灾害 · 加州高潮
加州海面已经偏高。下一轮潮汐威胁着伤痕累累的海岸
清晨潮汐威胁低洼社区和已经遭侵蚀的海岸。各地警报的时刻表不同;纽波特海滩正在为8.5英尺的水面高程做准备——并非8英尺深的洪水。
原语言视频
文字实录 · 正在加载
译自英文原文。
新闻追踪第 5 天
1 篇报道33 家媒体57 个来源1 个视频
纽波特海滩的海面比预测高出18–22英寸——而下一轮清晨高潮尚未到来。该市10月22日的警报称,海水起点水位偏高,未来几天可能涌入易受洪水影响的社区。24
截至加州时间10月24日星期六晚间,针对圣迭戈县和奥兰治县的沿海洪水警报尚未生效:警报将于星期日凌晨5时开始,持续至10月29日星期四下午1时。预报人员预计会出现严重洪水,威胁低洼住宅、商家和关键基础设施,并在早晨高潮时段造成海岸侵蚀。再往北,另一项涵盖旧金山湾沿岸、蒙特雷湾和大苏尔海岸的警告已经生效。51 53 52
危险不只是潮位会很高。海水将涌向一段海岸:沙滩已经变窄,道路下方地基遭到侵蚀,此前的洪水也已冲破防线。沙子、水泵和巨石正在下一次考验到来前就位——不是在一场新近确认的灾难发生之后。1
不同海岸,不同的洪水时刻表
加州并未收到一项覆盖全州的警报。南部的警报、沿海更北部地区的警告,以及索诺马—马林地区各自的时刻表,覆盖不同地点和时段。以下时间均为太平洋夏令时间。
沿海警报适用时的注意事项
- 10月24日星期六,太平洋夏令时间上午8时5257
针对旧金山湾沿岸、蒙特雷湾和大苏尔海岸的警告开始生效。警告持续至10月29日星期四下午3时;易受影响的海岸和潮汐水道区域,地面以上可能出现最高1.9英尺的淹水。
- 10月25日星期日,太平洋夏令时间凌晨5时5153
针对圣迭戈县和奥兰治县的沿海洪水警报开始生效,持续至10月29日星期四下午1时。
- 10月25日星期日早晨1
针对洛杉矶县、文图拉县、圣巴巴拉县和圣路易斯奥比斯波县的警告开始生效,持续至星期四下午。预计会出现明显至中度的海滩侵蚀;局部地区的海水可能损坏建筑物。
- 10月26日星期一,太平洋夏令时间上午9时55
针对索诺马县和马林县冲浪区的另一项警告开始生效。警告于10月29日星期四下午3时结束,而非从星期六开始计算的时刻表。
8英尺指的是高程,不是淹水深度
纽波特海滩调整后的预测显示,最重要的高潮将出现在星期一至星期三早晨:星期一上午9:15为8.3英尺,星期二上午9:50为8.5英尺,星期三上午10:28为8.4英尺。该市称,这些数值比未计入异常偏高海洋状况的预测高1.8英尺。1
这些是水面高程,并非住宅内部将有8英尺深的积水。再往北,区别同样重要:易受影响海岸和潮汐水道旁最高1.9英尺的预测,说的是地面以上可能达到的水深。它不能与以低水位参考面为基准测得的8英尺潮位直接比较。美国国家海洋和大气管理局将潮汐基准面定义为测量高度和深度所用的参考高程。52 21
《洛杉矶时报》报道,洛杉矶、奥兰治和圣迭戈沿海地区的调整后预测为7.5–8英尺或更高,以1983–2001年的平均低水位为基准。报道指出,拉霍亚的水位可能超过8英尺。这仍是预测,并非已经确认的观测结果或经过核实的新纪录。1
《时报》还转载了联邦机构对拉霍亚的天文潮汐预测:星期日早晨6.14英尺,星期一6.44英尺,星期二6.59英尺,星期三6.55英尺,星期四6.3英尺。这些数字未计入异常偏高的海洋状况。本报道尚未独立核实完整的五日测站数据表及当地高潮时段,因此不应将这组数据误认为经过核实的观测序列。1
多种因素同时叠加。据《时报》报道,国家气象局估计,南加州水位一直比天文潮汐预测高1.25–1.75英尺。斯克里普斯研究人员莱因哈德·弗利克称,数月来水位至少比预测高半英尺。暖水会膨胀;10月22日,斯克里普斯码头的表层水温约为华氏73度,而季节平均值为66度。1
长期存在的海洋热浪,与来自东太平洋、正在形成的厄尔尼诺影响并非一回事。厄尔尼诺相关的开尔文波——一种大范围海洋扰动——也会抬高沿海水位。18.6年周期的月球交点周期和4.4年周期的月球近地点周期接近峰值,进一步推高天文潮汐。在这些直接影响背后,是与人为变暖相关的长期海平面上升:125年来,加州沿岸约上升了1英尺。这些数值都无法确定某一栋房屋的淹水深度。1
本次情况也不同于此前部分由飓风玛丽和瑞秋残余环流所带来的涌浪引发的洪水。这次预计不会出现与这些热带风暴相关的涌浪,但高潮位仍将到来。国家气象局圣迭戈气象学家菲利普·冈萨尔维斯对《时报》说:“不同的因素会促成相似的结果。”1
守护已受损的海岸
纽波特海滩的应急准备工作早于这个周末。该市正式发布的地方紧急状态公告日期为10月9日;之后的一则市府通知涉及10月26–28日的潮汐,以及启动应急行动中心。应对措施包括加固沙堤、准备水泵和潮汐阀,并在易受洪水影响的区域部署资源。27 22 1
该市敦促滨水和低洼地带居民检查海堤是否有缺口或低洼处,必要时使用沙袋或临时屏障,并考虑将车辆移至高处。约30–40辆卡车正把沙子从普拉多坝上方运往楔形海滩;侵蚀已使埋在地下的旧基础设施中的锈蚀钢筋和混凝土裸露出来。原定目标是在星期六前运送2,000立方码沙子;尚未确认是否完成。巴尔博亚岛易受影响的区域也已安装数千个沙袋。1
在长滩半岛,此前的海水损坏了住宅,并冲毁了历史悠久的木板路。据《时报》报道,该市于10月20日开始疏浚阿拉米托斯湾,并将沙子输送到半岛,在72街停车场附近增添了可见的沙滩。木板路修复工作已经开始。这些都是为恢复已经失去的防护而采取的措施,并不能证明即将到来的潮汐已经平安过去。1
道路也是薄弱环节。在水晶湾附近,海岸公路下方一处斜坡出现裂缝,导致礁石角路和尔湾湾路之间四条车道中的两条关闭;其余车道各供一个方向通行。加州交通局正在道路下方设置四英尺高的装沙屏障;下一步计划在坡脚修筑以岩石加固的支撑堆体。在穆古角附近,施工人员正在水流侵蚀一号公路路基处铺设巨石。1
据美国广播公司新闻报道,在马里布,工作人员正于预计的大潮到来前,沿着遭侵蚀的海岸线摆放岩石和巨石。另据美国广播公司第7频道10月21日的报道,海浪正在祖马海滩冲刷海岸线,并威胁西向海滩路和日落餐厅。这些报道说明当地已有脆弱状况并正在进行防护工作,而非即将到来的潮汐高潮已经造成了经测量确认的洪水。马里布适用的是洛杉矶县的警告,而非圣迭戈—奥兰治县的警报。2 34 1
对铁路通勤者而言,一项后果已经列入日程。正如HeyDay News在加州时间10月24日星期六晚间早些时候报道的那样,Metrolink计划连续五天暂停沿海线路服务。其10月22日公告称,奥兰治县线拉古纳尼格尔/米申维耶霍站至海洋城站区间将于10月26日星期一至10月30日星期五停运。橙县交通局的乘客通知称,不提供替代交通。这是特定区段停运,并非全系统停运。41 43
下一次考验将在星期日早晨到来,随后是纽波特海滩星期一至星期三的高潮。实际淹水深度、额外损失,以及拉霍亚水位是否超过8英尺,均尚未确认。感恩节、圣诞节和马丁·路德·金纪念日左右也预计会出现高潮;如果强冬季风暴恰逢这些高潮,威胁会进一步加大。目前,实际的最后期限是在清晨海水到来之前。1
播出原貌 31 行
- Ocean levels in Newport Beach are running 18 to 22 inches above predictions.
- Forecasters expect significant coastal flooding along already damaged shores, threatening low-lying homes, businesses and critical infrastructure. Morning high tides bring the immediate danger. Where will those tides put communities and coastal access most at risk?
- San Diego and Orange counties face the southern coastal flood warning, starting Sunday. Farther north, the advisory covering the San Francisco Bay shoreline, Monterey Bay and Big Sur coast has already begun. Each region has its own timetable.
- It's still Saturday evening in California. The southern warning starts at five Sunday morning and ends at one Thursday afternoon. Shoreline erosion is also expected around the morning peaks.
- Los Angeles, Ventura, Santa Barbara and San Luis Obispo counties have an advisory from Sunday morning through Thursday afternoon. Forecasters expect significant-to-moderate beach erosion, with isolated seawater damage to structures possible. Sonoma and Marin's separate surf-zone advisory starts Monday morning.
- The Bay, Monterey and Big Sur advisory runs from Saturday morning through three Thursday afternoon. Sonoma and Marin's advisory ends at the same hour Thursday. Rising water can push waves farther up beaches and cut off escape routes. Southern beaches also face high rip-current risk.
- Vulnerable northern shoreline and tidal-waterway areas could see up to 1.9 feet of water above ground. That's a forecast of local flooding depth. The much larger southern tide figures measure water elevation against a tidal reference level.
- Newport Beach has activated its emergency operations center and is reinforcing sand berms, preparing pumps and tide valves, and positioning resources in flood-prone neighborhoods. Its emergency preparations include an October 9 proclamation, well before this weekend's outlook.
- Newport Beach expects its most consequential peaks Monday through Wednesday mornings. The city's adjusted outlook gives 8.3 feet Monday, 8.5 feet Tuesday and 8.4 feet Wednesday. Those are water elevations, not eight feet of flooding inside homes.
- The city says those adjusted heights are 1.8 feet above predictions that leave out the unusually elevated ocean conditions. Its October 22 alert warned residents about the ocean already running higher than expected.
- La Jolla's astronomical morning predictions are 6.14 feet Sunday and 6.44 Monday. They reach 6.59 Tuesday, then 6.55 Wednesday and 6.3 Thursday. That sequence leaves out the unusually elevated ocean conditions that could push water levels higher.
- The adjusted outlook puts Los Angeles, Orange and San Diego coastal water levels at 7.5 to 8 feet, or higher. La Jolla could exceed 8 feet. Those elevations use an average low-water baseline from 1983 through 2001. Any record-breaking level is still a possibility, not a measured new record.
- Scripps Pier surface water reached around 77 degrees Fahrenheit this year, against an average maximum around 70. On October 22, it was around 73 degrees, compared with a seasonal average of 66. Water expands as it warms.
- Southern California ocean levels have been running 1.25 to 1.75 feet above astronomical predictions. Water has stayed at least half a foot above predictions for months. That elevated starting point leaves less room before a high tide reaches vulnerable land.
- The moon's orbit adds another contribution. We're near peaks in the 18.6-year lunar-node cycle and the 4.4-year lunar-perigee cycle. Both involve changes in the moon's orbit that affect the forces producing tides.
- A longstanding marine heat wave is separate from the developing El Niño influence arriving from the eastern Pacific. An El Niño-related Kelvin wave, a broad ocean disturbance, can also raise coastal water levels. Human-caused warming adds a longer-term background: about a foot of sea-level rise along California over 125 years.
- Earlier flooding also drew power from swells associated with the remnants of hurricanes Marie and Rachel. Those tropical-storm-related swells aren't expected this round, but the tides are expected to be higher.
- Earlier seawater tore up the Long Beach Peninsula's historic boardwalk and struck homes. Newport Beach's Balboa Peninsula endured days of flooding. Long Beach's breakwater blocks western waves, but southern waves can reach a narrow, badly damaged stretch.
- Earlier waves in Dana Point damaged homes, destroyed decks and tore through walls. Erosion at Carlsbad State Beach closed the Tamarack day-use parking lot to vehicles. At The Wedge, lost sand exposed rusted rods and concrete from old buried infrastructure. Those are existing vulnerabilities before the next tides arrive.
- Newport Beach says 30 to 40 trucks have been moving sand from above Prado Dam to The Wedge. The goal was 2,000 cubic yards by Saturday. Thousands of sandbags have also been installed in vulnerable parts of Balboa Island.
- The sand volume is a target; completion hasn't been confirmed. Residents have practical decisions to make before the morning peaks, including where to park and how to protect gaps in waterfront defenses.
- The city urges waterfront and low-lying residents to inspect seawalls for gaps or low points. It recommends sandbags or temporary barriers for vulnerable areas, and says residents should consider moving vehicles to higher ground before water arrives.
- Long Beach began dredging Alamitos Bay on October 20 and sending sand through a large hose to the Peninsula. The city says visible beach has been added beside the 72nd Place parking lot. Repairs to the damaged boardwalk have also begun.
- A cracked slope below Coast Highway near Crystal Cove has already forced road restrictions. Caltrans has secured emergency funding described as millions of dollars and is placing four-foot-tall sand-filled barriers below the road to absorb wave energy.
- Two of Coast Highway's four lanes remain closed near Crystal Cove. The remaining lanes carry one direction each. Near Point Mugu, water has undermined Highway 1, and crews are installing boulders between the road and the waves.
- The Crystal Cove southbound closure runs between Reef Point and Irvine Cove drives. The next stabilization step is a supporting mound at the slope's base, reinforced with large rocks to limit erosion and further movement.
- Malibu crews have placed rocks and boulders along an already eroded shoreline ahead of high tides. Erosion has threatened vehicle access to Point Dume Beach, locally called Westward Beach. A coastal sinkhole also threatens a home.
- On October 21, surf was washing away shoreline at Zuma Beach and threatening Westward Beach Road and the Sunset Restaurant. That existing damage adds to the local risk under the Los Angeles County advisory.
- Metrolink will suspend Orange County Line service between Laguna Niguel/Mission Viejo and Oceanside from Monday, October 26, through Friday, October 30. The rider alert says no alternative transportation will be available. That coastal segment faces a five-day interruption.
- Metrolink announced the plan October 22, so commuters already face a changed workweek before the next flooding is measured. The immediate coastal danger centers on Sunday morning's tides, followed by Newport Beach's Monday-through-Wednesday peaks. Actual flood depths and additional damage will depend on what those tides do locally.
- Still higher tides are anticipated around Thanksgiving, Christmas and Martin Luther King Jr. Day. Strong winter storms arriving during those seasonal peaks would increase the threat to a coast that has already lost protective sand and suffered infrastructure damage.
来源
57 个来源30 家媒体1 个视频1 篇通稿
来源地图
追溯本篇报道的依据。图谱展示其关联;下方链接可打开本文引用的来源。
来源图谱将在您阅读时加载。
译文更新于
修订记录
- r1首次发布。
