科学 · 野生动物通道
一只郊狼找到了野生动物桥,但全程穿越仍未得到证实
首只已知爬上沃利斯·安嫩伯格野生动物通道的大型哺乳动物没能走完整段路。新增土方工程现在或许能让动物通过,但真正的考验是重新建立联系。
原语言视频
译自英文原文。
在施工人员尚未完成路线连接之前,一只郊狼就找到了通往沃利斯·安嫩伯格野生动物通道的路。这对一座旨在让被101号州际公路分隔的野生动物重新连通的桥来说,是一个令人鼓舞的首次记录。但这还不能证明有大型哺乳动物已经成功穿越全程。1
据《洛杉矶时报》报道,10月28日上午6点刚过,这只动物被拍到,成为已知首个爬上阿古拉山附近这座结构的大型哺乳动物。国家公园管理局于11月4日公开了这一消息——也就是这次造访一周之后,而非事发当天。黑白照片中,郊狼朝坡上走去,几乎融入周围环境,只有一只眼睛闪着白光。1
它的旅程未能走完,因为通道当时尚未完工。这条路线由两座跨线桥组成,一座跨越高速公路,另一座跨越相邻道路,中间以一段平整坡面相连。郊狼到达时,土坡还没有垫高到足以将两者接通。据《洛杉矶时报》报道,此后施工人员迅速增铺了土方,现在大型动物或许能够走完整条路线。这项施工进展很重要:照片里出现的障碍,不一定是动物现在面临的障碍。1
因此,能够确证的里程碑范围有限,但意义重大:一只动物找到了通道入口并爬了上去。更小的动物,包括西部栅栏蜥,早已出现在通道上;郊狼并不是首个到访的野生动物。报道也没有证明有大型哺乳动物已完成全程穿越。1
对于野生动物通道基金会主席贝丝·普拉特而言,这张照片仍然是一项突破。
天哪,它已经起作用了。
普拉特曾帮助确保有人留意通道的动静。10月8日的一场新闻发布会后,她敦促国家公园管理局野生动物生物学家杰夫·西基奇将相机对准通往通道南侧的小路。此后,她每天都发短信跟进。西基奇于10月14日安装相机,拍摄阿古拉路附近的一段坡面;两周后,相机拍到了郊狼。《洛杉矶时报》11月4日的报道是这次目击及随后增铺土方细节的具体来源。1
一座桥需要的不只是访客
据《洛杉矶时报》报道,这项造价约1.14亿美元的工程计划于2026年12月2日开放,除非猛烈的冬季风暴导致施工延误。该造价是报道所述的约数,并非最终审计支出。加州交通局在2025年6月25日的公告中曾将完工时间定为2026年秋季;后续报道给出了更精确的开放目标,并不表明此前设定的12月期限已被错过。116
加州交通局称,这条通道位于洛杉矶县阿古拉山的自由峡谷路以西,是一座有植被覆盖的桥梁,连接美国101号公路两侧的开放空间。对美洲狮而言,目的不只是越过车流,而是到达其他美洲狮所在的地方。12
高速公路和开发建设限制了圣莫尼卡山脉野生动物的活动,使它们难以接触没有亲缘关系的配偶。这条通道旨在将动物与西米山脉及更远处的栖息地连接起来,同时让来自圣莫尼卡山脉以外的美洲狮进入。西基奇告诉《洛杉矶时报》,即使只有一只外来的美洲狮进入并繁殖,也可能显著改善遗传多样性。关键条件是成功繁殖,而不仅仅是在桥上拍到一只美洲狮。1
近亲繁殖的证据早在这一施工里程碑数年前就已出现。国家公园管理局在2014年1月9日的一份公告中指出,P-32是近期出生的三只幼崽之一,来自“一级近亲繁殖”。这表明亲缘关系非常近,但此处并未说明父母之间的具体关系。2020年9月,《洛杉矶时报》介绍了另一只雄性美洲狮P-81:它的尾巴有L形弯折,且只有一枚睾丸下降,这些异常与近亲繁殖有关。56
加州大学洛杉矶分校对后续研究的总结报告了生殖异常,并警告说,圣莫尼卡山脉和圣安娜山脉的美洲狮需要更高的遗传多样性,才能避免局部灭绝。这是对风险的警告,并非预言灭绝不可避免,也不是这条通道单独就能阻止灭绝的证据。8
观察通道入口之外发生的情况
科学家正准备衡量这两者之间的差别。11月3日,随着土坡连接逐渐完善,西基奇在通道本体上安装了六台相机。最终系统计划包括50多台静态照片相机和四台热成像摄像机。照片和视频将公开分享,但不会实时直播。这些更大的数量是计划中的网络规模,并不表示这些设备已被确认投入运行。1
相机只能呈现部分情况。研究人员计划通过GPS无线电追踪美洲狮、短尾猫、郊狼、鹿和灰狐,了解它们的移动路线。他们还在鹿体内植入一种名为生物记录器的小型设备,下一步计划用于美洲狮。这些设备旨在追踪体温、心率和脂肪储备,帮助科学家研究诸如动物从高速公路车流上方经过时,是否会出现可测量的应激反应等问题。1
这项工作延续了一项长期野外研究。国家公园管理局的科学家于1996年开始在自由峡谷为短尾猫和郊狼佩戴无线电项圈,并于2002年开始研究美洲狮。到2022年,该机构表示,超过25年的野生动物研究支持修建这条通道的必要性。如今,研究人员有机会研究重新连通的情况,而不只是记录彼此隔绝的状况。13
附近有动物可供观察。不到两个月内,南端附近的另一台相机拍到一只美洲狮带着两只较大的幼崽,以及另一只没有佩戴项圈的美洲狮。这些发现证实该结构周边有动物活动,但不能证明动物使用了这座桥。1
目前,这只郊狼回答了一个有限的问题:大型哺乳动物能否找到通往入口的路?更大的考验还在后面——完成全程穿越、反复使用通道、安全通过并到达另一侧,以及最终促成不同美洲狮种群之间的繁殖。这张照片是一个值得庆祝的开端,但并非这座桥建成后要实现的最终成果。
播出原貌
- A coyote climbed onto a wildlife bridge before crews finished joining its two overpasses. It's the first large mammal known to reach the Wallis Annenberg Wildlife Crossing near Agoura Hills. The route could give isolated mountain lions access to unrelated mates across the 101 Freeway. Scientists now need to learn whether animals will travel the whole route and reconnect those populations.
- The coyote reached a slope where the soil wasn't yet high enough to connect the two overpasses. One spans the freeway, and the other spans an adjacent road. The animal could climb onto the structure, but couldn't travel its entire length.
- Crews have since rapidly added soil, and larger animals may now be able to make the full journey. Mountain lions, bobcats and coyotes could all use that connection. Smaller animals, including Western fence lizards, had already appeared on the crossing. The coyote's milestone was the first known ascent by a large mammal.
- A camera installed October 14 photographed the coyote on October 28, shortly after six in the morning. Six cameras went onto the crossing November 3. The National Park Service shared the news November 4, a week after the animal's visit.
- The black-and-white photograph shows the animal heading uphill, almost blending into its surroundings, with one eye shining bright white. Beth Pratt, president of the Wildlife Crossing Fund, had pushed for that camera. After an October 8 news conference, she urged wildlife biologist Jeff Sikich to watch the southern approach, then followed up with daily texts.
- Pratt greeted the discovery by saying, “Oh my God, it's already working.” A different camera near the southern end had already recorded a mountain lion with two older kittens and another uncollared lion in less than two months. Those animals were moving nearby.
- The project has a reported cost of roughly 114 million dollars and is scheduled to open December 2, 2026. Fierce winter storms could delay that date. Caltrans's June 2025 schedule had targeted completion in fall 2026. The crossing sits in Los Angeles County, west of Liberty Canyon Road, and is designed as a vegetated connection between open spaces separated by the freeway.
- Even one incoming mountain lion that breeds could meaningfully improve genetic diversity. The crossing is intended to connect wildlife in the Santa Monica Mountains with the Simi Hills and habitat beyond, allowing lions to seek mates outside the range and others to enter.
- Freeways and development have hemmed in these animals, and close relatives have bred within the local mountain-lion population. Scientists have documented physical and reproductive abnormalities linked to inbreeding. Restoring movement could bring unrelated animals together and give their offspring a broader genetic inheritance. The need reaches beyond protecting a single animal from traffic.
- In 2014, scientists identified P-32 among three kittens resulting from close-relative breeding. In 2020, P-81 had an L-shaped tail and only one descended testicle. Researchers later documented a 93 percent abnormal sperm rate among the animals studied.
- Researchers warned that mountain lions in the Santa Monica and Santa Ana mountains need greater genetic diversity to avoid local extinction. National Park Service scientists began radio-collaring bobcats and coyotes in Liberty Canyon in 1996. Mountain-lion research followed in 2002. By 2022, more than 25 years of wildlife research had supported the case for this crossing.
- Sikich installed six cameras on the crossing as the soil connection improved. The eventual network is planned to include more than 50 still-photo cameras and four thermal video cameras. Images and video will be shared publicly, but won't be streamed live.
- GPS radio tracking will follow mountain lions, bobcats and coyotes, along with deer and gray foxes, to establish where they move. Researchers are also implanting small recording devices called biologgers in deer, with mountain lions planned next. Those devices are intended to measure body temperature, heart rate and fat reserves.
- An animal's heart rate could reveal whether crossing above freeway traffic produces a stress response. Sikich says decades spent documenting wildlife isolation have led to an opportunity to study reconnection. Tracking movement and physiology will help scientists examine what animals experience as they use the route.
- A complete large-mammal crossing still hasn't been documented. The coyote has shown that an animal can find the approach, and the December 2 opening remains weather-dependent. Scientists will watch for repeated, safe journeys beyond the bridge. For mountain lions, the genetic benefit depends on animals moving between populations and successfully reproducing.
来源10
来自 10 家媒体的 19 个来源· 引用最多的优先
nps.gov5
- First Abnormalities Linked to Inbreeding Depression - Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area (U.S. National Park Service)
- More than 25 years of wildlife research has supported the need for the Wallis Annenberg Wildlife Crossing - Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area (U.S. National Park Service)
- DNA Results Show Further Signs of Inbreeding in Local Mountain Lions - Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area (U.S. National Park Service)
- Southern California mountain lions show first reproductive effects of inbreeding, according to UCLA-led study - Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area (U.S. National Park Service)
- DNA Results from Dead Mountain Lion Highlight Need for Liberty Canyon Wildlife Tunnel - Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area (U.S. National Park Service)
Los Angeles Times — Californialatimes.com最先4
- 首次报道于
- This iconic L.A. mammal is the first to venture onto the wildlife crossing over the 101 freeway
- Deformities linked to inbreeding found in L.A. County cougar - Los Angeles Times
- World's largest wildlife crossing is on track to open this winter — unless El Niño intervenes - Los Angeles Times
- The Wallis Annenberg Wildlife Crossing to open this December - Los Angeles Times
Sustainable LA Grand Challengeucla.edu2
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