科技 · 相册同意
意大利对Meta处以€805 million罚款,并要求用户重新选择是否允许Facebook访问照片
原语言视频
译自英文原文。
自2023年以来,Facebook一直向Android用户提供建议,推荐他们发布手机中已有的照片和视频。如今,意大利隐私监管机构对这项便利功能背后的授权提出质疑:监管机构认定,允许应用访问相册,并不等于用户知情同意让应用搜寻相册内容以提供发布建议。2026年11月14日,意大利个人数据保护局(Garante)宣布对Meta Platforms Ireland Limited处以€805 million罚款,并要求为用户提供新的选择,包括已经授予访问权限的用户。12
此案涉及意大利约2000万名Android用户。其最重要的要求并非罚款金额,而是重置设置:Meta必须在60天内将建议功能设为默认关闭,并取得单独、明确的同意。旧有的系统照片访问权限并不足够。目前尚未核实Meta是否已针对现有权限落实这项变更。12
这项调查始于2025年7月,起因是博尔扎诺消费者保护中心(Centro Tutela Consumatori Utenti)提交的一份报告。意大利个人数据保护局的技术分析审查了一项意大利语名称意为“浏览Facebook时从相册获取建议”的功能。该功能会推荐手机中的照片和视频,供用户考虑发布。这是受到审查的特定功能,并非禁止使用Facebook或Android。12
一项权限,多个不同用途
监管机构认定,Facebook要求用户授予一项涵盖整个应用和多个不同功能的统一相册授权。提出授权请求前的通知使用了“启用其他功能”这一笼统说法,没有明确说明该权限也会启用基于相册的发布建议。建议功能本身当时已默认开启。12
这两项设置相互强化。宽泛授权打开了入口;预设开启的功能则提供了一种通知未充分说明的用途。意大利个人数据保护局认定,Meta在没有取得具体同意、也未向用户提供充分信息的情况下,访问了照片、视频及其元数据。12
访问范围的宽泛程度很重要,但必须谨慎描述。获得完整相册权限后,这类授权允许应用读取设备上的整个照片档案,并且通常会持续访问。据监管机构称,用户和调查人员都无法核实实际使用了哪些信息。12
这并不意味着监管机构认定所有照片都被上传、私人照片被自动发布,或手机遭到黑客入侵。权限范围足以触及整个档案,并不能证明其中每一项内容都被传输。已经确认的问题是:在没有充分说明、也没有提供具体选择的情况下访问了相册。
这项法律认定依据意大利《隐私法》第122条。该条落实欧洲《电子隐私指令》,保护存储在个人设备上的信息。意大利个人数据保护局表示,对于这项相册建议功能,即使没有信息传输到其他地方,也没有证实造成进一步损害,仍必须取得自由且知情的同意。保护从访问私人信息存储空间时就开始,而不仅是在数据离开手机之后。12
Meta质疑意大利监管机构的管辖权,主张此案应由爱尔兰监管机构处理。意大利个人数据保护局驳回了这一异议,理由是《电子隐私框架》并未规定Meta所援引的“单一窗口”机制。因此,该公司在爱尔兰设立机构,并不能使这项程序免受意大利执法管辖。12
补救措施必须覆盖现有用户
监管机构的要求不只是改写一份通用通知。Meta必须就相册建议功能单独征求同意,说明该功能的用途、会访问相册,以及如何将其关闭。默认关闭的要求明确涵盖已经授予权限的人。60天期限届满后,如果尚未完成所要求的变更,就不得在没有有效同意的情况下为用户启用该功能。12
这一覆盖范围是此案的关键。意大利个人数据保护局表示,对于尚未更新应用的用户,以及已经授予系统授权的用户,违规行为仍在持续。Meta在投诉之后所作的变更,在评估罚款时被视为对该公司有利的因素,但监管机构认为这些变更为时已晚,且仅适用于更新了应用的人。如果更新没有触及旧版安装或现有权限,就只能算部分补救。12
合规要求分为三个独立节点。Meta必须在30天内告知意大利个人数据保护局已启动哪些措施;在60天内更改同意机制和默认设置;并在90天内报告已采取的措施。最后一项报告义务不会延长设置变更的期限。12
目前还不能负责任地将这些期限换算成具体日历到期日。公告日期为11月14日,但并未说明Meta何时收到决定通知。要求提供新的选择,也不能证明符合规定的控制选项已经上线。目前尚未核实意大利Android用户可用的设置路径。
罚款并未证明什么
这不是一起关于人工智能训练的案件。Meta否认将相册内容用于此目的,相关程序也未对此进行审查。意大利个人数据保护局还表示,将另行审查一项于2026年推出、可对相册内容进行云端处理的新功能。这是对本次决定范围的界定,并非另行认定存在不当行为。12
目前尚未确认Meta针对这项处罚作出的最新回应、是否承诺或已提出上诉,以及是否已缴纳罚款。不能把监管机构的公告误认为后续所有法律或合规步骤都已尘埃落定。
实际检验标准比醒目的罚款数字更具体,也更有用:此前已向Facebook授予广泛相册访问权限的人,是否会收到一个真正独立的选择,并且只有在有效同意后才启用这项功能?命令要求实现这一结果,但目前仍缺乏证据证明这一选择已覆盖这些现有用户。
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播出原貌
- Italy fined Meta 805 million euros over Facebook's access to private phone galleries.
- The case involves about 20 million Android users, and Meta must change how it asks to use their pictures. The unresolved issue is whether that change will reach people who already gave Facebook broad access to their galleries.
- A consumer protection center in Bolzano prompted the investigation, which began in July 2025. Italy's privacy regulator, the Garante, then conducted a technical analysis of how Facebook obtained permission to draw posting suggestions from people's phones.
- The feature has been available since 2023. While someone browses Facebook, it suggests photos and videos from their phone's gallery that they might publish. The Garante announced the penalty against Meta's Irish business on November 14, 2026, alongside orders to change that feature's consent process and default setting.
- The 805 million euro penalty is approximately 887 million dollars. The regulator puts it at about 0.47 percent of Meta's worldwide turnover. It hasn't specified the turnover year or published the full calculation behind the fine.
- The Garante weighed the number of users and how long the violation lasted. It also considered a previous measure against Meta in 2019 and poor cooperation during the investigation. Meta's changes after the complaint helped reduce the penalty, but the regulator called them late and limited to people who updated the app.
- Facebook requested one gallery authorization covering the whole app and several functions with different needs. The notice used the generic phrase “enable other functions.” The Garante found that users weren't clearly told they were also agreeing to gallery-based posting suggestions.
- The suggestion feature was already switched on by default. When full gallery access is granted, that kind of permission lets the app read the entire photographic archive, generally on an ongoing basis. The regulator said users couldn't verify which information was actually being used, and its own investigators couldn't verify that either.
- The legal protection starts with access to that private store of information. For this gallery-suggestion feature, the Garante says users had to give free, informed consent even if nothing was transmitted elsewhere, and even without proof of further harm.
- Subscribe to this channel to follow whether Meta's changes reach people who already granted gallery access.
- Meta challenged the Italian regulator's authority to act, arguing that the Irish regulator should handle the case. The Garante rejected that objection. It applied Italy's Privacy Code under Europe's ePrivacy rules, which don't provide the single-regulator arrangement Meta invoked. Meta's Irish base therefore didn't remove the case from Italian enforcement.
- Meta has 30 days to report the initiatives it has begun. Within 60 days, it must obtain separate, specific consent and keep the feature off by default. It must report the measures adopted within 90 days. That later report doesn't extend the settings deadline.
- The separate request must explain what the feature does, that it accesses the gallery, and how to switch it off. Default-off must also cover people who previously granted permission. After the deadline, users without valid consent can't have the feature activated. The exact calendar deadlines aren't clear because the notification date hasn't been made public.
- Meta denies using gallery contents to train artificial intelligence, and this proceeding didn't examine that use. The Garante reserved separate checks for a new feature launched in 2026 that allows cloud processing of gallery contents. Those checks are separate from this penalty.
- The order requires a new choice for existing users as well as new ones. Whether Meta has delivered that change across existing permissions is still unclear. The regulator found that the violation continued for people who hadn't updated the app and for those who had already granted system permission. An app update alone had left some affected users outside the remedy.
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