灾害 · 西南部洪水
龙卷风监视预警到期,但小科罗拉多河洪水警报将持续至周六
一项新的小科罗拉多河洪水警报将持续至周六,超过周四龙卷风监视预警的截止时间。最新水位和道路重新开放情况仍未有定论。
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1 篇报道20 家媒体37 个来源
龙卷风监视预警到期后,危险还会在哪里持续?在这场西南部风暴中,之后最明确的警告涉及河流:亚利桑那州伍德拉夫至勒普一带的小科罗拉多河,一项新的洪水警报将持续至周六凌晨。周四的龙卷风监视预警已到期。这并不意味着洪水淹没的道路或河流渡口已经解除危险。29
美国国家气象局弗拉格斯塔夫办公室于山地标准时间10月23日(周五)凌晨2:50发布河流洪水警报,预定持续至山地标准时间10月24日(周六)凌晨3点。这表明该特定河段仍有洪水风险,但不代表周四受影响的每个社区仍被洪水淹没,也不是莫恩科皮溪、钦利溪或卡梅伦附近小科罗拉多河的最新水位读数。29
不同灾害,不同截止时间
水位读数能说明什么
周四早晨,洪水已经影响纳瓦霍族社区。《纳瓦霍时报》援引气象部门消息称,图巴城附近的莫恩科皮溪水位为36.38英尺,洪水警戒水位为27英尺,即高于该阈值9.38英尺。这是10月22日公布的水位计读数,并非周五的实时观测。水位计的水位是监测点的水面高度;这不意味着道路上或建筑物内的水深达36英尺。1
同一篇报道称,钦利附近的水位计读数约为3.6英尺,低于4英尺的洪水警戒水位,当时预计还会有更多降雨。卡梅伦附近的小科罗拉多河水流也报告偏高。洪水警报覆盖阿帕奇县和科科尼诺县的部分地区,包括钦利溪、莫恩科皮溪和小科罗拉多河沿岸区域。一股强劲的太平洋天气系统正给已经潮湿的地面带来阵雨和雷暴。1
这些观测显示情况并不均一:一个报告的水位计读数远高于洪水警戒水位,另一个低于阈值,其他地方的水流则偏高。不能将它们概括为该地区统一的水位。周五伍德拉夫至勒普一带的警报也没有说明这三个监测点的水位此后是上涨还是下降。最新的数值读数尚未得到确认。
道路封闭情况也需要单独确认解除
州界另一侧,周四的洪水导致新墨西哥州法明顿的常用路线中断。《三城纪事报》报道,圣胡安大道和主街封闭;法明顿警方则报告,纳瓦霍街一处排水沟溢流。圣胡安县其他地方也有低水位渡口正在通行,包括4990号道路上的渡口。警方敦促驾驶者避开被洪水淹没的道路。这些是周四影响情况的报道,并非经核实的周五道路封闭或重新开放清单。4
降雨数据也有时间范围。根据《纪事报》周四报道前24小时的数据,纳瓦霍水坝以北降雨超过1.22英寸,法明顿为1.03英寸,布卢姆菲尔德为1.01英寸,阿兹特克为0.89英寸。这只是风暴结束前的一个时点记录,并非风暴最终总降雨量。4
预报显示,圣胡安县北部还将有半英寸至1.5英寸降雨,周四下午约2点至9点出现山洪的可能性较高。该预报并未说明实际又下了多少雨。区域洪水监视预警最初被描述为持续至周四深夜;美国国家气象局后来发布的公告将截止时间定为山地夏令时间周五上午6点,这一时限也已过去。两个截止时间都不能证明某个渡口已经重新开放。4 32
龙卷风监视预警意味着什么,又不意味着什么
周四发布的第693号龙卷风监视预警覆盖13个县。亚利桑那州包括阿帕奇、科科尼诺、纳瓦霍、科奇斯、格雷厄姆、格林利和希拉县。新墨西哥州包括卡特伦、奇沃拉、格兰特、伊达尔戈、麦金利和圣胡安县。预警范围涵盖纳瓦霍族社区,并向南延伸至道格拉斯和谢拉维斯塔。纳入预警范围意味着可能形成龙卷风,并不表示所列每个地方都遭遇了龙卷风或破坏性大风。1 8
各地不同的到期时间并不矛盾:亚利桑那州的山地标准时间晚上8点,以及新墨西哥州和纳瓦霍族地区的山地夏令时间晚上9点,是同一时刻,即10月23日世界协调时03:00。美国国家气象局下午发布的更新仍保留了这一预定结束时间。目前没有经核实的延期信息,因此不应将周四的监视预警视为周五仍然有效。7 2 3
预报员曾警告,可能出现旋转雷暴,伴有直径1至2英寸的冰雹、超过60 mph的阵风,以及少数可能发生的龙卷风。一些地方预报称龙卷风发生概率较低,重点提示冰雹和大风。亚利桑那州东部面临最严重的恶劣天气威胁,预计风暴将由西向东逐渐减弱。这些是预报中的灾害,并非已观测到的影响统计。1 13
周四中午前不久,奎马多附近另有一项强雷暴警报,称可能出现60 mph阵风和25美分硬币大小的冰雹。这项针对特定风暴的警报也不能证实发生了龙卷风。风暴预报中心10月22日至23日初步报告时段内未列出龙卷风报告,但该汇总属于非正式资料,且涵盖的时段有限。最终的龙卷风认定仍未有定论。5 20
10月22日,我们报道了希伯-奥弗加德发生严重损坏和轻伤事件,事情发生在前一周三晚间,当时树木和电线杆倒下,并曾发布龙卷风警报。报道未确认发生龙卷风;周四范围更广的监视预警不能补上这一缺失的确认信息,也不得将那些伤情归因于该预警。10月23日,我们另行报道了科罗拉多州阿丘莱塔县的建筑物被洪水淹没和道路封闭情况。周五的小科罗拉多河警报涉及亚利桑那州另一处河段。1
播出原貌 19 行
- Floodwater closed roads, and a new river warning extends the danger beyond the tornado-watch deadline. The Little Colorado River warning covers the stretch from Woodruff to Leupp into early Saturday. The immediate question is where flood danger continues after the tornado-watch deadline.
- On October 22, we reported storm damage and minor injuries in Heber-Overgaard after Wednesday night's storm. On October 23, we reported flooded structures and road closures in Archuleta County, Colorado. The later river warning concerns a separate corridor in Arizona.
- Trees and utility poles came down during the Heber-Overgaard storm. A tornado warning was in effect, but officials haven't confirmed a tornado there. Those injuries belonged to Wednesday night's storm. Thursday's broader tornado watch covered a later period, while flooding affected communities across the Navajo Nation and into northwestern New Mexico.
- The Little Colorado River received a new flood warning early Friday, October 23. It covers Woodruff to Leupp and is scheduled through three Saturday morning, Mountain Standard Time. That keeps a river-flood warning on the calendar after Thursday's tornado-watch deadline.
- Moenkopi Wash had already risen well above flood stage Thursday morning. Flood warnings covered portions of Apache and Coconino counties, where water affected the wash, Chinle Creek and the Little Colorado River. A strong Pacific weather system brought widespread showers and thunderstorms onto ground that was already wet, adding to the flood concerns.
- Moenkopi Wash near Tuba City reached a reported 36.38 feet Thursday morning. Its flood stage is 27 feet, putting that reading 9.38 feet above the threshold. The figure measures the water's height at the gauge, rather than its depth across a road.
- Near Chinle, a gauge measured about 3.6 feet against a four-foot flood stage Thursday, with more rain expected. Elevated flows were also reported near Cameron on the Little Colorado River. The Apache County flood warning described Thursday was scheduled through that evening. Those readings describe Thursday's conditions.
- Floodwater also interrupted roads in Farmington. Police reported closures on San Juan Boulevard and Main Street, with a wash overflowing on Navajo Street. Elsewhere in San Juan County, low-water crossings were running, including crossings on Road 4990. Police urged drivers to avoid flooded roads.
- The rainfall figures cover the 24 hours before Thursday's account. They're a snapshot before the storm finished. The flood watch initially ran through late Thursday evening across San Juan County and much of the Four Corners. A later bulletin carried an early-Friday deadline, which has also passed.
- North of Navajo Dam received more than 1.22 inches. Farmington recorded 1.03 inches, Bloomfield 1.01 inches and Aztec 0.89 inches. These were the amounts reported Thursday for the preceding 24 hours, so they don't give the final storm totals.
- Forecasters expected another half-inch to an inch and a half in northern San Juan County Thursday. They placed the elevated flash-flood risk between about two and nine that afternoon and evening. That additional rainfall was a forecast. The measured totals don't tell us how much of it subsequently fell.
- Thursday's tornado watch covered 13 counties across Arizona and New Mexico. Arizona's seven were Apache, Coconino, Navajo, Cochise, Graham, Greenlee and Gila. The footprint reached Navajo Nation communities and extended south to places including Douglas and Sierra Vista.
- New Mexico's six counties were Catron, Cibola, Grant, Hidalgo, McKinley and San Juan. Communities included Farmington, Gallup, Grants, Zuni Pueblo, Silver City and Lordsburg. Five weather-service offices issued their local bulletins within seven minutes. Some Arizona bulletins replaced portions of an earlier severe thunderstorm watch, changing the alert coverage and the hazards people needed to prepare for.
- The watch's scheduled end was Thursday evening. The eight o'clock Arizona deadline and nine o'clock deadline in New Mexico and on the Navajo Nation referred to the same moment. That deadline has passed. The later Little Colorado River warning carries a separate expiration.
- Rotating thunderstorms were forecast to produce hail one to two inches across, gusts exceeding 60 miles an hour and a few possible tornadoes. Some local forecasts described the tornado chance as low, with hail and wind emphasized. Eastern Arizona faced the greatest severe-weather threat, with storms expected to weaken from west to east.
- A storm near Quemado received a severe thunderstorm warning shortly before noon Thursday for possible 60-mile-an-hour gusts and quarter-size hail. Flooding was also possible at Zuni Pueblo, which had flooded during the summer. The Storm Prediction Center's preliminary October 22-to-23 reporting window listed no tornado reports. A final tornado determination is still pending.
- A tornado warning means radar has detected a tornado or someone has reported one, and calls for immediate protection. Shelter in a small interior room on the lowest floor of a sturdy building, away from windows. A watch means conditions favor tornado development.
- People in vehicles, mobile homes or outdoors should reach substantial shelter when they can do so safely. Schools and workplaces should follow shelter plans and avoid large open rooms such as gymnasiums. For drivers after flooding, police advice remains direct. Avoid flooded roads.
- The later river warning keeps flood concerns in the Woodruff-to-Leupp corridor after the tornado-watch deadline. We don't yet know which affected crossings have reopened or the latest water levels at Moenkopi, Chinle and Cameron. The river warning's next scheduled checkpoint is early Saturday morning. Its expiration won't guarantee that roads are safe.
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