科学 · 獾哈丽雅特
獾哈丽雅特获救后,围绕她的未来爆发争议
NatureScot拒绝了格雷姆·威尔逊饲养哈丽雅特的许可申请。野生动物慈善机构质疑她所接受的康复照护,但无论是申请被拒还是他们的批评,都没有解决她可以在哪里安全生活的问题。
原语言视频
译自英文原文。
格雷姆·威尔逊帮助一只病情危急的獾恢复了健康。如今,他担心把她放归野外会让救助前功尽弃——而野生动物福利慈善机构则认为,把她关在不合适的圈养环境中也算不上善待。哈丽雅特体重增加,挺过了眼前的危机。但她仍没有一个各方认可、合法的安身之处。1
NatureScot拒绝了威尔逊收养她的申请,英国野生动物康复委员会则暂停了他的会员资格。该委员会、苏格兰獾协会和獾信托认为,她本应与其他幼獾一起接受专业康复。威尔逊对她如何变得依赖人类的说法提出异议,并认为她放归后无法存活。1
这场分歧并非简单地发生在一名希望哈丽雅特活下去的救助者与愿意考虑安乐死的组织之间。双方都认为,是否人道地圈养动物,必须由动物的需求决定。他们的分歧在于,哈丽雅特的需求能否得到满足,以及在她接受照护的早期作出不同决定,是否本可以保住她重返自由的机会。
康复之后,究竟谁的说法正确?
威尔逊在苏格兰边境地区的丹霍尔姆家中经营GW Ecology,这是一家小型独立野生动物康复机构。BBC此前于2026年11月3日刊发、并于11月4日更新的报道显示,求助照料哈丽雅特的电话是在4月打来的。她当时被发现困在一个牛槽里,距离她的獾洞约300英尺,即100米。獾洞是獾使用的地下居所。确切的发现地点尚未确定;丹霍尔姆是威尔逊经营机构所在地,并非已确认的救助地点。15
他的说法是,当时这只动物急需救助。「她非常瘦,」他告诉BBC。「她需要尽快获得危重护理配方奶和食物。事情就是这样发生的。」他说,她在接下来的几周里体重增加,而且他按照康复建议刻意限制与她的接触。1
威尔逊认为,哈丽雅特在来到他这里之前就已被人工抚养。这是他辩护的关键,但这段经历尚未得到独立证实。他说,自己接手的是一只病情严重、饥饿且脱水的动物,而不是他本人使她变得亲近人类。1
他还讲述了试图将她带回獾洞的经过。据威尔逊称,哈丽雅特试图爬树,而且「惊慌失措」,于是他又把她带回家。这段经历解释了他为何担心放归,但单凭此事并不能证明有人独立评估过:经过适当康复后,她是否能够回归野外。1
慈善机构质疑的不只是威尔逊对哈丽雅特早年生活的理解。他们认为,即使幼崽已习惯与人相处,也应进入与其他幼獾一起接受的专业项目。「在那个年龄,不论她是否习惯人类,都应该接受野化康复,并与其他幼崽分组,以便在当年晚些时候放归。」BBC报道的联合声明写道。1
他们承认威尔逊出于善意,但表示他本应向信誉良好、持证且设施合适的野生动物救助中心寻求帮助。他们称哈丽雅特对人类的依赖是「令人深感悲伤的结果」,并将其归咎于不当的康复做法。这是他们的批评,并非经裁决认定威尔逊造成了她的状况。他对此提出异议。1
这就是关键分歧:威尔逊认为,哈丽雅特在获救前已显露出对人类的依赖,这说明放归或许从来就不安全。慈善机构则表示,即便他对她先前遭遇的说法属实,也不意味着永久圈养已不可避免。
圈养并不必然意味着有了避难所
这些组织通常反对永久圈养英国本土野生动物,除非情况特殊。他们认为,与其让动物一生生活在无法满足其需求的环境中,不如人道地实施安乐死。对于哈丽雅特,他们称剩余选择「极其有限」,包括安乐死,或安置在动物园或庇护所。1
但提及动物园或庇护所,并不代表他们认可这种选择。他们的声明明确质疑这样的假设:动物园或庇护所必然能满足獾的行为、社交和福利需求。他们还称哈丽雅特目前的居住安排不合适。因此,仅仅给她另找一个地方,无法回应他们的反对意见。1
「如果无法在符合人道标准的条件下圈养它,那么显然安乐死就是该走的路。」
威尔逊的立场同样有条件。他说,如果动物无法放归,但能够得到人道照料,就应该继续圈养;否则,他接受安乐死。难点在于,对哈丽雅特而言,「人道」具体意味着什么,以及由谁来确认任何拟议安排是否达到这一标准。1
因此,缺少有记录的独立评估一事十分重要。现有报道没有提供能够确定哈丽雅特放归前景的兽医评估,也没有确认有任何安置地点能够满足她的需求。无论是对某只动物的感情,还是笼统反对圈养,都无法解决这些针对个案的问题。
拒绝决定并未解决什么
威尔逊已经持有饲养无法放归蝙蝠的许可证,但这并未授权他饲养哈丽雅特。他说,自己申请了教育用途许可证,希望以她的案例说明人们不应人工抚养獾;NatureScot拒绝了申请。另一方面,康复委员会称,因威尔逊未遵守其原则,委员会暂停了他的会员资格。会员处分与许可证申请被拒是两项不同决定,二者都不等同于法院裁决。1
根据经修订的《1992年獾保护法》,獾及其洞穴受到保护。NatureScot的一般指南说明,许可证可以授权原本违法的活动,但并未说明拒绝威尔逊申请的具体理由。现有证据无法确认针对该案的决定信、决定日期、上诉时限或最终处置要求。1516
报道对威尔逊收到的指示也说得不清楚。《每日电讯报》11月4日的报道说,要么把哈丽雅特放归野外,要么送到动物园。ITV随后于11月6日报道称,NatureScot已告知他要放归她。在没有官方往来文件的情况下,不能把较早的说法视为仍允许他转移哈丽雅特,也不能据此确定具体法律条件或截止日期。212
关键在于,慈善机构讨论安乐死,表达的是福利立场,并非NatureScot下令处死哈丽雅特的证据。目前没有证据表明存在这样的命令,也没有确认最终会放归、转移或实施安乐死。
对于发现獾幼崽的人,实际的经验教训是:采取行动前先寻求建议,因为独处的幼崽未必是孤儿。獾信托建议联系有经验的野生动物救助中心、当地獾保护团体、英国皇家防止虐待动物协会(RSPCA)或苏格兰防止虐待动物协会(Scottish SPCA)。让人和狗远离,记录地点和观察到的情况,不要喂食、接触、移动动物或把它带回家。1
哈丽雅特的康复很重要。但救活一只野生动物,与让它为离开人类照护后独立生活做好准备,并不是同一项成就。仍待作出的决定,不是谁最关心她,而是她在哪里能够安全生活、这种安排能否满足她的需求,以及由谁作出并记录这项评估。
播出原貌
- Graeme Wilson nursed Harriet back to health, but three wildlife charities oppose him keeping her. NatureScot has rejected his application, and the dispute now includes whether euthanasia could be more humane than unsuitable captivity. Whether Harriet can have a safe, lawful future in human care is still unresolved.
- Wilson runs GW Ecology from his home in Denholm, in the Scottish Borders. It's a small, independent wildlife rehabilitation service. He says Harriet arrived desperately ill, hungry and dehydrated, and needed urgent feeding.
- Harriet was found in a cattle trough about 300 feet, or 100 metres, from her sett, the underground home badgers use. Wilson was called to help her in April 2026. The exact discovery site hasn't been identified. He believes someone had already hand-reared her, leaving her too familiar with people to survive in the wild.
- Wilson says Harriet needed critical care formula and food quickly. Over the following weeks, she gained weight. He says he deliberately restricted contact with her, following rehabilitation recommendations, and disputes the suggestion that he made her dependent on people.
- Wilson says he tried taking Harriet back to her sett. She attempted to climb a tree and was, in his words, “freaking out”, so he took her home again. That experience underpins his fear that release would end badly. His belief that she was hand-reared before the rescue is central to his defence.
- The British Wildlife Rehabilitation Council says it suspended Wilson's membership because he hadn't upheld its principles. NatureScot separately rejected his application to keep Harriet. The council's decision concerns professional membership; NatureScot's concerns permission to keep the animal.
- Wilson already holds a licence to keep bats that can't be released. For Harriet, he says he sought an educational licence to demonstrate why people shouldn't hand-rear badgers. Badgers and their setts are protected under the Protection of Badgers Act 1992, as amended. Licensing can authorise activities that would otherwise be unlawful.
- The charities say Harriet should have joined other young badgers in a rehabilitation programme, even if she was already used to people. Their argument directly challenges Wilson's belief that her earlier contact with humans made permanent captivity unavoidable.
- The council, Scottish Badgers and the Badger Trust acknowledge Wilson's good intentions. But they say he should have sought specialist help from a reputable, licensed rescue centre with suitable facilities. They call Harriet's dependence on humans a “deeply sad outcome” and blame improper rehabilitation practice. Wilson disputes that account of how she came to depend on people.
- Wilson argues that humane captivity could protect a badger he believes can't survive release. The charities say specialist rehabilitation with other cubs should have prepared her for freedom. They also say her current living arrangement can't meet a badger's needs.
- The charities describe Harriet's remaining options as “extremely limited”, including euthanasia or placement in a zoo or sanctuary. But they also reject the suggestion that a zoo or sanctuary automatically offers an appropriate solution. They say that overlooks badgers' behavioural, social and welfare needs. Their criticism extends beyond the address where Harriet would live.
- Wilson accepts euthanasia when humane captivity is impossible. He says an animal that can't be released should remain in captivity if its needs can be met. The dispute is over whether that can be achieved for Harriet, and how she reached this point.
- The charities generally oppose permanent captivity for native British wild animals, allowing for exceptional circumstances. They accept humane euthanasia rather than conditions that can't meet an animal's needs. Their discussion of euthanasia is a welfare position. No NatureScot order to euthanise Harriet has been announced. Both sides put welfare first, but reach different conclusions about acceptable care.
- A badger cub alone may still have its mother nearby. For an injured or unwell badger, contact experienced rescuers, a local badger group, the RSPCA or Scottish SPCA. Keep people and dogs away, note the location, and don't feed, handle, move or take it home.
- Harriet's future hasn't been settled. It isn't clear whether NatureScot requires release alone or would allow transfer to a zoo. Wilson's assessment of her release prospects hasn't been resolved by an independent veterinary assessment. The licence refusal and membership suspension leave the central welfare decision open: where Harriet can live safely, and who will assess her needs.
来源14
来自 14 家媒体的 17 个来源· 引用最多的优先
NatureScotnature.scot2
BBC Newsbbc.com1
British Wildlife Rehabilitation Councilbwrc.org.uk1
- 首次报道于
- BWRC | Ethics
Daily BB Newsdailybbnews.com1
Daily Mirrormirror.co.uk1
gov.scot最先1
NationalWorldnationalworld.com1
The Telegraphtelegraph.co.uk1
Times Now Worldtimesnowworld.com1
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