商业 · 化石拍卖
Jodi以4730万美元成交。谁将有机会研究它?
这具Nanotyrannus骨架的成交价远超苏富比估价,而它此前曾以幼年霸王龙T. rex的身份出售。其去向以及未来的研究访问机会仍未披露。
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1 篇报道24 家媒体28 个来源
Jodi右上颌外侧融合着一颗带根牙齿。周围是一具几乎完整的头骨,保存着约50颗处于不同萌出阶段的牙齿——这是一份细节极为丰富的记录,展现了一种约6700万年前生活的掠食者。这具头骨如今归一位身份不明的买家所有。 28 1
Jodi是一具在蒙大拿州出土的Nanotyrannus骨架,于2026年10月27日在纽约苏富比拍卖行以据报含费用4730万美元的价格售出。这场拍卖确定了有人愿意为这件化石支付多少钱,却没有确定它将去往何处、研究人员能否对其进行检验,也没有确定公众是否还能再次见到它。 3 1
苏富比告诉美联社,竞拍者在约12分钟的竞价过程中,通过网络和电话参与,最终赢家的出价超过了另外五位潜在买家。此次成交使Jodi成为拍卖售出的第二昂贵恐龙骨架,仅次于那年夏天以5010万美元成交、名为Gus的霸王龙T. rex。 1
关键事实
账目口径很重要。ARTnews报道的落槌价——即手续费前的中标价——为4050万美元。仅这一金额就达到苏富比900万美元最高估价的4.5倍。将4730万美元的总价与该估价相比,倍数还会更高,但只有一方计入了费用。无需夸大比较,也足以说明这是一个惊人的结果。 3 28
苏富比的Jodi单件拍卖图录记录显示,拍卖于10月27日格林尼治标准时间下午2:13结束,不过可访问的文本没有显示最终价格。拍卖行的常规成交结果索引列出了一个未作解释的10月27日至11月7日日期范围;这一较宽泛的记录并不能推翻拍品页面记录的已完成交易,也不能推翻当天的相关报道。 28 2 3
同一批骨骼,另一种恐龙
Jodi曾以另一个名字和另一种科学身份进入市场。2023年,古董商David Aaron在伦敦弗里兹大师展上将这具骨架作为一只幼年霸王龙T. rex展出,名为Chomper,开价2000万美元,但没有售出。苏富比的来源记录显示,现任委托人于2021年购入该骨架,并明确称此前将其鉴定为幼年霸王龙是一次误鉴。 3 28
这一变化背后是一个长期存在的科学问题:Nanotyrannus究竟是一个独立的恐龙属,还是只是一只幼年霸王龙Tyrannosaurus rex?Lindsay E. Zanno和James G. Napoli的研究于2025年10月30日发表于《自然》杂志,结论认为Nanotyrannus是一个与霸王龙T. rex同时生活的独立属。现有证据无法证明Jodi本身曾在该研究中接受检验。 18 24
Nanotyrannus的体长约为成年霸王龙T. rex的一半,前肢相对较长,手爪较大,牙齿则更纤细,呈刀片状。苏富比将Jodi鉴定为Nanotyrannus cf. lancensis:其中“cf.”表示在物种层面的有限比较,并非毫无保留地归入该物种。拍卖图录根据这一个体的体型和骨骼发育情况,将其评估为成年个体。 1 28
苏富比将Jodi宣传为已知仅有的三具Nanotyrannus骨架之一。这是拍卖行对其稀有程度的说法,并非经过独立审查的统计。它的新身份与最终成交价形成鲜明组合,但并不能证明二者存在因果关系。现有证据无法说明分类修订对竞价贡献了多少。此前2000万美元的要价也不是一笔已经完成的交易,不能据此衡量卖方的回报。 3
骨架支架之下保存着什么
2019年,牧场主Jodi Pierson在蒙大拿州加菲尔德县乔丹附近的私人土地上发现了这件化石。它出自地狱溪组,并以她的名字命名。Clayton Phipps、Luke Phipps、Katie Busch、Nathan Cooper和Chris Morrow与Jodi及Kelly Pierson并肩工作,用一个野外作业季将其发掘出来。2020年播出的《恐龙猎人》前六集中出现了这次发掘。 28
拍卖图录称,这具骨架由同一只动物的约191块化石骨骼组成,而非由多个个体拼合而成。除头骨外,还有完整的骨盆和叉骨、20块手骨中的15块(包括全部四枚手爪),以及约一半极少保存下来的腹肋骨。苏富比在骨骼数量统计中不计入这些腹肋骨。正是这些细节,让Jodi不只是一具容易辨认的恐龙轮廓。 28
这个轮廓并非全部由原始化石构成。缺失部分用3D打印和雕塑复原件补齐,并安装在定制支撑架上。美联社报道称Jodi的完整度接近70%,但没有说明这一估算的方法;不应将其视为对可见支架中有多少是原始骨骼的精确测量。 28 1
还有一项经过更正的测量数据。美联社10月27日的报道称Jodi身高为6.5英尺。苏富比拍卖图录明确更正了此前的数字,称其在支架上约高9英尺6英寸。这是装架后的高度,并非对活体动物身高新作出的估算。该骨架从鼻尖到尾端长19.6英尺。 1 28
价格并不等于开放政策
寻找、挖掘和修复Jodi的工作值得肯定。苏富比科学与自然历史部门负责人Cassandra Hatton赞扬了发掘团队为理解和保护这一标本所作的努力。拍卖行也主张,私人投资为成本高昂的发掘、保护和研究工作提供资金。 1 3
一些古生物学家的异议并非认为这项工作毫无价值,而是认为具有重要科学价值的化石需要稳定的保管、可重复的研究访问机会,以及公开展出的机会——这些都是博物馆和其他机构能够提供的功能。标本对科学研究的价值,不只取决于它被多么谨慎地发掘出来;研究人员还必须能够再次接触这些材料。 1 3
苏富比出售Jodi时附带完整权利,以及证明其状况、真实性和合法所有权的文件。拍卖图录称,成交后骨架将被运离拍卖现场,买家须承担金额未说明的提取、运输和放行费用。这些是关于物品转让的具体安排。仍然缺少的,是分享其所包含证据的安排。 28
播出原貌 16 行
- An anonymous buyer paid $47.3 million for a dinosaur skeleton. The fossil, nicknamed Jodi, has become the second-most-expensive dinosaur ever sold at auction. Its scientific value reaches beyond the sale room, but who gets to study it next is still unresolved.
- Sotheby's estimated Jodi at six million to nine million dollars. The winning bid reached 40.5 million dollars before fees. With fees, the buyer's total came to 47.3 million. Even before those fees, the price was four and a half times the high estimate.
- The New York sale on October 27, 2026, took roughly twelve minutes. The winner outbid five other prospective buyers participating online and by telephone. Only Gus, a T. rex sold for 50.1 million dollars that summer, has fetched more at a dinosaur auction.
- Jodi's bones came from the Hell Creek Formation near Jordan, Montana, in Garfield County. They date to about 67 million years ago, late in the Cretaceous period. Rancher Jodi Pierson discovered them on her private land in 2019, and the skeleton carries her name.
- The team recovered Jodi over one field season. Clayton Phipps, Luke Phipps, Katie Busch, Nathan Cooper and Chris Morrow worked alongside Jodi and Kelly Pierson. Their excavation featured in the first six episodes of Dino Hunters in 2020. Before the auction, Jodi had been displayed at Sotheby's upper Manhattan headquarters since earlier in October.
- Jodi contains approximately 191 fossil bone elements from one animal. The virtually complete skull alone contains 53 bones and roughly 50 teeth at different stages of emerging. One rooted tooth is fused to the outside of the right upper jaw.
- The neck preserves six vertebrae, the back eleven, the pelvis five and the tail fifteen. There are fifteen neck ribs, twenty-five back ribs and ten bones beneath the tail called chevrons. About half the rarely preserved belly ribs also survive. Sotheby's excludes those belly ribs from its fossil-bone count.
- Jodi stands approximately nine feet six inches high on its supporting frame. Sotheby's corrected an earlier six-foot-five-inch measurement. That corrected height describes the mount. The skeleton stretches 19.6 feet from nose to tail, and missing sections use 3D-printed and sculpted restorations.
- Jodi is described as almost seventy percent complete, though there's no stated method behind that estimate. The original material includes a complete pelvis and wishbone, plus fifteen of the twenty hand bones, with all four hand claws. The right foot preserves thirteen bones, including three of its four claws.
- The thigh bone measures about thirty-three and a half inches, and the upper-arm bone about fourteen and a half. Sotheby's classifies Jodi as an adult based on size and bone development. Its sepia coloring comes from mineralization characteristic of Hell Creek fossils. The arm and shoulder material also includes a separate shoulder blade and forearm bone.
- The consignor acquired these bones in 2021. At Frieze Masters in London in 2023, dealer David Aaron offered them as Chomper, a juvenile T. rex, for twenty million dollars. They didn't sell. Sotheby's now calls that earlier identification a misidentification.
- Research published in October 2025 concluded that Nanotyrannus was a distinct genus living alongside T. rex. It was about half an adult T. rex's length, with relatively longer forelimbs, larger hand claws and slender, blade-like teeth. Jodi's scientific name includes “cf. lancensis,” marking a qualified comparison at the species level.
- Sotheby's markets Jodi as one of only three known Nanotyrannus skeletons. That rarity claim comes from the auction house. The new sale total exceeds twice the earlier asking price, but the bidding doesn't tell us how much the changed identification contributed.
- Sotheby's science and natural history head, Cassandra Hatton, praised the excavation team's work preserving Jodi and its contribution to science. Recovering and preparing fossils takes investment, and auction houses argue that private money helps pay for excavation, preservation and study.
- Some paleontologists oppose private sales of significant fossils because museums provide stable stewardship, research access and public display. The buyer's anonymity doesn't tell us which path Jodi will take. Nobody has announced where the skeleton will go or promised access for researchers or the public.
- Sotheby's offered Jodi with full rights and documents certifying its condition, authenticity and legal ownership. The skeleton will move off-site after the sale. The purchaser must cover collection, shipping and release fees, whose amounts haven't been specified.
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