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政治 · 麦克菲拉米斯遗产

麦克菲拉米斯保护问题重回瓦特手中，圣水面临风险

寻求保护贝卢布拉河圣水的会员已请求默里·瓦特紧急介入。两份申请仍待处理，但撤销此前保护措施的法院裁决并未解决文化主张。

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  1. 第 1 次更新麦克菲拉米斯保护问题重回瓦特手中，圣水面临风险当前位置

对于寻求保护贝卢布拉河源头的原住民申请人而言，这片水域不仅仅是拟议金矿旁的一项资源。它是一条神圣的歌路，与维拉朱里人的文化责任和延续息息相关。他们担心，在里吉斯资源公司拟建尾矿坝、用于存放采矿废料的地点，会遭受不可逆转的破坏。此前的一项保护声明在法院被推翻后，他们如今要求联邦政府紧急采取行动。1

目前有两份紧急原住民遗产保护申请正在评估中，涉及新南威尔士州中西部布莱尼附近的麦克菲拉米斯金矿项目。联邦环境部门确认，尚未作出任何决定。这些申请再次将保护河源的问题提交给环境部长默里·瓦特；它们并不意味着已颁布新的保护令，也不代表已宣布暂停项目。1

其中一份申请由奥兰治地方原住民土地委员会的12名关切会员提出，他们是独立于委员会采取行动。澳大利亚广播公司新闻于2026年10月30日报道，这些会员当周向瓦特提交了申请。第二份申请由另一方提出，但报道未披露其详细理由和申请人身份。确切提交日期和精确申请范围尚未确定。1

我们谨请您紧急审议这份申请，并采取一切可用的合法措施，保护这些神圣水域免遭不可逆转的损害。

奥兰治地方原住民土地委员会关切会员，内容引自澳大利亚广播公司新闻报道的通信 1

会员称河源正面临「迫在眉睫的亵渎威胁」。申请称这条河是神圣的，是「生命的赐予者，也是我们族人的生命之源」。这些是申请人对文化意义和危险的陈述，并非瓦特已经作出的认定。现有报道也未证实工程已经开工，或提供即将施工的时间表。1

紧急保护是一项单独的决定

会员依据《1984年原住民和托雷斯海峡岛民遗产保护法》第9条寻求作出声明。原住民个人或群体，或代表他们行事的人，可以口头或书面申请保护指定区域，使其免受损害或亵渎。部长必须确信该区域是具有重要意义的原住民区域，且面临严重且迫切的损害或亵渎威胁。即使满足这些条件，是否作出声明仍由部长酌情决定。6

这一区别在此事中至关重要。申请人要求紧急介入；政府已确认正在评估。两者都不能证明部长已接受所称威胁，或已施加新的限制。申请的紧迫性与支持保护声明所需的证据有关联，但两者不能互相替代。

里吉斯指出，项目已通过新南威尔士州重大开发项目审批途径以及联邦《环境保护与生物多样性保护法》取得批准。该公司在回应澳大利亚广播公司时表示，这两个程序都考虑了原住民文化遗产。公司称：「我们支持通过规划程序保护原住民文化遗产，为各方提供确定性。」该回应没有提供当前工程时间表。1

该公司强调的是现有审批所带来的确定性。申请人援引的是一项独立的遗产保护权力。现在的问题不只是项目是否已获批准，而是证据是否足以支持对项目范围内某一区域采取紧急保护措施。

谁能代表河源发声？

这份独立申请也暴露出各方在协商和文化权威问题上的分歧。土地委员会的机构立场并不代表每一位成员的立场。2019年，该委员会反对项目的环境影响声明，警告称项目会对原住民文化遗产造成有害且不可逆转的影响。2023年，它从反对转为中立。该委员会还曾公开质疑有关该地区的文化主张，包括一则梦创故事。1

新申请人称，与这片土地有文化联系并承担相关责任的维拉朱里人及其他第一民族人士，没有获得有意义的机会表达意见。申请中写道：「此前，奥兰治原住民土地委员会执行层宣布立场转变时，没有征询我们，也没有询问我们的看法。」这是申请人对协商过程的说法，并非针对该委员会的既定结论。1

首席执行官安妮特·斯蒂尔预计，部门会征询土地委员会的回应。她告诉澳大利亚广播公司，委员会将听取对该地区具有文化权威的维拉朱里长者意见。委员会向其辖区内的原住民开放会籍，包括并非传统土地所有者的人士；因此她表示，文化遗产事务通常由具有文化权威的人士决定，而不是由全体会员决定。她还强调，土地委员会是民主组织，会员可以在会议上或向董事会提出关切。1

无论是会员提交的申请，还是领导层的回应，都不能被简单归结为单一且一致的原住民立场。这场争议既关乎如何保护这片土地，也关乎应由谁的知识和责任来指导保护工作。

法院没有裁定什么

此前的保护申请由维拉朱里长者尼里·雷诺兹姨妈提出，并获维拉朱里传统土地所有者中西部原住民公司支持。2024年8月，时任环境部长坦尼娅·普利伯塞克根据《第10条》作出声明，保护贝卢布拉河源头及拟建尾矿坝所在地的泉水。她认定，尾矿坝将导致原住民遗产遭受不可逆转且永久的损失，并认定河源对维拉朱里人及其蓝带蜂梦创传统具有神圣意义；该传统讲述了泉水的形成。1

该声明令项目暂缓。里吉斯称，这使计划中的露天采矿作业「不具可行性」——这是对先前声明影响的说法，并非对当前施工状态的最新说明。2026年10月14日，该公司在联邦法院成功挑战了这项声明。1

法官詹姆斯·斯特利奥斯认定，决策程序存在根本缺陷，因为官员未将蓝带蜂梦创故事的披露视为一份新申请。他的裁决没有判定文化主张是否成立、该地区是否具有重要意义，或其是否面临损害或亵渎。里吉斯曾辩称梦创故事并不存在，但法官没有认定这一传统是虚构的。1

一份支持此前决定的部门简报承认，保护措施与土地委员会的陈述和建议相悖，但同时认定，无须所有维拉朱里人达成共识。这份记录有助于解释分歧，但不能取代目前必须进行的评估：它所支持的声明已被判无效。1

已知

  • 目前有两份紧急遗产保护申请正在评估中。部门表示，尚未作出决定。 1

未知

  • 目前尚未确定决定日期、精确申请范围或当前工程时间表。第二份申请的详细理由仍未披露。

后续

  • 瓦特是否认定紧急保护测试已满足，并行使权力作出声明。

法院以程序理由撤销了此前的声明，但没有解决河源意味着什么，也没有裁定是否应予保护。对申请人而言，核心担忧依然存在：他们认为一处对文化生活至关重要的地方可能遭受损害，而任何后续决定都无法挽回。瓦特现在必须根据紧急保护测试评估这一声称的危险。1

播出原貌 24 行
  1. Twelve land council members have asked the government to protect river headwaters from a gold project.
  2. They say the Belubula River's sacred waters face irreversible harm. An earlier protection declaration has already fallen in court, putting the future of protection for the headwaters back before the federal government.
  3. Will the environment minister use his emergency powers to protect the area?
  4. The McPhillamys Gold Project is near Blayney, in central west New South Wales. The dispute centres on the Belubula River headwaters and springs, where Regis Resources proposed a tailings dam to hold mining waste.
  5. A dozen concerned members of the Orange Local Aboriginal Land Council submitted their request this week, acting independently of the council. They addressed it to federal Environment Minister Murray Watt. A different party has lodged a second application.
  6. The federal environment department says both applications are under assessment and no decision has been made. The members want emergency protection for part of the project area. The second application comes from a different party, whose detailed grounds haven't been disclosed.
  7. The members describe the headwaters as facing an “imminent threat of desecration”. They urge Watt to take all available lawful steps to protect what they call the Sacred Waters from irreversible harm.
  8. Their application calls the river a Sacred Songline of particular significance to the Wiradjuri people. They describe it as the giver of life and the lifeblood of their people, connecting protection of the water with cultural responsibilities and continuity.
  9. They are seeking a declaration under Section 9 of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Heritage Protection Act. That gives the minister an emergency protection power. The minister must decide whether the evidence meets the legal test.
  10. An Aboriginal person or group can apply orally or in writing. The minister must be satisfied the area is culturally significant and faces a serious and immediate threat of injury or desecration. Even then, making a declaration is discretionary.
  11. The members' submission also challenges who has been heard. They say Wiradjuri and other First Nations people with cultural connections to the country weren't given a meaningful opportunity to express their views.
  12. Council chief executive Annette Steele expects the department to seek the council's response. She says senior Wiradjuri elders with cultural authority for the area will guide it. Council membership is open to Aboriginal people within its boundaries, including people who aren't traditional owners.
  13. Steele says cultural heritage matters are typically decided by people with cultural authority. She also says members can raise concerns at meetings or with the board, describing land councils as democratic organisations.
  14. The council objected to the project's environmental impact statement in 2019, warning of detrimental and irreversible harm to Aboriginal cultural heritage. In 2023, it changed its position to neutral. It has also questioned cultural claims about the area, including a Dreaming story.
  15. The new applicants say they weren't consulted or asked for their views when the council's executive changed that position. Their complaint puts consultation and cultural authority at the centre of the dispute within the community.
  16. Wiradyuri elder Aunty Nyree Reynolds made the original protection application, supported by the Wiradyuri Traditional Owners Central West Aboriginal Corporation. Former environment minister Tanya Plibersek then protected the headwaters and springs through a Section 10 declaration in August 2024.
  17. Plibersek found the proposed waste dam would cause irreversible and permanent loss to Aboriginal heritage. She found the headwaters sacred to the Wiradjuri people and their Blue Banded Bee Dreaming Tradition, which describes how the springs formed.
  18. The August 2024 declaration had put the project on hold. Regis said it made the planned open-cut operation “not viable”. On October 14, 2026, the company successfully challenged the declaration in the Federal Court over a failure in the decision-making process.
  19. A departmental brief for the earlier decision acknowledged that protection ran against the land council's advice. It concluded that a consensus among all Wiradjuri people wasn't necessary. But the handling of new information about the Dreaming story undermined the declaration's legality.
  20. Justice James Stellios found that officials should have treated the revelation of the Blue Banded Bee Dreaming story as a new application. His ruling left the merits of the cultural claim, the area's significance and the threat to it undecided.
  21. Regis had argued in court that the Dreaming story didn't exist and questioned why it hadn't appeared in the initial application. The judge made no finding that the tradition was invented. The company's argument remains its position in that case.
  22. Regis says the project already has New South Wales and federal environmental approvals, and both processes considered Aboriginal cultural heritage. The members are asking the government to exercise its separate emergency heritage powers over an area they say needs urgent protection.
  23. The company says it supports Aboriginal cultural heritage protection through a planning process that gives certainty to all parties. Its warning that the project was unviable concerned the earlier declaration; it hasn't supplied a current works timetable in this response.
  24. Watt now faces the decision on emergency protection. He must assess cultural significance and the claimed immediate threat before deciding whether to make a declaration. The department hasn't announced a decision date.

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