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冲突 · 黑海航运持续报道 · 第 2 篇，共 2 篇

黑海无人机袭击后11名水手失踪；保加利亚与俄罗斯特使交锋

HS Dignity号沉没后，5名水手幸存；Chelsea 3号上的15人全部上岸。保加利亚与俄罗斯大使交锋，但尚未确定是谁发射了无人机。

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完整报道
  • 暂无标注日期的事件
  1. 第 1 次更新玉米货船在罗马尼亚近海沉没，13名船员中2人死亡，至今无人证明是什么击中了它
  2. 第 2 次更新黑海无人机袭击后11名水手失踪；保加利亚与俄罗斯特使交锋当前位置

自上次报道以来的变化

7 天后

当时

玉米货船在罗马尼亚近海沉没，13名船员中2人死亡，至今无人证明是什么击中了它

我们当时说尚无定论的问题

  1. 死亡人数究竟是2人，还是1人死亡、1人失踪，以及遇难者的身份。

    尚无定论

    所提供的报道未能协调此前“2人死亡”的说法与“1人死亡、1人失踪”的说法，也未确定遇难者身份。

  2. 究竟是什么击中了这艘船，以及俄罗斯是否会确认或否认相关说法。

    尚无定论

    Royad Mammadov号沉没的原因以及经核实的俄罗斯回应，仍未确定。关于保加利亚遇袭事件的声明无法解决这起独立事件的问题。

  3. 罗马尼亚方面对事故原因或死者身份的任何表态。

    尚无定论

    目前尚无新的罗马尼亚调查结论确认事故原因，也未核实死者身份。

  4. 安卡拉、巴库和新德里的回应，以及保险公司或货运方是否会改变在乌克兰粮食运输路线上采取的做法。

    尚无定论

    所要求的各国回应以及粮食运输路线的变化仍未得到核实。拉德夫称保险成本上升，且有些承运方拒绝将货物运往保加利亚港口；但这不能证明此前报道的特定航线发生了变化。 65

现在

HS Dignity号沉没后，5名水手幸存；Chelsea 3号上的15人全部上岸。保加利亚与俄罗斯大使交锋，但尚未确定是谁发射了无人机。

现已确认

  • HS Dignity号的5名幸存者和Chelsea 3号全部15名船员均已获救。

11名水手失踪。HS Dignity号在保加利亚黑海沿岸沉没，另有5人幸存；但截至10月13日最新报道发布时，搜寻仍在继续，尚未确认失踪者的下落。他们是失踪，而非已确认死亡——对等待消息的家属而言，这一区别至关重要。72

另一艘遭无人机袭击的商船Chelsea 3号没有船员伤亡：保加利亚边防警察将船上15人全部送上岸。总理鲁门·拉德夫召见俄罗斯大使埃莱奥诺拉·米特罗法诺娃，并于2026年10月13日星期二与她会面。保加利亚与俄罗斯的外交对峙已经发生，但袭击责任尚未确定。34 52

关键事实

  1. 11HS Dignity号仍失踪的水手 72
  2. 5从HS Dignity号获救的幸存者 72
  3. 15Chelsea 3号被送上岸的船员 34

袭击发生于10月12日夜间至10月13日凌晨。悬挂几内亚比绍国旗、IMO编号为9545912的普通货船HS Dignity号在克拉佩茨以东约17海里（31公里）、沙布拉地区海域沉没。当时该船正驶往罗马尼亚布勒伊拉。Maritime.bg称沉船时间约为10月12日22:00 UTC；这只是大致时间，并非经过核实的逐分钟还原。72 76

船只身份和获救人数的说法后来发生了重大变化。《索非亚环球报》10月13日的报道称，沉没的是Azov Concorde号；BBC报道的幸存者人数为1人，反映的是拉德夫最初的说法。之后的海事及保加利亚官方机构报道确认，沉船为HS Dignity号，Azov Concord号则是救援船。这些是已被后续信息取代的早期报道，并非支持程度相当的不同说法。3 1 72

悬挂圣基茨和尼维斯国旗的Azov Concord号救起4名幸存者；悬挂丹麦国旗的Skandi Asserter号又救起1人，确认获救人数为5人，失踪人数仍为11人。总统伊利亚娜·约托娃也确认沉没船只为HS Dignity号。该船船员的国籍尚未得到确凿确认；有关叙利亚和埃及水手的说法仍未证实。72

所有人均已上岸，但伤情仍未厘清

据报，3架空中无人机在比亚拉以东约18海里处击中Chelsea 3号的甲板和船侧。另一份同期报道则称其位于离岸约15海里处；目前没有准确位置可以协调这两种说法。该船为乌克兰所有，悬挂马耳他国旗，登记于敖德萨——这是三个不同属性，并不能证明该船悬挂乌克兰国旗。该船从土耳其吉雷松驶往摩尔多瓦久尔久列什蒂。36 6 150

该船的遇险信号于10月13日保加利亚当地时间01:30收到，相当于10月12日22:30 UTC。这记录的是收到报告的时间，不一定是遇袭时间。海况恶劣，船上7名乌克兰人和8名阿塞拜疆人被撤离，约于当地时间07:30抵达瓦尔纳海事站，救护车在那里等候。36 106 150

保加利亚通讯社称，巡逻艇的救援和转运行动耗时约2小时。这无法解释遇险报告与上岸之间整整6小时的间隔：具体出发时间和行动的起止范围尚未确定。34 150

医疗情况比最初简略说法所称的5人轻伤更为严重。Novinite在10月13日援引瓦尔纳大区州长马里奥·斯马尔科夫的报道说，共有6人受伤：5人轻伤，另有1人烧伤。保加利亚通讯社转述的国防部通报确认，海军医院收治了3人——两名阿塞拜疆男子，年龄分别为42岁和33岁，以及一名58岁的乌克兰人；他们均为二度烧伤。其中一人还受到轻微创伤性脑损伤。无人有生命危险。1 9 146

这些报道没有提供统一的逐人统计。不能将圣安娜医院检查后出院的5名水手与海军医院收治的3人直接相加，宣称共有8名不同患者；两者是否重叠尚未厘清。撤离人数已经确定；受伤或接受治疗的总人数以及每个人的康复情况则仍未确定。150 146

Chelsea 3号仍漂浮在水面上，据称船身略有倾斜，在圣阿塔纳修斯角附近无人驾驶、随波漂流。《索非亚环球报》最初称该船已抵达瓦尔纳，但之后的行动通报确认的是船员抵达，而非拖船作业已经完成。该船是否已抵港仍未得到确认，其当前稳定状况、打捞安排和污染情况也未确定。没有经确认的泄漏报告，并不意味着没有发生泄漏。3 156 169

怀疑并非责任的证据

拉德夫召开紧急安全委员会会议，并称最新袭击“绝对不可接受”。他还表示：“我们没有明确且确凿的证据，能够将责任归咎于任何一方。”他认为袭击结果令俄罗斯受益，且乌克兰摧毁自己的船只毫无道理；这些说法涉及动机和后果，并不能指出无人机由谁操控。1 36 52

乌克兰外交部长安德里·瑟比加指责俄罗斯。米特罗法诺娃表示，她没有从俄罗斯国防部获得相关信息，并称不排除第三方挑衅的可能。公开且确凿的证据尚未证实这项指控，也未证实这种替代解释。大使不了解相关情况，并不等于调查认定俄罗斯无责。92 52

不过，接连发生的袭击给保加利亚带来了迫在眉睫的安全问题。10月6日，空中和海上无人机在保加利亚专属经济区内、比亚拉以东约70海里处袭击了Alfa Watan号和Able号。悬挂多哥国旗的Alfa Watan号沉没；其10名船员被推定死亡。搜救人员发现救生筏、救生衣和一艘翻覆的小艇，但在搜寻暂停前未找到幸存者或遗体。29 172 116

悬挂帕劳国旗的Able号起火，但船上18人——11名土耳其水手和7名印度水手——全部获救，其中部分人受伤。不能把这些结果与HS Dignity号的11名失踪水手混为一谈。10月6日与10月13日的袭击是否出自同一肇事方或存在行动联系，也尚未得到确凿证实。26 47

10月6日，我们报道了罗马尼亚附近另一起沉船事故：载有玉米、从乌克兰驶往意大利的Royad Mammadov号沉没，据报造成2人死亡、11人获救。尽管乌克兰指称是无人机所为，事故原因仍未得到确认。保加利亚最近遭袭引发了新的紧急事态，但并未更正或证明与此前事故有关联。80 82

外交之后仍须落实保护措施

拉德夫警告称，保险费会上涨，船运公司会拒绝承运，布尔加斯炼油厂的石油供应也将面临风险。目前没有经核实的保费涨幅、运输损失总额或炼油厂供应缺口来量化这些后果。保加利亚已通知其北约和欧盟代表，并寻求协助调查无人机来源、加强空中和海上监视。65 52

拉德夫与北约秘书长马克·吕特及欧盟委员会主席乌尔苏拉·冯德莱恩通话；这两个组织均谴责了袭击。吕特称，东翼防御态势此前已得到加强，并会“视需要”调整；他并未表示已专门针对这些袭击完成新的部署。拉德夫计划与罗马尼亚和土耳其举行会谈，并打算在10月15日至16日举行的欧洲理事会会议上提出航运安全问题。这些讨论及其后续措施尚未发生。62 70 65

已知

  • HS Dignity号的5名幸存者和Chelsea 3号全部15名船员均已获救。 7234

未知

  • 11名失踪水手的命运、无人机的来源以及Chelsea 3号当前的安全状况仍未解决。

后续

  • 救援情况更新和盟国决策能否为家属带来答案，并为商船船员提供切实保护。

本报道的消息来源及背景资料

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187

播出原貌 26 行
  1. On October 6, we reported two deaths off Romania. Now drones have sunk another merchant ship. Eleven sailors are missing, and Bulgaria has summoned Russia’s ambassador after attacks on two vessels.
  2. All fifteen aboard the second ship reached shore. Bulgaria now has to find out who launched the drones and how to protect merchant crews.
  3. HS Dignity sank about seventeen nautical miles, or thirty-one kilometres, east of Krapets, in the Shabla area. The attacks happened overnight into October thirteenth. The Guinea-Bissau-flagged cargo ship was heading toward Brăila in Romania.
  4. Five sailors survived the sinking. Azov Concord recovered four, and Skandi Asserter recovered one. Radev initially announced one survivor. The rescue total has since risen to five, while eleven sailors remain missing and the search continues.
  5. Officials first named Azov Concord as the ship that sank. President Iliana Iotova later identified HS Dignity. Azov Concord helped rescue its crew. That ship flies the Saint Kitts and Nevis flag; Skandi Asserter flies Denmark’s.
  6. HS Dignity’s eleven missing sailors are still the focus of the rescue operation. Authorities haven’t confirmed their nationalities. The five survivors were recovered by two other vessels, separating the ship that sank from the ships that came to its aid.
  7. Three aerial drones hit Chelsea 3 on its deck and side, about eighteen nautical miles east of Byala. The vessel is Ukrainian-owned and registered at Odesa, but flies Malta’s flag. It stayed afloat after the strikes.
  8. Chelsea 3 was sailing from Giresun in Türkiye to Giurgiulești in Moldova. Bulgarian Border Police evacuated everyone aboard, seven Ukrainians and eight Azerbaijanis, in rough seas.
  9. All fifteen sailors reached Varna’s Maritime Station, where ambulances were waiting. Border Police described the cutter’s rescue and transport operation as taking about two hours. The crew’s evacuation was complete, while the damaged vessel remained without its crew.
  10. Chelsea 3’s distress signal arrived at one-thirty in the morning. Its crew reached shore around seven-thirty. Officials haven’t explained exactly which part of that interval the roughly two-hour operation covered. The distress time also doesn’t pinpoint when the drones struck.
  11. Three sailors were admitted to Varna’s Naval Hospital. Radev initially described five receiving help for minor injuries. Governor Mario Smarkov later counted six injured, including a sailor with burns. The Defence Ministry then gave more specific details about those hospitalized.
  12. Two hospitalized men are Azerbaijani, aged forty-two and thirty-three. The third is a fifty-eight-year-old Ukrainian. They had second-degree burns, and one also had a mild traumatic brain injury. The Defence Ministry says none has a life-threatening condition.
  13. Five lightly injured sailors were described as examined and discharged from St. Anna Hospital. Officials haven’t reconciled the patients across those updates, so the hospital admissions can’t simply be added to the earlier injury counts.
  14. Chelsea 3 was described as slightly listing and drifting near Cape St. Athanasius. An earlier announcement placed the ship in Varna, but officials have confirmed its crew’s arrival there. They haven’t confirmed that the vessel itself reached port.
  15. Rumen Radev convened an emergency Security Council meeting and called the attacks “absolutely unacceptable.” Bulgaria’s prime minister summoned Russian Ambassador Eleonora Mitrofanova and met her at the Council of Ministers. Their October thirteenth meeting lasted less than an hour.
  16. Radev says Bulgaria lacks clear and conclusive evidence identifying who launched the attacks. He argues that the outcome benefits Russia, and that Ukraine destroying its own ships makes no sense. He also says attacks on merchant shipping escalate the conflict.
  17. Ukrainian Foreign Minister Andrii Sybiha blamed Russia. Mitrofanova said she had no information from Russia’s defence ministry about the attacks. She suggested a third party might have staged a provocation. Bulgaria is seeking help investigating the drones’ origin.
  18. Alfa Watan sank in another drone attack on October sixth. Air and sea drones struck it and Able about seventy nautical miles east of Byala, inside Bulgaria’s exclusive economic zone, the offshore area where Bulgaria has economic rights.
  19. Alfa Watan’s ten crew are presumed dead. They were described as nine Syrians and one Egyptian. Searchers found rafts, life jackets and an overturned boat. The search was suspended without finding survivors or bodies.
  20. Able caught fire, but all eighteen aboard were rescued, eleven Turkish sailors and seven Indian sailors. Some were injured. Investigators haven’t shown that the October sixth and October thirteenth attacks had the same perpetrator or were part of one operation.
  21. Radev says the attacks are driving up insurance costs and prompting some carriers to refuse cargo for Bulgarian ports. He also warns of risks to oil supplies for the Burgas refinery. He hasn’t put a figure on those costs.
  22. Bulgaria informed its representatives to NATO and the European Union and sought help strengthening air and maritime surveillance and response. Both organizations condemned the attacks.
  23. Radev spoke with NATO Secretary General Mark Rutte and European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen. Bulgaria wants help finding the drones’ origin and improving its ability to detect and respond to threats against commercial ships.
  24. Rutte says NATO has already strengthened its eastern flank and will keep working with Black Sea allies. He promised continued monitoring and defence adjustments as needed. He hasn’t announced a completed new deployment specifically in response to these attacks.
  25. Radev plans shipping-safety talks with Romania and Türkiye. He intends to raise the attacks at the European Council on October fifteenth and sixteenth. Bulgaria still hasn’t identified who controlled the drones, and officials haven’t given a deadline for the investigation.
  26. The search for HS Dignity’s eleven missing sailors continues.

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