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科学 · 鲸鱼搁浅

尽管展开救援，Ngāwi 被发现时仍活着的四头鲸鱼全部死亡

救援人员将两头领航鲸送回海中，但它们都没能活下来。据估计，约有 50 头鲸鱼搁浅在新西兰岩石海岸上；确切数量和原因仍未知。

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译自英文原文。

在新西兰 Ngāwi 岩石海岸，救援人员将两头领航鲸送回海中，但它们都没能活下来。到周四傍晚，大规模搁浅后被发现仍活着的四头鲸鱼全部死亡，救援行动也告结束。这场行动让保护工作人员、专业救援人员和当地志愿者聚集在礁石间。⁠1⁠2

据估计，约有 50 头鲸鱼在夜间搁浅于北岛最南端的 Cape Palliser 附近。它们于 2026 年 11 月 5 日星期四被发现。四头鲸鱼死亡已得到确认，但损失的总规模尚未确定。尸体散落在海岸沿线，有些在完成全面清点前就已被冲到海上。⁠1⁠2

关键事实

  1. 约 50 头估计搁浅的鲸鱼数量 12
  2. 4 头发现时仍活着；之后全部死亡 12
  3. 2 头被送回海中，但未能存活 112

救援人员努力挽救仍活着的鲸鱼时，大多数搁浅的鲸鱼已经死亡。到周四下午，救援工作集中在四头鲸鱼身上。新西兰自然保护部工作人员与 Jonah 项目救援人员、海洋动物医护人员、当地 iwi（该地区的毛利社区）和 Ngāwi 志愿者并肩工作，让鲸鱼保持湿润和凉爽，同时继续设法将它们送回海中。⁠1

这并非发生在一片开阔沙滩上的救援。崎岖海岸上的岩石包围着鲸鱼，增加了接近它们的难度。救援人员搜索了数公里海岸，而同样的地形既让他们难以接近仍活着的鲸鱼，也让他们难以确定有多少鲸鱼上岸。⁠1

随着潮水上涨，两头鲸鱼被送回海中。RNZ 在一篇归因于新西兰自然保护部的报道中记述了鲸鱼被送回海中的情况；其随后于下午 5:30 发布的更新称，发现时仍活着的四头鲸鱼全部死亡，并援引了 Jonah 项目代表 Louisa Hawkes 的说法。将两头鲸鱼送回海中是一项救援行动，并不意味着它们最终存活。⁠12⁠2

报道没有确定每头鲸鱼返回海中与死亡之间的具体先后过程。报道也不支持关于鲸鱼再次搁浅的具体说法，或对其死亡原因作出医学解释。无需补上这些缺失细节，最终结果依然明确。

为何要区分这些数字

救援期间报道的数字所指各不相同：最初的海滩清点数、死亡人数的阶段性报告，以及受影响海岸沿线的更广泛估算。若将它们视为可以互换，就会造成确定性过高的错误印象。

Euronews 报道称，居民清点出接近 50 头鲸鱼。该报道还称，新西兰自然保护部最初在两个已确认鲸群中的第一个鲸群里，于海滩上清点出约 20 头。因而，较小的数字并非对海岸沿线所有鲸鱼的最终清点，不应取代较大的估算。同样，居民的估算也不是经过独立核实的精确死亡总数。⁠1

1News 早期报道说，至少有 20 头鲸鱼受困；更新后的报道则称死亡数量至少为 30 头。这些是救援行动推进期间的阶段性数字，并非相互矛盾的最终总数。由于已有鲸尸被冲向海中，后来公布的最低数字并未确定更广泛的总数。⁠3⁠4⁠1

这一区别的重要性不只是为了让数字看起来整齐。救援人员试图挽救的四头鲸鱼已经死亡，这一点可以明确陈述。总体搁浅鲸鱼的数量，以及确切死亡数量，仍是两个不同的问题。最终统计需要将礁石间发现的鲸鱼与已不在岸上的鲸鱼一并核算。

原因仍未明

领航鲸是高度群居的动物，容易发生大规模搁浅，导致整群鲸鱼困在浅海岸水域。但这种普遍易感性并不能解释为何这群鲸鱼会在 Ngāwi 上岸。目前可见的报道尚未确定原因。⁠1

新西兰自然保护部表示，该地区自 1990 年代以来没有发生过大规模搁浅。这说明这次是当地不寻常的损失，但本身并不能证明 Ngāwi 近期出现了某种模式。紧急救援已经结束；要了解这一事件，光知道该物种容易搁浅还不够。⁠1

已知

  • 所有四头被发现时仍活着的鲸鱼都已死亡，包括被送回海中的两头。 12

未知

  • 总体死亡数量以及鲸鱼上岸的原因仍未明。

后续

  • 经过核实的数量统计以及关于原因的任何调查结果，将有助于厘清损失的规模和情况；目前尚未报道有明确日期的下一步安排。
播出原貌
  1. All four pilot whales found alive on the rocks have died. Residents estimate about 50 whales stranded along the coast, and rescuers returned two living animals to the sea before losing them. The rescue is over, but the full scale of the loss and what brought the whales ashore are still unknown.
  2. The whales came ashore overnight near Ngāwi, close to Cape Palliser at the southern tip of New Zealand's North Island. They were found on Thursday, November fifth, along a rugged coastline where rocks complicated the rescue.
  3. Most of the stranded whales had already died when rescuers worked to save the four still alive. The Department of Conservation identified two pods. By Thursday afternoon, the effort was focused on keeping those remaining animals alive and getting them back into the water.
  4. Two whales were refloated as the tide rose. But both died, along with the other two animals found alive. Project Jonah confirmed the loss of all four by Thursday evening, ending the effort to save them.
  5. Department of Conservation staff worked alongside Project Jonah rescuers and marine medics. Local iwi, the area's Māori communities, and Ngāwi volunteers also joined the response. They continued trying to save the living animals despite the deaths around them.
  6. Rocks surrounded the stranded whales along the Ngāwi coast. Rescuers searched several kilometres of shoreline, while some carcasses had already been swept out to sea. The terrain complicated both reaching the animals and counting how many had stranded.
  7. Rescuers kept the surviving whales wet and cool while efforts continued to return them to the sea. Refloating two animals was a step in that effort, but both were among the four that later died.
  8. Some bodies had disappeared offshore before rescuers could complete a count. That helps explain why the estimated total covers more animals than the first beach count, and why the different figures need to be kept separate.
  9. Residents counted about 50 whales across the affected coastline. The Department of Conservation's initial count was roughly 20 animals on the beach in the first pod. Those figures describe different areas of the stranding, and the larger number remains an estimate.
  10. Early figures put at least 20 whales in the stranding. A later count put deaths at at least 30. Those were interim numbers as the response developed. With bodies spread along the rocks and others carried offshore, nobody has given a precise final total.
  11. Pilot whales are highly social, and mass strandings can trap whole pods in shallow coastal water. The Department of Conservation said this area hadn't recorded a mass stranding since the 1990s, making the losses unusual locally.
  12. Nobody has explained why these whales came ashore at Ngāwi. Their vulnerability to mass strandings doesn't explain this particular event. All four animals found alive died, including the two returned to the water, while the overall number lost remains uncertain because some carcasses were swept out to sea.

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