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冲突 · “鹰狮”交付

乌克兰预计将于2027年初迎来首批“鹰狮”——但抵达只是第一步

预计首批抵达的是捐赠的二手“鹰狮”C/D型战斗机，而非2029年起交付的较新战机。其到货时间和投入服役的准备情况仍未确定。

文字 阅读需 5 分钟 · 17 个来源

HeyDex

原语言视频

译自英文原文。

对于面临俄罗斯袭击的乌克兰城市来说，纸面上再添一个中队，并不意味着又多了一层保护。乌克兰的美国F-16和法国“幻影”2000仍不足以全面防御其城市和基础设施。瑞典制造的“鹰狮”战斗机旨在加强防御，包括应对攻击无人机——但首批飞机到来后，仍须具备可由机组人员维护、装载武器并驾驶的条件。⁠1

总统弗拉基米尔·泽连斯基如今为这些飞机的预计到货时间设定了窗口：2027年1月或2月。据《基辅独立报》11月11日报道，他在11月10日于哥本哈根举行的新闻发布会上敦促尽快引进这些战斗机，并表示相关准备工作正在进行。⁠1

它们应该在1月至2月抵达，也可能是在2月。我们已经提出了这个问题：我们需要尽快得到它们。不过，可以这么说，相关进程已经启动。

弗拉基米尔·泽连斯基 1

这是一项预期，并非宣布已经完成移交。现有报道尚未证实瑞典也确认了1月至2月这一具体时间窗口。泽连斯基也没有说明首批将有多少架飞机抵达，或它们何时能够投入作战。⁠1⁠8

两项交易，两种时间安排

关键区别在于：一项是瑞典捐赠较旧的“鹰狮”C/D型飞机，另一项是乌克兰采购较新的“鹰狮”E型飞机。Air Data News称，预计于2027年初抵达的是二手C/D型战斗机。另有文件记载的、从2029年开始的交付安排，属于E型采购。这是两种不同的安排，并非同一批飞机的两个相互冲突的日期。⁠8⁠14

2026年5月28日，瑞典政府宣布，将从瑞典武装部队现有机队中捐赠最多16架JAS 39“鹰狮”C/D型飞机，并提供先进弹药。这一限定很重要：16架是公告中的上限，并非已确认的首批数量。政府公告没有说明这些飞机的交付日期。⁠12

瑞典武装部队的公告标题中直接写了16架，没有加上限定词。但描述这项承诺时，以政府更为审慎的措辞为依据更为妥当。这是捐赠，并非已宣布的租借；无论采用哪种表述，都不能证明所有飞机都已做好立即转让的准备。⁠12⁠13

较新机型的采购在合同方面进展更为深入。6月30日，瑞典国防物资管理局（FMV）宣布已签署协议，向乌克兰出售16架“鹰狮”E型飞机，交付将于2029年期间开始。官方措辞并未将交付起始时间缩小至2029年初。⁠14

这份已签署的订单也不同于5月宣布的意向：当时乌克兰表示有意将采购20架“鹰狮”E/F型飞机作为第一步。5月的意向与后来签订的16架E型飞机合同，代表采购流程中的不同阶段。两者不能相加后视为已最终确定的订单，现有证据也无法确定早先的意向与任何后续采购有何关系。⁠12⁠14

这一区别有助于避免对新的到货时间窗口得出误导性结论。《基辅独立报》11月11日的汇总报道在提及二手机型承诺之后，提到交付将于2029年初开始。瑞典国防物资管理局（FMV）的官方售出公告则将2029年的交付安排归于16架“鹰狮”E型。因此，不应将2027年1月至2月描述为同一批飞机提前两年交付，并将其视为已获证实。⁠1⁠14

E型采购包括支持服务和一项规模可观的培训计划。报道还指出，资金来自欧盟的乌克兰支持贷款机制，并得到英国支持。这些安排为较新机型的采购提供支持；但仅凭这些安排，无法证明捐赠的C/D型飞机已做好移交准备。⁠5⁠1

抵达不等于具备作战能力

乌克兰并非从零开始准备。瑞典国防部长帕尔·荣松5月表示，乌克兰飞行员已经开始接受瑞典战机培训，计划将在秋季扩大规模，《基辅独立报》对此作了报道。这能证明培训工作正在进行，但不能证明计划中的扩编已经完成，也不能证明一支具备作战能力的“鹰狮”部队已经准备就绪。⁠1

对早些时候的公告也应同样审慎解读。UNITED24 Media于2025年11月报道称，“鹰狮”E型飞行员和机械师培训计划于2026年初启动。这是针对较新型号的一项未来计划，并不能证明首批捐赠的C/D型飞机所需的所有培训和维护条件此后都已满足。⁠11

泽连斯基持续要求提供F-16和弹药，说明这不仅仅是交付日期的问题。他表示，乌克兰现有的许多F-16因机龄较长而经常需要维修。增加“鹰狮”并不能免去让这些飞机保持可用并配备武器的需要；这将增加另一支机队，而其实际作用取决于持续支持。⁠1

已知

  • 泽连斯基预计首批“鹰狮”将于2027年1月至2月抵达。报道称，这些是捐赠的C/D型飞机；采购的E型飞机则将于2029年开始交付。 181214

未知

  • 首批飞机的数量、确切移交日期、最终转让安排以及开始投入作战的日期，均尚未确定。

后续

  • 关注瑞典是否确认具体到货时间窗口，以及飞机、机组人员和维护支持是否已一并准备就绪。

真正有意义的检验，不是又一架承诺交付的战斗机是否出现在乌克兰的装备清单上，而是预计到货的飞机能否成为防空力量中可靠的补充。泽连斯基给出了一个近期时间窗口。剩下的步骤将决定俄罗斯飞行航线下的人们何时能够从中受益。

来源14

在此处引用的来源中，Global Defense Corp最先发布，比本报道播出早5天。 随后还有3家媒体发布。
  1. Global Defense Corp
  2. Kyiv Post
  3. Air Data News
  4. The Kyiv Independent
  5. HeyDay News

4篇早期文章作为背景资料参阅。6家媒体未注明日期：LinkedInStartFlightGlobalfmv.segovernment.seSweden Herald

按媒体查看所有来源

来自 14 家媒体的 17 个来源· 引用最多的优先

播出原貌
  1. Ukraine's Western-supplied fighters still can't fully shield its cities from Russian strikes.
  2. President Volodymyr Zelensky now expects the first Swedish-made Gripens in January or February 2027. They would strengthen air defenses already under pressure from Russian attack drones.
  3. What would arrive first, and how soon could those aircraft help defend Ukraine?
  4. Zelensky gave that arrival window in Copenhagen on November 10. Sweden plans to donate aircraft from its existing fleet, while Ukraine has also signed a deal to buy newer Gripens. Those arrangements have different delivery schedules.
  5. Zelensky has pressed for the aircraft to come as quickly as possible. His wording leaves room for the first arrivals to fall in February, and he described preparations as already underway.
  6. Zelensky said, “They should arrive in January-February, possibly in February.” He also said Ukraine had raised the need to get them quickly. Sweden hasn't confirmed that arrival window.
  7. The expected first arrivals are second-hand Gripen C/D aircraft. Those letters identify the older versions Sweden already operates. Ukraine's separate purchase covers the newer Gripen E, and its deliveries are scheduled to begin during 2029.
  8. Sweden pledged up to sixteen used C/D aircraft as a donation. Ukraine separately agreed to buy sixteen Gripen E aircraft. The 2029 delivery start belongs to that purchase. The two dates describe different aircraft arrangements.
  9. So January or February shouldn't be treated as a confirmed two-year acceleration of one shipment. The newer-aircraft contract gives a delivery start during 2029, without specifying an early-year start. Sweden's original donation announcement gave no delivery date for the C/D aircraft.
  10. Sweden's government committed to up to sixteen C/D aircraft on May 28, together with advanced ammunition. That ceiling leaves the final donation total open. The aircraft would come from the Swedish Armed Forces' current fleet.
  11. Ukraine's plans for newer Gripens also changed between the first announcement and the signed agreement. In May, Ukraine expressed an intention to purchase twenty E/F aircraft as a first step. The later contract covered sixteen E aircraft.
  12. Subscribe to this channel to follow the Gripen handover and when the aircraft can begin service.
  13. Sweden's Defence Materiel Administration announced the signed sale of sixteen Gripen E aircraft on June 30. That followed May's intention involving twenty E/F aircraft. Those figures mark different stages of the purchase process and can't be added together as finalized orders.
  14. The newer-aircraft purchase includes support services and a substantial training package. Financing involves the European Union's Ukraine Support Loan mechanism and support from the United Kingdom. Those arrangements support the E purchase; the separate C/D donation still needs its own handover preparations.
  15. Ukraine already operates American F-16s and French Mirage 2000s. But those fleets remain insufficient to fully protect cities and infrastructure. Adding Gripens is intended to strengthen that defense, including the ability to intercept Russian attack drones.
  16. Zelensky also wants more F-16s and ammunition for them. He says many of Ukraine's existing F-16s regularly need repairs because of their age. Bringing in another fighter type would leave Ukraine with the continuing task of maintaining and arming the aircraft already flying.
  17. Ukrainian pilots had already begun training on Swedish fighters by May, Swedish Defence Minister Pål Jonson said. He also announced plans to expand the program in the fall. That gave Ukraine an existing preparation effort ahead of the expected arrivals.
  18. An earlier November 2025 plan called for Gripen E pilot and mechanic training to launch in early 2026. The E purchase now includes training and support, while the first expected arrivals concern the donated C/D aircraft.
  19. Zelensky's January–February window gives Ukraine an expected arrival period. He hasn't said how many aircraft will come in the first batch. The exact handover date and when the jets and their crews can begin operational service haven't been announced.

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