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法国国民联盟跨过参议院党团门槛,但席位数尚无定论

国民联盟及其共和右翼联盟盟友拥有足够的参议员,能够首次在上议院组建党团。最初统计的14个席位和后来声称的15个席位仍未得到统一解释。

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三年前,法国极右翼政党国民联盟赢得了3个参议院席位。在2026年9月27日选举后,该党及其盟友、埃里克·乔蒂的共和右翼联盟(UDR)跨过了一条更具分量的界线:他们拥有了足够的参议员,首次组建议会党团。这使他们有资格在上议院的工作中定期占有一席之地,但并不意味着能够控制上议院。传统右翼和中间派保住了多数席位。17

这一突破毋庸置疑;但联盟的确切规模尚不明确。《卫报》9月28日的报道统计,在这座拥有348个席位的参议院中,国民联盟及其盟友共有14名参议员。随后,法国新闻台报道称,玛丽娜·勒庞和国民联盟—共和右翼联盟声称拥有15人。目前可查的报道中,没有经过核实的最终成员名单能够解释这两个数字为何不同。两者都超过了组建党团所需的10名参议员。114

关键事实

  1. 10组建党团所需的参议员人数 1
  2. 11新当选的国民联盟—共和右翼联盟参议员 539
  3. 14初步报道中的联盟席位数 1
  4. 15联盟后来声称的席位数 14

新当选者是11人,不是14人

本次选举赢得的席位与选举后持有的席位之间的区别,解释了最初的统计数字。法新社的一项统计被《卫报》引用,其中将9名新当选参议员列入国民联盟名下;另有2名新当选参议员属于乔蒂的共和右翼联盟。这意味着新当选者共有11人。BFMTV报道称,国民联盟已有3名参议员在任。将这3人加上11名新当选者,结果就是最初报道的14人。国民联盟在2023年选举中赢得的3个席位,是其既有代表席位的一部分,而不是今年总数之外还要再加的3个席位。1539

这笔账无法解释15这个数字。若采用后来的说法,就必须在这里统计的11名新当选者和3名继续在任的国民联盟参议员之外,再有一名成员;现有报道并未说明此人是谁,也未解释统计数字为何变化。把这14名或15名参议员全部称为“新当选”会掩盖真正重要的区别。也不应仅仅因为该党后来提出了这一说法,就把它视为经过认证的最终人数。1439

国民联盟主席若尔当·巴尔代拉宣布,该党将首次与乔蒂的共和右翼联盟盟友组建参议院党团。他的说法描述的是他们打算组建党团,并非已正式注册且拥有经过核实成员名单的党团。勒庞称这一结果是“一场历史性胜利,也是一个重大进步”,并表示结果超出预期。对于跨过门槛而言,这些庆祝之词情有可原,但两项声明都没有解答多出的席位从何而来。3114

立足点,而非多数

9月27日的投票并非由全国选民选出全部348名参议员的普选,而是一次间接选举,在64个选区改选178个席位。近93,500名选举团成员有资格投票;现有报道未能确认投票率,也未能明确选举团中地方议员的具体人数。若将结果说成法国全体选民都对国民联盟投了票,就会歪曲此次选举的规模和性质。1224

议会党团将使国民联盟和共和右翼联盟获得更多发言时间和资源,并保持持续的制度性存在,而不是让少数参议员各自行动。但这不会让他们掌控参议院。右翼、中间派和社会党仍是参议院的主要力量,传统右翼和中间派保住了多数席位。本报道无法确认选举后这些阵营经过认证的最终席位总数,因此无法负责任地在此用精确席位图概括力量对比。57

此次选举还使不屈法国首次在参议院拥有代表。报道证实该党首次获得一个席位,但没有可靠依据证明不屈法国在此有第二名参议员,或确认当选参议员的姓名。参议院议长热拉尔·拉尔歇预计将在次周面对一场领导权投票;这只是预期,并非投票结果,而且他的连任尚未得到核实。7271

因此,国民联盟眼下的收获远不及接管参议院,却比选举之夜的一条亮眼标题更为持久。在定于2027年4月举行的总统选举首轮投票前,该党及其共和右翼联盟伙伴已跨过参议院党团门槛,有望获得更多议会发言时间和资源。仍待核实的问题都很具体:党团是否已正式成立、成员有哪些、最终人数是14还是15,以及经认证的参议院席位格局如何。上述未决问题并未改变联盟已经跨过门槛这一事实。1514

播出原貌 8 行
  1. France's far-right National Rally and its ally cleared the bar for their first Senate group. That gives them a route to more speaking time and parliamentary resources, though the established right and centre still hold the majority. The alliance was initially counted at fourteen seats, then claimed fifteen. How did it cross the threshold, and what remains unresolved about its membership?
  2. The difference is one senator, and neither figure has been reconciled with a verified final membership roster. These are counts of the alliance's resulting representation in the 348-seat Senate—not numbers of senators newly elected. Both figures exceed the ten members needed to form a parliamentary group.
  3. Eleven alliance candidates were newly elected: nine from the National Rally and two from Éric Ciotti's Union of the Right for the Republic, or UDR. Three RN senators already held seats. Eleven plus three explains the initial fourteen-seat account. The RN won three seats in the 2023 Senate election, but that earlier result is background to its existing representation—not another three to add. The later claim of fifteen implies an additional member this arithmetic cannot identify.
  4. Jordan Bardella says RN senators will form a group with their UDR allies. That is an announcement of intent; formal registration and a final group roster have not been verified. Marine Le Pen called the result a historic victory and a major step, and said it exceeded expectations. Her celebration does not settle the seat count.
  5. Only 178 of the Senate's 348 seats were contested on September 27, across 64 constituencies. This was an indirect election, not a nationwide popular vote. Nearly 93,500 members of an electoral college were eligible to vote. The available account does not establish turnout or the precise number of local councillors within that college.
  6. Group status would give the RN and UDR more speaking time, parliamentary resources and a continuing institutional presence. It would not give them control of the Senate. The established right and centre retained their majority, while the Socialists remain one of the chamber's principal forces. Certified final seat totals for those blocs have not been established in this account.
  7. La France insoumise also gained its first Senate representation, with a first seat reported in the Rhône. A second LFI seat has not been reliably confirmed here, nor has the elected senator been identified in the available findings. Senate president Gérard Larcher was expected to face a leadership vote the following week; his re-election was not yet verified.
  8. The breakthrough comes ahead of the presidential election's first round, scheduled for April 2027. The answer to the threshold question is clear: eleven newly elected RN–UDR senators, together with three RN senators already in office, account for the initial fourteen—four above the minimum for a group. What remains unverified is the extra member implied by the claim of fifteen, the group's formal registration and the Senate's certified post-election balance.

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