国际 · 住房与驱逐持续报道 · 第 2 篇，共 2 篇

马里卡门再也没能回家。西班牙住房罢工号召仍在继续

数千人为这位在回家前去世的遭驱逐养老金领取者举行游行。工会仍支持11月11日罢工，但替代租户保护措施的适用范围仍不明朗。

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持续报道第 22 天

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完整报道
  1. 第 1 次更新在马德里住所居住70年后，她遭驱逐一事引发住房抗议露营活动
  2. 第 2 次更新马里卡门再也没能回家。西班牙住房罢工号召仍在继续当前位置

自上次报道以来的变化

17 天后

当时

在马德里住所居住70年后，她遭驱逐一事引发住房抗议露营活动

我们当时说尚无定论的问题

  1. 尚未证实存在已签署的返居协议、最终租金或获批法令。

    尚无定论

    替代法令已获批准并公布，但尚未核实签署的返居租约及最终租金金额。 107206207

  2. 左翼是否会团结在同一份名单和同一位候选人周围。

    尚无定论

    截至本次更新，尚未确认左翼联合名单或最终候选人。

  3. 投票日前是否会恢复任何住房保护措施，以及马里卡门·阿巴斯卡是否会回家。

    尚无定论

    阿巴斯卡去世时仍未能回家，未来返居也因此无从谈起。替代法令中可执行保护措施的具体内容及其后续批准情况仍未获确认。 228206207

  4. 人民党是否需要呼声党，以及双方会以什么条件合作。

    尚无定论

    选举尚未举行；人民党是否需要组建联盟，以及与呼声党达成的条款为何，均未确定。

  5. 周一的调解，随后是周二的内阁会议及可能举行的议会表决。

    尚无定论

    有关返居的安排已宣布，内阁也已批准替代措施。尚未核实其后议会是否批准。 1073

  6. 苏马尔广泛阵线将于10月17日发布的介绍，时间处于联盟登记窗口期内。

    尚无定论

    10月17日尚未到来；尚无证据表明相关活动已完成，也未核实联盟名单已正式登记。

  7. 候选名单登记时间为10月21日至26日，以及选举公告发布后进行的首批民调。

    尚无定论

    据报道，10月21日至26日为登记期，该期限尚未到来；这里也未确认有符合要求的选举公告后全国民调。

现在

数千人为这位在回家前去世的遭驱逐养老金领取者举行游行。工会仍支持11月11日罢工，但替代租户保护措施的适用范围仍不明朗。

新的进展

  • 据报道，返居安排已获接受，租期为8年，租金上限为收入的30%。
  • 阿巴斯卡在格雷戈里奥·马拉尼翁医院去世，未能回家。
  • 数千人从太阳门广场游行至她的旧居，并在屋外设立临时祭坛。

西班牙最大的工会联合会号召于11月11日举行全国性罢工，持续24小时，诉求涉及工资和住房。这场行动将把斗争从被占据的广场带到全国各地的工作场所。10月13日，距离玛丽亚·德尔·卡门·阿巴斯卡去世已过去6天，UGT仍在为这场行动辩护。这位87岁老人的遭驱逐事件成为西班牙住房运动的集结点。240 241

阿巴斯卡，人称马里卡门，再也没能回到自己的家。在公众压力下，有关方面提出让她回去，但她还没来得及回家便在医院去世。如今，她的遭遇提出了一个比政客是否会承认苦难更难回答的问题：能否在脆弱的租户失去家园之前及时提供保护？10

10月8日，我们报道了她的去世、替代住房法令的公布，以及宣布于11月11日举行的罢工。这些都不是新进展。本次更新记录了随后举行的悼念游行、官方悼念引发的争议，以及UGT继续支持罢工。议会是否批准法令，以及法令对特定租户究竟提供何种保护，仍未得到确认。

提出过返居安排，但从未落实

  1. 2026年9月23日

    警方和司法官员将阿巴斯卡从她在马德里居住多年的家中驱逐；她被用担架抬出。

    10
  2. 2026年9月29日

    据报道，返居安排已获接受，租期为8年，租金上限为收入的30%。

    107
  3. 2026年10月7日

    阿巴斯卡在格雷戈里奥·马拉尼翁医院去世，未能回家。

    230228
  4. 2026年10月8日

    数千人从太阳门广场游行至她的旧居，并在屋外设立临时祭坛。

    233

她再也没能回去的家

9月27日我们报道她遭驱逐时，她能否回家尚不确定。她与马德里雷蒂罗区伊比萨街区的一套公寓有着约70年的渊源。9月23日，警方封锁街道并带走抗议者，随后她被抬出。之后，她因健康状况脆弱而住院。10 230

她的律师贝阿特丽斯·杜罗证实她去世，但未透露死因。遭驱逐、住院和去世这一先后顺序已获证实，但这并不构成医学上证实的因果关系。活动人士所说的“心碎”是他们对这段遭遇的评价，并非临床诊断。10 8

据报道，9月29日与Urbagestión达成的安排提出租期8年，租金不超过她收入的30%，并可在出院后回家。更早的一则报道称该安排只是初步方案，并提到的是税后收入。接受方案并不能证明最终租约已经签署，最终租金金额也未获核实。她最终未能出院回家。马德里租户联盟表示，这一解决方案来得太晚。107 54 171 10

租金历史同样尚无定论。《卫报》10月8日的报道提到拟议涨幅为230%；此前租户的说法是275%。BBC早前的报道提到，租金将从€500涨到€2,650；据报道，Urbagestión否认曾要求这一涨幅。按这两个金额计算，涨幅应为430%，并非上述任何一个比例。原合同基准金额与公司的回应尚未厘清。目前有依据的事实是她负担不起大幅涨租，而非某个确定的涨幅百分比。7 214

机构内拒绝悼念，机构外举行追思

10月7日举行了烛光守夜活动，随后于次日晚间举行有组织的悼念游行。数千人从太阳门广场抗议营地步行至阿巴斯卡的旧居。宣布的出发时间为马德里时间20:00；具体出发时间未经独立核实。《卫报》估计约有20,000人参加，但没有可用的计数方法或经独立核实的总人数。238 232 233 7

《独立报》10月10日的报道另称，阿巴斯卡去世后，西班牙各地约有20,000名示威者，但未说明日期，也未确认这些人是否与马德里游行的参与者重叠。不能将这些估计相加。此前有关数万人参加抗议的报道，指的是前一个周末举行的抗议活动。4 9

在各机构内部，连悼念也引发争议。10月8日，马德里自治区议会、参议院和马德里市议会拒绝以机构名义默哀。在自治区议会，人民党阻止了工人社会党和马斯马德里提出的动议；这两个团体在全体会议召开前于议会外自行默哀。反对派成员也在市政厅西贝莱斯总部外另行默哀。人民党和呼声党均未参加这场悼念。274 275 279 280 282

《卫报》10月8日的报道称，反对派成员挫败了阻止市议会默哀的企图；ARA和埃菲社则称有关机构拒绝举行默哀。西贝莱斯总部外另行举行的悼念有独立记录，说明即使官方拒绝，悼念仍可进行。但这并不能证明反对派成员推翻了议会内部的程序性阻挠。7 231 274 278

极右翼对她死因的猜测没有提供任何医学解释。呼声党暗示，如果她是来自北非的移民，她就会有房子住；这一说法同样毫无依据。它将注意力从有记录的租金纠纷和延迟提供的补救措施，引向一个想象中的另一种人生。7

已公布措施，保护仍不明朗

选举公告早于她去世。BBC新闻10月8日的播报暗示选举于10月7日宣布；美国国家公共电台当天的报道则称公告是在10月5日星期一发布。日期为10月5日的公告证实了美国国家公共电台所述的时间线，取代了BBC所说的日期。投票仍定于11月29日举行。宣布选举的原因是国会10月2日否决紧急住房法令，而非阿巴斯卡随后去世。9 10 273

内阁于10月6日批准了21项替代措施。第28/2026号法令涉及住宅租赁合同稳定性，第29/2026号法令涉及住房的社会功能和可负担住房供应；两项法令均于10月7日公布。这能证明行政部门采取了行动并公布法令，但不能证明常设代表委员会——解散后运作的议会机构——随后批准了这些法令。3 206 207

报道称，较广泛的条款于10月8日生效，租约稳定性条款于11月15日生效，但这里尚未核实完整的实施条款和过渡条款。因此，适用资格、例外情形以及针对个案的驱逐保护仍不明朗。有关10月16日可能举行的会议是否会审议住房法令，各报道说法不一；尚无官方议程确认会进行表决。181 182 256 257

住房负担压力确实存在，但租户的处境并不相同。西班牙官方指数记录显示，2024年新签租约的全国租金涨幅为8.8%，现有租约为2.8%。这些是过去一年的变动幅度，并非马德里当前的数据，也不能证明每位租户的租金在十年间都翻了一倍。248

UGT和工人委员会于10月5日初步达成罢工协议，早于阿巴斯卡去世，且须经各自领导机构批准。双方10月7日发布的联合通知将罢工日期定为11月11日。罢工目标将提高工资、体面住房和物价侵蚀购买力联系起来。UGT领导人佩佩·阿尔瓦雷斯于10月13日重申支持行动；没有相关正式批准投票的记录，但也没有证据表明罢工已取消。187 240 241

播出原貌 32 行
  1. On October 8, we reported Maricarmen's death. Now unions are pursuing a nationwide strike. The November 11 call was already announced then. The latest development is that UGT was still pressing ahead on October 13.
  2. Thousands have marched in her memory, and politicians have fought over whether to honor her with a minute's silence. Other vulnerable renters still face a practical question. What protection can reach them before they lose their homes?
  3. Thousands walked from Puerta del Sol to Maricarmen's former home on October 8. The march began at the protest camp and ended in Madrid's Ibiza neighborhood, in Retiro. Mourners installed an improvised altar outside the building.
  4. The memorial crowd was estimated at about 20,000, although there's no confirmed count. The tenants' union had announced an eight o'clock evening start. The march followed candlelit vigils the previous night in Puerta del Sol and outside her former home.
  5. A separate estimate put demonstrations across Spain at about 20,000 after her death. Their dates and overlap with the Madrid march aren't clear, so those figures can't be added. Earlier crowds of tens of thousands belonged to the preceding weekend's protests.
  6. Protesters also stayed in tents at Puerta del Sol. Hundreds were described camping there in the earlier demonstrations. Her death brought fresh mourning to a place already occupied by people demanding affordable housing and stronger protection against eviction.
  7. Police and judicial officials carried María del Carmen Abascal out of her home on a stretcher on September 23. She was 87 and known as Maricarmen. Police cordoned off the street and removed protesters. She'd resisted three earlier eviction attempts and had a connection to the home stretching back about seven decades.
  8. Maricarmen died at Gregorio Marañón Hospital on October 7. She'd been hospitalized after the eviction because of her fragile health. Her lawyer, Beatriz Duro, confirmed her death without giving a cause. Campaigners blamed the ordeal, but no medical explanation has been disclosed.
  9. Maricarmen was evicted on September 23. Public pressure helped secure a return arrangement on September 29. It reportedly offered eight years, with rent no higher than 30 percent of her income. She died on October 7 before she could return.
  10. Her return depended on leaving hospital, and she was never discharged. The Madrid Tenants' Union said the arrangement came too late. Whether a final lease was signed, and what the rent would've been in euros, still isn't clear.
  11. Maricarmen couldn't afford the steep increase associated with the company that bought her flat. The proposed rise was reportedly 230 percent. Earlier tenant accounts described 275 percent. Those figures haven't been reconciled with the rent amounts carried in earlier coverage.
  12. One earlier account put the monthly rent at 500 euros, rising to 2,650. The owner, Urbagestión, reportedly denied demanding 2,650 euros. Those amounts would mean a 430 percent increase, with the final rent 5.3 times the starting amount.
  13. A later 1,650-euro offer was described as 300 euros above her pension. That implies a 1,350-euro pension, while another account put it near 1,000. Her actual pension hasn't been confirmed. The rent dispute remains unresolved even though the human outcome is clear.
  14. Three institutions refused official minutes of silence on October 8. At Madrid's regional Assembly, the People's Party blocked a proposal from the Socialists and Más Madrid. Those opposition groups held their own silence outside before the session. The Senate also refused an institutional tribute.
  15. Opposition members honored Maricarmen outside Madrid City Hall after the municipal government declined an official commemoration. The Socialists and Más Madrid held a silence outside Cibeles. PP and Vox didn't join. Opposition members also remembered her in their speeches inside.
  16. The separate tribute went ahead despite the refusal of an official one. It doesn't settle the competing descriptions of whether opposition members overturned an attempted block inside the council chamber.
  17. PP leader Alberto Núñez Feijóo accused Pedro Sánchez's government of manipulating public emotion and held Sánchez responsible for the eviction. The PP argued that political opponents were exploiting Maricarmen's death. Feijóo made the accusation on October 8.
  18. Far-right figures also cast doubt on the account of her death without supplying medical evidence. Vox claimed she would've had a home if she'd been a migrant from North Africa. It offered no evidence for that claim.
  19. Sánchez offered condolences on October 7, as did Housing Minister Isabel Rodríguez and Feijóo. Sánchez has made tenant protection central to his campaign. Opponents criticize his eight years in office, while he says regional authorities obstructed his housing measures.
  20. Ombudsman Ángel Gabilondo called for cooperation to prevent vulnerable people's evictions and provide enough social housing. On October 14, Foreign Minister José Manuel Albares linked the election to the housing-decree defeat and argued that social and fundamental rights were at stake.
  21. Albares framed the contest as a choice between a progressive government and a reactionary coalition. That's his political assessment of the election's stakes.
  22. Sánchez announced the election on October 5, two days before Maricarmen died. An earlier date of October 7 was wrong. The scheduled polling day remains November 29. The announcement followed Parliament's rejection of the government's emergency housing decrees.
  23. Congress rejected the first decree by 178 votes to 172, and the second by 184 to 166. Opposition votes included the PP, Vox and Junts. The housing protests formed part of the political pressure surrounding those defeats.
  24. The cabinet approved 21 replacement housing measures on October 6, and both replacement decrees were published on October 7. One concerns stability of rental contracts. The other concerns housing's social function and affordable supply. Their precise protection for individual tenants remains unclear.
  25. We still don't know whether Parliament's standing body, which operates after dissolution, has validated the replacements. Reported start dates are October 8 for broader provisions and November 15 for lease stability, but eligibility and exceptions remain unclear. There's also no confirmed agenda placing a housing vote at the possible October 16 sitting.
  26. New renters faced larger increases than existing tenants in the national rental-price index. In 2023, rents rose 2.6 percent overall. New contracts rose 4.1 percent, while existing contracts rose 2.4 percent.
  27. New-contract rent growth reached 8.8 percent in 2024. The overall increase was 3.5 percent, and existing contracts rose 2.8 percent. These are historical annual figures for Spain, and they don't measure Madrid's rents today.
  28. Rent-payment data show another gap. Increases generally stayed below 3 percent when the tenant and landlord didn't change. New-contract growth exceeded 10 percent year on year at the end of 2025. That's a separate measure based on direct-debit payments.
  29. Those figures show why one sweeping rent claim can mislead. They don't support saying every tenant's rent doubled over a decade. Asking prices, signed contracts and actual payments describe different parts of the housing market.
  30. UGT and CCOO agreed to a nationwide, 24-hour strike on October 5, before Maricarmen's death. Their joint notice fixed November 11 two days later. They want decent wages that make decent housing affordable, alongside action against prices eroding purchasing power.
  31. UGT leader Pepe Álvarez was still defending the November 11 action on October 13. He called for better wages, solutions to the housing crisis and progress in collective bargaining. The initial agreement required union ratification, whose formal votes haven't been confirmed.
  32. Maricarmen never regained her home. For other vulnerable tenants, cabinet approval and publication have happened, but the replacements' enforceable reach and parliamentary status remain unclear. The nationwide strike is called for November 11, followed by the general election on November 29.

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