司法 · 数据中心空气许可
107 万美元罚款仍未解答文兰市数据中心的空气问题
Sustain SJ 发出的联邦诉讼通知质疑空气许可、污染控制措施和公众参与程序。州政府此前的罚款并未证明目前已符合规定。
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新闻追踪第 4 天
1 篇报道48 家媒体61 个来源
新泽西州宣布对 DataOne 处以 107 万美元罚款,理由是其未经必要的州级许可安装并运行了 62 台天然气发电机。但宣布处罚并不能告诉文兰市居民,这些发电机现在是否已取得适当许可,也不能说明执法是否改变了在他们身边运行的设备情况。随着一个社区团体准备提起另一宗联邦空气污染诉讼,这些问题仍未解决。57 23 1
由 Earthjustice 代理的 Sustain SJ 于 2026 年 10 月 21 日向与该数据中心有关的四家公司发出起诉意向通知。该团体的质疑不止于州政府对发电机许可的认定:它指称缺少联邦空气许可、污染控制措施不足,且许可程序剥夺了邻居表达意见的机会。这些均为指控,并非法院认定;该通知也不是诉讼。3 1
这一区别在两个方面都很重要。州政府已经认定存在违反新泽西州法律、未取得许可便安装和运行设备的行为;这并非只是居民的指控。但这项执法行动不能证明 Sustain SJ 所称的联邦违法行为;宣布罚款也不能证明 DataOne 已缴纳罚款或已使设备符合规定。57 23
州政府命令将该场址列为坎伯兰县文兰市南林肯大道 3963 号。DataOne 正在为 Nebius Group 开发该设施,以支持人工智能业务;据报道,这与微软一项价值 170 亿美元的交易有关。这个数字指的是商业交易金额,并非经核实的文兰项目建设成本。11 1
该园区通常被描述为一个 300 兆瓦项目。这个数字体现了其据报规模,但不能证明当前用电量、计算需求或发电机输出功率。现有规格资料无法确定这个数字所指的是哪种容量。若将其视为当前运行情况的测量值,就会让读者产生证据并不支持的确定感。1 16 17
空气执法的两条路径
通知点名 DataOne Vineland LLC、DataOne USA LLC、Nebius Inc. 和 Northeast Precast LLC。通知副本还寄给了州、地区和联邦机构。各公司在土地所有权、设备所有权和运营责任方面的具体分工尚未查明;被列入通知并不能确定谁应对哪些活动承担法律责任。2 3
Sustain SJ 和 Earthjustice 指称,发电机及其他设备可能排放超过联邦限值的污染物,且必要的排放控制技术未在运行。它们还指称,场地规划批准的能源来源缺少小型污染源许可,较小型柴油或燃气设备也缺少此类许可。它们关于公众参与的主张是,许可程序应在设备开始运行前通知居民,并给予居民评论机会。1
现有通知摘录未能证实完整的技术依据:具体适用哪些联邦许可计划、各污染物的适用门槛,以及支持适用性判断的计算,均尚未核实。因此,现在就称该设施违反了某项具体的联邦大型污染源许可计划,或超过了经测量确认的联邦排放限值,还为时过早。2 1
从检查到联邦通知
此前关于州级许可的说明具体,但已过时。新泽西州环境部门 8 月表示,DataOne 既没有发电机许可,也没有提交相关申请。这描述的是当时的情况,不一定反映现状。SNJ Today 报道称,州规要求容量达到或超过 37 千瓦的发电机在施工前取得许可,并持有有效的运行证书。这是设备容量门槛,并非联邦污染限值。1
一篇 10 月 24 日的报道将「发动机是临时使用」这一说法归于 DataOne。报道没有指出是哪一家 DataOne 法律实体作出这番表态,也未证实其是否直接回应了 10 月 21 日的通知。临时使用本身并不能解决是否需要取得适用许可或是否已取得许可的问题。现有报道中,没有任何一家被点名的四家公司作出针对该通知、带有明确日期的直接回应。4 2 3
污染担忧,尚无暴露测量数据
天然气发电机可能排放二氧化碳、氮氧化物和一氧化碳。Earthjustice 指出,这些污染物与呼吸系统、心血管系统和神经系统损害有关。这一担忧值得审查,但并不能证明该设施导致了某种特定疾病:现有材料没有提供经核实的社区暴露评估、烟囱检测结果或连续排放测量数据,无法据此认定其超过了联邦标准。1 2
Earthjustice 高级副律师 Casandia Bellevue 表示,该地区已被列为《清洁空气法》下的未达标区——即未达到适用的联邦空气质量标准——并称这些发电机威胁着文兰市和坎伯兰县的居民。这是该律师的评估;此处尚未独立证实具体污染物及其未达标区类别。3
对 Sustain SJ 而言,这场争议还关乎邻居何时才获准了解项目将涉及哪些内容。Earthjustice 表示,关于发电机的信息是在规划听证会结束后通过报道才公开的。居民还曾就雨水管理计划、所述用水量和用电量之间的不一致,以及噪音问题提出异议。尽管有人反对,规划委员会仍批准了场地规划。1
自施工开始以来,整个流程一直缺乏透明度,许多社区成员因此被边缘化,我们的声音遭到忽视,作出的决定似乎完全不顾法律。
Williams 的质疑不能取代对违法行为的举证。但它确实指出了许可程序所关乎的公众利益:邻居希望在工业规模的发电开始之前发声,而不是等设备运行后才得到解释。罚款针对的是涉嫌违反规定的行为;罚款本身无法恢复此前参与决策的机会。
播出原貌 18 行
- DataOne installed and ran 62 natural-gas generators without the required state permits.
- New Jersey announced a $1.07 million penalty. Now residents are challenging the facility's federal air permits and the public's chance to weigh in before equipment starts running.
- The unresolved issue is whether enforcement has brought the generators into compliance, and what the proposed federal challenge could change.
- The facility stands on South Lincoln Avenue in Vineland, in Cumberland County, about 40 miles outside Philadelphia. Sustain SJ, a community group represented by Earthjustice, is challenging air protections for people living around the data center.
- DataOne is developing the facility for Nebius Group to support artificial-intelligence work under a reported $17 billion Microsoft deal. That figure describes the commercial deal. The project's construction cost hasn't been confirmed.
- The campus is described as a 300-megawatt project and among the East Coast's largest data centers. How much electricity it's using now isn't clear. The capacity figure doesn't tell us the current computing demand or the output of its generators.
- Sustain SJ sent its notice of intent to sue on October 21, 2026. It accuses companies associated with the facility of violating the federal Clean Air Act. As of October 24, the proposed challenge was still at the notice stage.
- The notice names DataOne Vineland and DataOne USA, along with Nebius and Northeast Precast. Copies also went to state, regional and federal agencies. The notice seeks accountability from all four companies associated with the project.
- Sustain SJ and Earthjustice allege required federal air permits are missing. They say generators and other equipment could release pollution above federal limits, and that the operator isn't running necessary emissions-control technology. They also challenge missing permits for the approved energy source and smaller diesel- or gas-powered equipment.
- The state's $1.07 million penalty covers 62 generators under New Jersey law. Sustain SJ's proposed federal case reaches further, challenging pollution controls and public participation. Those federal accusations still need to be tested in court.
- Natural-gas generators can emit carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide. The health concern involves pollutants associated with respiratory, cardiovascular and neurological harm. The groups allege potentially excessive emissions, but no measured federal emissions exceedance or facility-caused illness has been demonstrated here.
- Earthjustice attorney Casandia Bellevue says the area already fails to meet a federal air-quality standard. She argues the generators threaten residents across Vineland and Cumberland County, and says DataOne must comply with the law and answer to the surrounding community.
- State rules require a preconstruction permit and a valid operating certificate for generators with a capacity of 37 kilowatts or more. Regulators said in August that DataOne had no generator permit and hadn't applied for one. That describes the situation then.
- Regulators saw the generating equipment during a July 29 inspection. New Jersey announced its penalty on September 22. Sustain SJ sent its federal notice on October 21, extending the dispute from state generator permits to broader air-pollution protections.
- DataOne says the engines are temporary. Applicable permits are still required for temporary equipment. The state penalty also leaves a practical question: officials haven't said whether DataOne has paid it.
- Residents' objections reach back to the approval process. Earthjustice says the generators became publicly known after planning hearings. Sustain SJ had also objected to stormwater plans, inconsistencies in stated water and electricity use, and noise. The planning board approved the site plan despite residents' opposition.
- Sustain SJ board chair Matt Williams says residents were sidelined during construction and approvals. The group argues that air permitting should have included public notice and a chance to comment, giving neighbors a voice before industrial-scale power generation began.
- No filing date has been announced for the proposed federal case. The generators' current permit and operating status is still unclear. New Jersey has announced enforcement, while residents are seeking a federal ruling on the air protections and public participation they say were bypassed.
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