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政治 · 吉布兰辞职

吉布兰表达辞职意愿,但仍在任;议员正组织发起挑战

吉布兰在请求到法院为其教育资格辩护时,也谈到了辞职。他仍在履职,议会推动的行动仍面临重重障碍。

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译自英文原文。

在一场持续约2½小时的会面中,印尼副总统吉布兰·拉卡布明·拉卡向总统普拉博沃·苏比安托提出了两项请求:辞去职务,以及获得机会为帮助他取得任职资格的教育文件辩护。国务秘书普拉塞蒂约·哈迪称,2026年11月10日在雅加达举行的讨论体现了吉布兰辞职的意愿,而非已经完成离职。⁠1⁠2

吉布兰仍在履行职责。与此同时,议员们正在为一项可能最终导致其被免职的议会质询动议争取支持。两条路径都尚未走到决定性步骤:报道没有表明辞职已经完成、免职动议已经通过,或投票已经排期。这一区别并非程序上的咬文嚼字,而是决定印尼面临的是职位空缺,还是一位副总统一边讨论离职、一边努力保住任职资格。⁠17⁠1⁠21

有关闭门会面的说法来自普拉塞蒂约的公开讲话,而非公开发表的辞职信或官方会议记录。他说,吉布兰“表达了在涉及宪法法院和最高法院裁决的事态发展面前辞职的意愿”,并请求有机会通过国家行政法院证明其教育文件有效。⁠1

普拉塞蒂约还否认了普拉博沃阻止其副手离职的说法。这项澄清在两个方面都很重要:它削弱了总统阻拦辞职的说法,但并不能证明总统已接受一份正式辞呈。

并非如此,会议期间总统没有表达或传达任何拒绝这一意愿的意思。

普拉塞蒂约·哈迪 9

危机背后的文件

这场争议涉及任职资格,而不仅仅是有关一名政客履历的尴尬质疑。印尼选举法要求完成高中学业或取得同等学历。吉布兰曾凭高中同等学历证书登记参加2024年副总统选举;这份证书如今成为法律挑战的核心。⁠1

两项法院裁决说明了压力从何而来。10月6日,宪法法院驳回了一项质疑吉布兰任职资格的申请,但在裁决理由中表示,没有发现文件证明他完成了与高中同等学历的海外教育。根据《海峡时报》的报道,10月30日,最高法院撤销了他参选时使用的同等学历证书。这是两项不同的结果:驳回资格申请并不意味着认定所有学历凭证均有效;撤销证书本身也不是国会作出的免职决定。⁠1

吉布兰的回应是继续对文件问题提出异议。会后接受记者采访时,他称普拉博沃“对我来说就像父亲”,并表示总统就争议向他提供了建议。据《海峡时报》报道,他说:“他的建议之一是,我要继续在国家行政法院抗争……并就最高法院的裁决向最高法院提出民事复审申请。”⁠1

这说明的是他打算采取的法律路径,而不是新的法律结果。这些讲话不能证明复审申请已经提交、获受理或排期审理。请求证明文件有效,也不意味着这些文件已经得到确认,或先前裁决已被暂停。

家族关系也构成了政治背景。吉布兰的父亲是前总统佐科·维多多,《海峡时报》将有关辞职的讨论置于维多多与普拉博沃关系据报紧张的背景之下。但这一背景并不能揭示普拉博沃私下的想法,也不能说明执政派系将如何投票。无需推测两人的动机,公开记录已经呈现出一场影响重大的冲突。⁠1

签名只是第一道门槛

议会在经历为期一个月的休会后,于11月10日复会。《海峡时报》报道,议员们自11月7日起一直在传阅针对意见动议的签名表。该机制名为Hak Menyatakan Pendapat,简称HMP,即在规范印尼代议机构的MD3框架下,国会正式表达意见的权利。⁠1

有迹象显示,组织行动已超出笼统的行动要求。CNBC Indonesia报道称,繁荣正义党议员马尔达尼·阿里·塞拉分享了一张文件图片,文件标题为“Pengusul Hak Menyatakan Pendapat”。据《Media Indonesia》报道,国会主席普安·马哈拉妮承认收到几名议员提出动议的报告,并表示将在议会开会后跟进。这两则报道都不能证明国会已通过该提案,或已将案件提交宪法法院。⁠20⁠21

与之后所需的票数相比,最初的签名门槛并不高。根据《海峡时报》对流程的描述,国会580名成员中至少须有25人签名,且支持者须来自其八个派系中的不止一个。这约占全体议员的4.3%——这是启动门槛,并不代表支持人数足以罢免副总统。⁠1

25名议员最低提案人数,须来自多个派系 1
387名议员国会转交表决所需的最低出席人数 1
258–387所需赞成票数,视出席人数而定 1

出席人数条件至关重要。国会转交案件,须有全体成员至少三分之二出席,且出席者中至少三分之二赞成。如果最低限度的387人出席,258张赞成票即可达到报道所述要求。如果580人全部出席,则需要387张赞成票。这些是附带条件的计算,并非已经取得的票数。⁠1

即使国会投票成功,也不会就此结束吉布兰的任期。宪法法院必须认定存在符合条件的理由,例如严重违反法律,或不再符合继续担任职务的要求。随后,人民协商会议将作出最终免职决定;该决定须达到四分之三的法定人数,且获出席者三分之二赞成。整个程序显然远比传阅签名表复杂得多。⁠1

11月10日,在雅加达中部的国会大楼外,几个小团体敦促议员启动弹劾程序。她们的横幅上写着“#GibranOut”和“弹劾吉布兰”。梅里·萨米里表示,她协调着一个约有十几名女性的团体,她们自称“印度尼西亚女性全国联盟”;她说,该团体已在大楼外抗议21天,并收集支持吉布兰辞职或被罢免的签名。这一持续时间是她的说法;十几人的估计指的是她所在的团体,并非所有示威者。⁠1

示威让这项诉求受到关注,但不能衡量全国民意。同样,提案文件显示议会正在采取行动,却不能证明已经核实并完成跨派系的票数统计。压力确实存在;但它能否促成免职所需的票数,仍未得到证实。

下一项具有实质影响的进展,可能是正式启动辞职程序、议会程序取得有记录的进展并公布投票日程,或有关资格争议的诉讼正式立案或作出具体裁决。报道没有确定这些步骤将于何时进行。目前,吉布兰在继续工作之际讨论离职,同时寻求为其任职资格辩护;反对者认为这一资格问题本应迫使他下台。⁠1⁠17⁠21

来源17

在此处引用的来源中,CNBC Indonesia最先发布,比本报道播出早14小时。 随后还有12家媒体发布。

4家媒体未注明日期:apnews.comliterasihukum.comTempo EnglishVOI - Waktunya Merevolusi Pemberitaan

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来自 17 家媒体的 24 个来源· 引用最多的优先

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  1. Gibran wants to leave office while fighting to defend his education credentials.
  2. State Secretary Prasetyo Hadi says Indonesia's vice-president told the president he intends to resign. Gibran continues carrying out his duties, while lawmakers organize a challenge that could lead to his removal. The unresolved issue is which path moves forward first: a formal resignation, his legal challenge, or Parliament's push.
  3. Gibran Rakabuming Raka met President Prabowo Subianto for about two and a half hours. Prasetyo Hadi said Gibran raised stepping down and asked for an opportunity to prove his education documents were valid through the State Administrative Court.
  4. Prasetyo also rejected the claim that Prabowo had blocked his deputy from leaving. He said, “It is not true that during the meeting, the President expressed or conveyed any rejection of that intention.” Gibran remains in office while pursuing his response to the court decisions.
  5. Jakarta hosted both the presidential discussion and demands for parliamentary action on November 10. The morning meeting took place as Parliament returned from a month-long recess, with lawmakers preparing a formal challenge and small groups protesting outside its gates.
  6. Gibran's education documents helped qualify him for the 2024 vice-presidential election. Indonesian election law requires completion of senior high school or an equivalent qualification. The dispute therefore reaches beyond his political reputation to a requirement for holding office. Two earlier court decisions explain why that question has become urgent.
  7. The Constitutional Court dismissed an eligibility petition on October 6, but said it found no document showing equivalent overseas high-school completion. On October 30, the Supreme Court invalidated the high-school equivalency certificate Gibran used for his 2024 candidacy.
  8. Gibran says Prabowo advised him to keep fighting in the State Administrative Court and seek review of the Supreme Court ruling. He also described Prabowo as being like a father to him. Those are the legal steps he wants to pursue; he hasn't announced a new review hearing.
  9. His actual father is former president Joko Widodo. The resignation discussion comes amid reported strains between Widodo and Prabowo. Gibran's stated response, though, is to continue the credentials fight while lawmakers collect support for a separate parliamentary process.
  10. Mardani Ali Sera shared an image of documents proposing a formal motion of opinion. House Speaker Puan Maharani acknowledged receiving a report of a proposal from several members and said follow-up would come after the parliamentary session opened.
  11. Signature forms have reportedly circulated since November 7. The proposal uses the House's right to state a formal opinion, known as Hak Menyatakan Pendapat, or HMP. Indonesia's MD3 law sets the procedures. Support must cross faction lines before the proposal can advance through the House.
  12. At least 25 of the House's 580 members must sign to initiate the motion. That's about 4.3 percent of the chamber. Those signatures must come from more than one of its eight factions. Removal requires much broader support.
  13. The House referral vote requires at least two-thirds of all members to attend, and two-thirds of those present to approve. That means at least 387 members attending. With that minimum attendance, 258 yes votes would suffice. If all 580 attend, approval requires 387 votes. These are conditional thresholds.
  14. The Constitutional Court would then have to find a qualifying ground, such as a serious legal breach or lost eligibility. The People's Consultative Assembly would decide removal, requiring a three-quarters quorum and approval from two-thirds of those present.
  15. Gibran's opponents are also pressing their demands outside Parliament. Scattered demonstrations have followed the October 6 court decision. On November 10, several small groups gathered at the gates, asking lawmakers to begin impeachment. Their banners read “#GibranOut” and “Impeach Gibran”.
  16. Meri Samiri coordinated around a dozen women calling themselves the National Coalition of Indonesian Women. She said her group had protested outside Parliament for 21 days and collected signatures supporting Gibran's resignation or dismissal. They demanded integrity and competence.
  17. The next concrete step could be a formal resignation, a parliamentary advance backed across factions, or action on Gibran's planned legal challenge. He continues working as vice-president. Lawmakers haven't announced a complete cross-faction signature tally or a date for a vote.

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