WCIV在10月25日的报道描述了面向查尔斯顿、科尔顿沿海地区和乔治敦县的晚间警示,原定持续至晚上10时。另有一份警示记录列出,危险时段为下午5–10时,信息于晚上10:45到期。这个较晚的行政时间戳并未将预报的洪水时段延长45分钟;星期日这两个时间也都不代表星期一晚间的警报状态。1 6
星期一早晨,沿海各地的警示时段也不尽相同。WCIV报道称,乔治敦沿海地区的警示持续至上午10时,博福特和伯克利潮汐地区则持续至上午11时。伯克利南部地区(包括丹尼尔岛)的警示时间为上午6–11时,预报淹水深度最高可达半英尺。这些地区及预期影响不同于查尔斯顿和科尔顿沿海地区警报中预报的1–2英尺淹水,并不是对同一片区域提出的互相冲突的估算。19 4 2
已记录的取消通知确认,查尔斯顿和科尔顿沿海地区的星期一警报已取消。但它并未提供一份完整的、按县区划分的晚间沿海灾害情况清单。现有记录并未证实该警报在上午11时之后延长。12
八英尺不等于街面积水深度
查尔斯顿星期一的总水位预报为相对于平均较低低潮位(MLLW)7.9–8.1英尺。这个基准以每日较低的低潮位为依据。它表示潮位站标尺上的水位高度,并不是说路面上有七八英尺深的水。任何特定道路上的水深还取决于道路本身的海拔高度。此外,这个范围仍是预报值,并非经核实的实际最高水位。4
星期二的数据也需要同样谨慎解读。美国国家气象局星期一下午发布的潮汐报告预报,天文高潮位为6.9英尺MLLW,也可表示为高于平均较高高潮位1.1英尺;后者是以每日较高的高潮位为依据的基准。这是同一个天文潮汐预报的两种表达方式,不是两份不同的预报,也不是街面积水深度的估算值。15
同样,不能简单地用星期一7.9–8.1英尺的总水位预报减去星期二6.9英尺的天文潮汐预报,来衡量情况是否好转。这些数字描述的不是同一事物:前者仅指天文潮汐,后者则是包含天气影响的水位预报。风可能会把实际水位推得更高。一个看起来较低的数字,本身并不能说明路线更安全。15 4
天气情况说明了为什么晴朗的天空并不足以让人安心。WCIV将洪水威胁归因于强劲的向岸风与今年最高的天文潮位共同作用。高压楔形区既为低地乡村地区带来宜人的天气,也助长了强劲的沿海风。星期一上午11:28,美国国家气象局的讨论仍称,这是一场影响显著、持续多日的沿海洪水事件,强劲的东北气流将持续到本周初。1 13
接下来是下一次通勤,然后再下一次
预报变化过程为:星期日傍晚潮汐时段可能发生轻度洪水;星期一早晨可能发生严重洪水;随后星期二和星期三早晨可能发生中度洪水。这些类别描述的是相应时段的预报,不是对实际发生情况的测量记录。星期二的潮汐时间由美国国家气象局星期一下午发布的潮汐报告确认;星期三的时间来自WCIV星期日的预报。以下时间均为美国东部夏令时间。1 15
从星期一的警报到接下来的高潮位
海洋灾害有各自的时间安排。上午10:29发布的取消公告仍保留了高浪警示,原定持续至星期一下午2时;还保留了高离岸流风险提示,针对科尔顿沿海地区和查尔斯顿,原定持续至晚上8时。到星期一傍晚,公告所述的高浪警示期限已过,但离岸流风险时段尚未结束。取消沿海洪水警报,并不意味着海洋灾害已经解除。12
对驾驶者而言,查尔斯顿的TIDEeye和市政府洪水信息资源可供查询当前路况。选择路线前请先查询:预报道路可能封闭,不等于确认道路已经封闭;昨天出现过积水,或警报已经取消,也不等于确认道路已经重新开放。不要把被水淹没的道路当作捷径。26 27
根据WCIV的展望,风力预计在周中有所减弱,天气状况将在工作周末开始好转。在此之前,关键在于接下来的高潮位时段实际带来什么:应关注观测到的水位和当前路况,而不是已过期的警报,也不是未经核实的严重洪水说法。1
播出原貌 18 行
- Saltwater flooded Charleston streets ahead of two more mornings of forecast flooding. Monday's warning has ended, but Tuesday and Wednesday's high tides still threaten flood-prone roads and morning commutes. The immediate question is which risks ended with that warning, and which ones carry into the next commute.
- Water covered Broad Street at Lockwood on Monday, October twenty-sixth. That confirms street flooding. Nobody has confirmed an observed harbor peak showing Charleston reached major flood stage, which had been forecast as a possibility around the morning high tide.
- Forecasters expected numerous roads to become impassable and warned that properties could flood. Downtown commuters faced the possibility of closures around high tide, with routes unavailable until water receded. Those forecasts describe the danger people faced, rather than a count of roads closed or homes damaged.
- The warning ended at ten twenty-nine Monday morning. Charleston and coastal Colleton had moved from an overnight watch to a warning earlier that morning. Sunday's separate evening advisory had been scheduled through ten that night. Its schedule belongs to Sunday.
- The warning covered five to eleven Monday morning and was cancelled thirty-one minutes early. Sunday's bulletin also carried a ten forty-five message-expiration time. That administrative timestamp didn't add forty-five minutes to the forecast flooding period. The hazard's scheduled end was ten Sunday night.
- Monday's warning forecast one to two feet of saltwater above ground along shorelines and tidal waterways. Charleston's total-water forecast was seven point nine to eight point one feet on a tide-gauge reference scale. That higher number describes water elevation relative to a reference level.
- That reference is called Mean Lower Low Water, a standard based on the lower daily low tides. Forecast water elevation and water depth over land answer different questions. How much water reaches a particular road also depends on the road's elevation.
- Coastal Georgetown's advisory was scheduled through ten Monday morning. Beaufort and tidal Berkeley had eleven o'clock scheduled endings. Charleston and coastal Colleton had the stronger warning. Those were morning alert schedules, and shouldn't be carried forward as Monday evening's alert status.
- Southern Berkeley, including Daniel Island, had a six-to-eleven morning advisory forecasting up to half a foot of inundation. Charleston and coastal Colleton's one-to-two-foot forecast covered different locations. A lower forecast in Berkeley reflects different expected impacts across the coast.
- Strong onshore winds pushed water toward the coast while astronomical tides were exceptionally high. A wedge of high pressure helped produce both the pleasant weather and the coastal winds. Sunny skies across the Lowcountry could still leave a coastal route underwater.
- The forecast put minor saltwater flooding around Sunday's seven fifty-six evening high tide. Monday's eight eighteen morning tide carried the greatest expected impact, with major flooding possible. Strong northeast flow was still expected through early week, sustaining a multiday coastal-flooding threat.
- Tuesday's high tide arrives at nine oh six in the morning. Wednesday's is forecast for nine fifty-seven. Both mornings carry a forecast of moderate coastal flooding, with further road closures possible in flood-prone areas during the commute.
- Tuesday's astronomical tide prediction is six point nine feet above Mean Lower Low Water. The same tide is also expressed as one point one feet above Mean Higher High Water, a reference based on the higher daily high tides.
- Those two figures describe the same predicted astronomical tide using different reference levels. Wind can push the actual water higher. Comparing Tuesday's astronomical prediction with Monday's total-water forecast would mix two different measures and wouldn't tell you how much conditions have improved.
- The flood-warning cancellation also left separate ocean hazards on their own schedules. Rough surf carried risks of difficult boating conditions and beach erosion, alongside the danger from rip currents.
- Rough ocean conditions can persist after a road-flood warning ends. For coastal Colleton and Charleston, the cancellation bulletin kept the high surf advisory's scheduled afternoon ending and the high rip-current risk's evening ending separate from the cancelled flood warning.
- The surf advisory was scheduled through two this afternoon. That scheduled ending has passed. The high rip-current risk runs until eight tonight. People heading to the beach still need to follow the separate ocean-hazard information.
- For the next commute, Charleston's TIDEeye and city flood-road-closure resources provide places to check current road conditions. Check before choosing a route, and don't assume a previously flooded road has reopened. A water-covered road shouldn't become a shortcut. Winds are forecast to ease somewhat by midweek, with conditions beginning to improve by the end of the workweek.
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