国际 · 边境检查站迁移
摩尔多瓦撤出4处检查站人员,更大的边境调整仍未完成
摩尔多瓦边防警察和海关官员已返回本国领土。要与乌克兰更广泛地开展联合检查,仍取决于尚未全面投入运行的设施、人员配置和安排。
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新闻追踪第 5 天
1 篇报道22 家媒体27 个来源
4个联合边境检查站已不再有摩尔多瓦人员驻守——但边境检查并未停止。袭击使员工和旅客面临危险后,摩尔多瓦已将边防警察和海关官员从乌克兰境内的设施撤回。更艰巨的任务仍未完成:在摩尔多瓦境内准备好场所,让乌克兰官员能够加入他们,共同开展检查。 3
在Moldova 1于2026年10月20日发布的一篇报道中,内政部长Daniella Misail-Nichitin称,撤离4个检查站人员的工作已经完成。她说,摩尔多瓦已与乌克兰就两个过境点达成安排,但报道没有说明这两个地点,也未给出全面投入运行的日期。10月20日只能说明人员撤离最迟在那时已经完成,不能确定最后一批官员具体何时返回。 3
目前已有一处例外,打破了两国各自在本国领土检查交通的普遍模式。在Criva–Mămăliga,乌克兰边防人员在摩尔多瓦境内检查出境交通。相应的入境安排仍需组织落实。因此,这既不是一项尚未在任何地点启动的迁移,也不是已经完成的跨境联合检查转移。 2
检查地点为何重要
此次变化背后的危险并非假设。袭击损坏了过境点建筑、中断交通,并造成靠近摩尔多瓦领土的平民死亡。边境设施既是工作场所,也是人们必须停车等候的地方。转移官员可以减少他们遭受乌克兰基础设施袭击的风险,但不会自动保护所有使用过境点的人。 7
使边境地区面临危险的袭击
俄罗斯声称这些过境点被用于向乌克兰输送武器;基希讷乌否认这一说法。无论莫斯科声称的理由是什么,报道所述的伤亡和交通中断都表明,这些袭击对人员经由该边境通行造成了直接影响。 7
乌克兰社区与领土发展部副部长Serhiy Derkach在Radio Svoboda于10月1日发布的一篇采访中称,敖德萨州摩尔多瓦边境沿线的3处过境点几乎被彻底摧毁。这是3处受损的乌克兰设施,并非对摩尔多瓦4处人员撤离情况的另一种统计。两组数字描述的是不同事项,不能视为同一组。 26
Derkach还说,某一检查站利用预先制定的应急计划和移动设施,在24小时内恢复了运行。这是检查能够迅速恢复的一个重要实例,但不能证明所有受损设施都在一天内重建。他同时警告,威胁依然存在,因此需要备用地点和路线。 26
人员撤离,但完整清单仍付阙如
相关防护措施于9月启动。MOLDPRES于9月11日报道的一则通知列出了Giurgiulești–Reni、Briceni–Rossoșani和Criva–Mămăliga。从当地时间9月12日08:00起,摩尔多瓦边防警察和海关署人员将从乌克兰境内的联合设施返回,并在摩尔多瓦现有基础设施内工作,为期90天。 18
当局承诺维持过境点开放,确保人员和车辆通行不中断。这是一项运营承诺,并非经过测量后得出的旅客没有遭遇延误的结论。这一变化是迁移摩尔多瓦人员的工作地点,并未取消接受边境检查的要求。 18
不过,现有报道无法提供一份可靠的、逐个过境点记录撤离完成情况的清单。NewsMaker在10月21日的报道中转述了部长10月7日的说法:克里瓦和帕兰卡的人员已经撤回,其他地点的撤离仍将继续。这一说法称两处撤离已完成,与9月针对3处地点采取的措施并不能完全对应。 27
因此,帕兰卡是有记录的撤离地点,但不能简单地将它加到9月公布的3个地点之中,进而认定它就是10月20日所说的4个检查站中的第四处。两篇报道都没有提供一份权威清单,明确将全部4个检查站与那项公告对应起来,也没有说明帕兰卡的撤离日期。总体变化已经得到证实,但各个过境点的完整撤离过程尚不清楚。 18 27 3
联合检查站如何运作
下一步有法律依据。现有的双边协议允许设立联合检查站;Derkach表示,乌克兰和摩尔多瓦已互换照会,并正在制定路线图,以准备摩尔多瓦境内的设施。按照他描述的联合检查模式,两国在同一地点检查旅客证件。迁移的目的,是在改变官员工作地点的同时,维持这些检查。 26
实际所需远不止找一张空桌子。乌克兰海关和边防官员需要连接其工作系统的工作站、设备以及信息安全防护措施。摩尔多瓦部分地点缺乏容纳额外人员和设备的基础设施。在危险情况下能够开展最低限度检查的场所,还不等于一处设备齐全、容量更大的过境点。 26
Derkach说,如有需要,乌克兰可以转运模块化设施。具体迁移是永久性的,还是只在危险期间启用,当时仍在讨论中。这一区别很重要:应急备用地点可以在紧急情况下维持部分交通,但无法提供常设联合检查站的容量或确定性。 26
时间表的目标是实际投入运行,而不只是写出计划。Derkach在10月1日的采访中说,计划于2026年在摩尔多瓦境内设立若干联合检查站,并预计在3个月内开展若干试点项目。他的表述既显出信心,也明确作了保留:“我认为,3个月内我们肯定会实施若干试点项目。” 26
从采访发布之日起计算3个月,日期是2027年1月1日。这是日历推算,并非另行公布的、具有约束力的开放期限。与此同时,承诺在2026年内设立若干检查站,因此年底将是检验进展的关键时点:哪些试点已经运行、运行方向如何、人员配置和通行能力怎样?现有报道尚未证实任何具名试点的具体开放日期。 26 7
与此同时,摩尔多瓦正在边境暴露地段筹备防护空间,供边防警察、海关人员和公众使用。工作人员还将获得个人防护装备。Misail-Nichitin说,由于可能发生更多事件,避难设施的建设仍在继续;她并未表示所有过境点都已具备足够的防护。 2
官员返回本国是已经完成的一项防护措施。要在摩尔多瓦境内更广泛地开展联合检查,设施、人员配置和运营方面的工作仍有待完成。Criva表明,联合检查模式已有部分实际运作。下一项进展证明应是具名过境点开始执行商定的检查,而不是再次宣布安排已经存在。
播出原貌 16 行
- Moldova has pulled its officers back from four joint border posts. Attacks near the frontier have killed civilians and damaged the infrastructure that keeps people and goods moving. The two countries are negotiating to move more Ukrainian checks onto Moldovan soil. How much is already working, and what still has to happen?
- A Russian strike killed two civilians and wounded three at Starokozache on September 9. The crossing is about one kilometer from Moldovan territory. Traffic stopped there, bringing the danger to people using this frontier into sharp focus.
- A drone attack had already damaged buildings at Tabaki on August 21, forcing a temporary closure. Then, on October 5 at Palanca, a projectile or debris ricocheted into a scheduled bus. A Moldovan border officer suffered minor injuries. Russia has claimed these crossings supply weapons to Ukraine. Moldova rejects that claim.
- Moldova has brought both its border police and customs officers home from four joint posts. Interior Minister Daniella Misail-Nichitin says arrangements have been agreed with Ukraine for two crossings. The governments haven't named those two locations or given dates for full operation.
- The minister described the four-post withdrawal as complete by October 20. The security changes reach back to September. Before those changes, Moldovan officers worked alongside Ukrainian officers at joint facilities on Ukrainian territory. The general arrangement now puts each country's checks on its own side of the border, with an important exception at Criva.
- The September measure covered Giurgiulești–Reni, Briceni–Rossoșani and Criva–Mămăliga. It took effect on September 12 for 90 days. Border police and customs officers were to return to existing Moldovan facilities, while authorities promised to keep people and vehicles moving.
- That promise concerned continued operations; travelers could still face delays. On October 7, the minister named Criva and Palanca as places where employees had already withdrawn. Her description of two completed withdrawals doesn't line up neatly with September's three-site measure. Palanca's place in the later four-post total is still unclear.
- Ukrainian border guards already work on Moldovan soil at Criva–Mămăliga for outbound traffic. The corresponding inbound arrangement still needs organizing. So part of the proposed model is already operating, even as the broader two-crossing package awaits full implementation.
- An existing bilateral agreement allows joint checkpoints. The countries have exchanged letters and are preparing a road map for Moldovan facilities. Joint inspections let both countries check a traveler's documents in one place. Moving those inspections would reduce exposure to attacks on Ukrainian infrastructure, while preserving the border checks themselves.
- Ukrainian officers need workstations connected to their operating systems, along with equipment and information-security protections. Some Moldovan sites lack room and infrastructure for the extra personnel. Preparing a desk is only part of making a joint checkpoint work.
- Ukraine could transfer modular structures if needed. Officials are still working through whether particular moves would be permanent or activated during danger. Their immediate goal includes a fallback location where officers could keep checks running at reduced capacity. Expanding that into a fully equipped, higher-capacity crossing requires more preparation.
- Derkach described an emergency setup that could handle minimum-capacity checks during danger. A larger operation would need more infrastructure. He also said a prepared contingency plan and mobile structures had restored operations at one checkpoint within 24 hours, while the threat continued.
- Derkach described three Ukraine–Moldova crossings in Odesa region as almost completely destroyed. Those three damaged facilities are counted separately from Moldova's four staffing withdrawals. His 24-hour restart concerned operations at one checkpoint. Rebuilding damaged infrastructure and keeping an alternative crossing available remain larger tasks.
- Serhiy Derkach, Ukraine's deputy minister for communities and territories development, expected several pilot projects within three months. He also planned several joint posts on Moldovan soil during 2026. That sets a year-end ambition for actual operations, with opening dates still unsettled.
- Counting three months from October 1 reaches January 1, but Derkach didn't announce a binding deadline for that day. Moldova's four-post withdrawal is complete, and Criva already has outbound Ukrainian checks. Wider relocation still depends on preparing facilities and putting the agreed arrangements into operation. Shelter work is continuing alongside that effort.
- Moldova is preparing protective spaces for border police, customs officers and members of the public at exposed crossings. Misail-Nichitin says further incidents could happen. Staff are also due to receive personal protective equipment, while work on the shelters continues.
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