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冲突 · 黑海航运持续报道 · 第 1 篇，共 2 篇

玉米货船在罗马尼亚近海沉没，13名船员中2人死亡，至今无人证明是什么击中了它

Royad Mammadov号于10月5日在罗马尼亚经济区内沉没。乌克兰指责两架俄罗斯无人机所为。罗马尼亚证实了起火、沉没和死亡，但未说明起因。

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完整报道
  • 暂无标注日期的事件
  1. 第 1 次更新玉米货船在罗马尼亚近海沉没，13名船员中2人死亡，至今无人证明是什么击中了它当前位置
  2. 第 2 次更新黑海无人机袭击后11名水手失踪；保加利亚与俄罗斯特使交锋较新

10月5日（周一），Royad Mammadov号在黑海起火时，船上共有13人。11人获救生还。罗马尼亚内政部称，另外两人已经死亡12。这是整个事件中唯一在实质上无人争议的部分。从起因到死者的确切人数，其余几乎所有方面仍取决于各方相互矛盾的说法。

关键事实

  1. 13船上船员 79
  2. 2死亡人数（罗马尼亚内政部数据） 122
  3. 11获救生还船员 121

两种不太吻合的伤亡数字

乌克兰总统沃洛迪米尔·泽连斯基在格林尼治时间约12:45于X平台发文称，该船船长已遇难，另一人的下落仍在查明中，11名船员获救，其中一人受伤1。罗马尼亚的统计是两人死亡。这一差异可能只是同样两个人处于搜救的不同阶段。这是我们的推断，没有任何消息来源这样表述。

当天数字也有变化。罗马尼亚海事局的一份早期警报称，船长受伤，13名船员失踪40。该说法后来被取代。海事局发言人伊里娜·普斯卡苏对法新社表示，三名船员受伤，八人未受伤13。泽连斯基称有一人受伤。印度驻布加勒斯特大使馆随后表示，两名外国公民死亡，三名印度籍船员均平安，其中一人受伤，已在康斯坦察县医院接受治疗28。

一家阿塞拜疆媒体称死者是船长（仅称其为“Rustam”）和厨师，并称厨师的遗体随船沉没21。罗马尼亚当局尚未证实这两个名字。船员为阿塞拜疆籍和印度籍1。

罗马尼亚说了什么，没说什么

康斯坦察海上救援中心于上午11时左右通知了海岸警卫队。该船当时位于多瑙河三角洲附近、圣格奥尔基以南约30海里处5。这处于罗马尼亚专属经济区内、领海之外4。泽连斯基称这片水域为“中立”水域。这是他本人的定性。罗马尼亚拥有经济权利的区域不同于公海，也不同于罗马尼亚领土。

据报道，该船位于OMV Petrom运营的Pescăruș平台附近，该平台运营方称运行正常10。海岸警卫队船只和航空监察局的一架直升机执行了救援，直升机吊运了伤者9。

关于起因，各方说法不一。泽连斯基称这是两架俄罗斯无人机的袭击1。欧洲新闻台等媒体报道称是无人机袭击3。然而法新社报道称，罗马尼亚当局未给出起因，也没有回答是否有无人机牵涉其中的问题13。目前尚未公布任何沉船检查或调查结论。无人机之说是乌克兰的主张，被广泛转述。罗马尼亚尚未证实。

两架俄罗斯无人机在中立水域对一艘由土耳其所有、载有玉米的民用船只发动了骇人的袭击。

沃洛迪米尔·泽连斯基 18

这艘船及其周围的沉默

公开的船舶数据显示，该船为一艘普通货船，IMO编号9356969，长约139至140米，建于2006年30。它的船旗国是圣基茨和尼维斯，而非土耳其。登记船东为总部位于土耳其的MG Shipping 5 Co Ltd。阿塞拜疆媒体称其与Palmali集团有关，并称该船于2022年以一名在2020年卡拉巴赫战争中阵亡的军人的名字重新命名31。跟踪数据显示，该船载运玉米，从乌克兰伊兹梅尔驶往意大利拉文纳30。尚无官员证实这批货物或航线。

俄罗斯没有就这艘船发表评论。俄国防部当天早些时候称，已打击两艘乌克兰货船，一艘在切尔诺莫尔斯克载有军事装备，另一艘在敖德萨以南载有军用物资25。该部未点出任何船名。这些地点与Royad Mammadov号沉没的位置不同，公开信息也未将任何一项声明与该船联系起来。在有人提出证据之前，应将两者视为互不相关。

乌克兰外交部长安德里·西比加谴责此次袭击“愤世嫉俗”，并提到土耳其在黑海外交中的作用15。我们未发现土耳其或阿塞拜疆外交部就这艘船发表专门声明。印度大使馆表示正在协助本国公民28。

事实汇总起来说明了什么

有两点可以明确地说。一艘载运粮食的商船在一个北约和欧盟成员国的经济区内沉没，两名海员死亡，布加勒斯特已证实了这一点。而目前仅有的一种解释来自交战一方。泽连斯基完全有理由把这次损失说成俄罗斯的恐怖行径，而且很可能是对的。但战争一方的说法并不等于调查结论，而唯一有条件审查证据的政府却拒绝表态。

更广泛的情形为这一说法提供了一些背景，但并不能证明它。土耳其海事商会（IMEAK）表示，自战争开始以来，黑海已有226艘民用和商业船只遭到袭击，其中大部分发生在今年。这是行业机构给出的数字，我们尚未核实。俄罗斯将近期在黑海的袭击称为对乌克兰袭击其炼油厂和航运的报复。

已知

  • 该船起火并沉没，罗马尼亚报告两人死亡、11人获救。 122
  • 该船在距圣格奥尔基约30海里的南方沉没，位于罗马尼亚经济区内、领海之外。 54
  • 罗马尼亚当局尚未说明起因，也未说明是否有无人机牵涉其中。 13

未知

  • 死亡人数究竟是两人死亡，还是一人死亡、一人失踪，以及遇难者是谁。
  • 究竟是什么击中了这艘船，以及俄罗斯是否会予以证实或否认。

后续

  • 罗马尼亚方面就起因或死者身份发表的任何声明。
  • 安卡拉、巴库和新德里的回应，以及保险公司或托运商是否会改变在乌克兰粮食航线上的做法。
播出原貌 12 行
  1. A corn ship sank in the Black Sea, and two sailors are dead.
  2. The Royad Mammadov was Turkish-owned, crewed by Azerbaijani and Indian seafarers, and went down inside the economic zone of Romania, a NATO and EU member. Ukraine says two Russian drones hit it.
  3. So what actually hit the ship, and how many people did it kill?
  4. The numbers do not match. Romania's interior ministry says two people died and eleven were rescued. Ukraine's president counts one confirmed death, the captain, and one person still unaccounted for. They may describe the same two people at different stages of the search, but that is an inference, and no source states it. India's embassy in Bucharest also says two foreign nationals died.
  5. Zelensky posted at about 12:45 GMT on Monday. The words "civilian" and "neutral waters" are his own characterisation. He accused Russia of choosing terror and sinking civilian vessels, said Ukraine and third countries have proposed Black Sea de-escalation steps, and called for pressure to restore food-security shipping.
  6. The count moved during the day. An early alert from Romania's Naval Authority said the captain was injured and 13 crew were missing. That has been superseded: 13 were aboard, and 11 were pulled out alive. The Naval Authority says three crew were injured and eight unharmed, while Zelensky said one. An interior ministry helicopter winched three injured people off, and rescue vessels took the rest. India's embassy says all three Indian crew are safe, one of them injured and treated at Constanța County Hospital. Names have circulated for the dead, a captain identified only as Rustam and the cook, whose body is said to have gone down with the ship. Romania has not confirmed either.
  7. The ship went down about 30 nautical miles south of Sfântu Gheorghe, near the Danube delta. That is outside Romania's territorial waters but inside its economic zone, which is why Zelensky's "neutral waters" wording is his own. The coast guard was alerted by the Constanța rescue centre at around 11 a.m. The ship was reported near the Pescăruș platform run by OMV Petrom, and the operator says the platform kept running normally. Coast guard vessels and an aviation helicopter ran the rescue.
  8. The ship was a general cargo vessel, about 139 to 140 metres long, built in 2006 and flagged in Saint Kitts and Nevis, not Turkey. Its registered owner is a Turkey-based company, MG Shipping 5. It is tied to the Palmali group and was renamed in 2022 after an Azerbaijani serviceman killed in the Second Karabakh War. It was carrying corn from Izmail in Ukraine toward Ravenna in Italy, a cargo and route no official has confirmed.
  9. On cause, the sources split. Ukraine's government blames two Russian drones. Romania confirms the fire and the sinking but has not said what caused them, and it did not answer questions on whether a drone was involved. No wreck examination or investigation finding has been published.
  10. Russia has not commented on the Royad Mammadov. Its defence ministry said earlier on Monday that it struck two Ukrainian cargo vessels: a dry-cargo ship carrying military equipment at Chornomorsk, and another carrying military supplies south of Odesa. It named no vessel, the locations differ from where this ship sank, and nothing public links either to it. Russia has framed recent Black Sea strikes as retaliation for Ukrainian attacks on its refineries and shipping.
  11. Turkey's Chamber of Maritime Commerce counts 226 civilian and commercial vessels attacked in the Black Sea since the war began, most of them this year. Ukraine's foreign minister, Andrii Sybiha, called the strike cynical, given Turkey's role in Black Sea diplomacy. No Turkish or Azerbaijani foreign ministry statement on this ship has surfaced, and India's embassy says it is assisting its citizens.
  12. So, what hit the ship, and how many died? Romania confirms the fire, the sinking and two deaths. The drone is Ukraine's claim, and Romania has not confirmed it. Still unresolved: whether the toll is two dead or one dead and one missing, who the victims are, whether Russia will acknowledge or deny the strike, and how Turkey, Azerbaijan, India and Romania respond when a Turkish-owned ship sinks in a NATO and EU member's economic zone. It is also unclear whether the loss changes insurance or shipping behaviour on the Ukrainian grain route. The people at the centre are working seafarers from Azerbaijan and India, whose ship was carrying food.

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