商业 · 德国工厂投资持续报道 · 第 1 篇,共 2 篇
梅赛德斯冻结德国投资,关闭工厂警告转为具体审查
原语言视频
译自英文原文。
梅赛德斯-奔驰正面临销量疲软、利润受挤压以及德国工厂成本高企等困境,如今局面已从发出警告转为董事会层面的决定:暂停在德国厂区的进一步投资。这项暂停于2026年11月12日宣布,此前首席生产官迈克尔·席贝警告称,如果成本不降,两家德国工厂将不得不关闭。管理层目前正在更详细地评估可能关闭工厂的方案——但尚未宣布任何一家具体工厂将关闭。13
这一区别很重要。当前的决定是暂缓在梅赛德斯德国各厂区的未来支出,同时由管理层评估哪些厂区能够负担得起继续运营。这一决定的范围比针对单一工厂的威胁更广,但它并非全球投资冻结、已确认的裁员计划,也不是车辆生产已经停止的公告。13
“共同”一词赋予了这项公告分量。这已不再只是生产高管对成本持续过高时可能发生情况的警告。执行董事会已经作出投资决定,并明确将德国厂区的未来列入审查范围。
我们都希望不惜一切代价避免关闭工厂。但遗憾的是,我们现在必须更具体地推进这一选项。
梅赛德斯管理委员会成员泽格尔在公司内部网的一次采访中发表了上述言论。她说,公司“被迫以具体而详细的方式审视,在德国哪些厂区仍是我们负担得起的”。她表示希望避免关闭工厂,但这并不意味着承诺所有厂区都会保留;同样,审查关闭方案也不等于已下令关闭。13
没有明确终点的临时暂停
对工人而言,这留下了两种不同的不确定性:他们所在厂区目前会获得多少支出,以及这些厂区是否有长期前景。投资决定已经成为现实;它对各家工厂和员工的影响仍未明确。
成本论据需要审视
德国之声的报道中有一项引人注目的比较:德国劳动力成本有时高达东欧工厂的五倍,同时东欧的行政管理成本较低。但报道没有说明这一数字由谁提出,也未提供其计算依据。现有证据没有指出对比涉及哪些国家和工厂、衡量时段、纳入了哪些用工成本项目,或是否进行了生产率调整。13
因此,这一倍数是报道中的说法,而不是对德国工人效率经过独立核实后得出的结论。缺少上述定义,就无法据此判断梅赛德斯的投资困境有多少应归因于劳动力成本,也无法确定员工作出特定让步会在多大程度上改变董事会的决定。
劳动力成本并非公司的唯一压力来源。中国市场历来约占梅赛德斯乘用车销量的三分之一,如今对外国豪华品牌的吸引力有所减弱。据德国之声报道,梅赛德斯2025年在华销量下降约19%。报道还援引公司估算称,当年美国关税使其利润减少约€1 billion。13
梅赛德斯在电动汽车领域投入巨资,但欧洲和北美的需求增长速度低于制造商预期,价格更低的中国电动汽车进口产品也加剧了竞争。这些压力有助于解释成本争议为何如此迫切。但仅凭这些因素,无法证明关闭某家德国工厂是必要的,也无法证明其员工让步就足以让工厂继续运营。13
未知
- 此前已承诺的支出如何处理、重启投资的条件、具体的关闭目标,以及可能受影响的岗位数量,仍未解决。
后续
- 关注公司或员工代表是否会作出澄清,将董事会的广泛决定与具体支出、厂区及员工影响联系起来。
董事会采取了一项影响重大的举措,却没有披露何种条件可以推翻这一决定。在这些条件明朗之前,最清楚也最重要的说法是:梅赛德斯已冻结在德国的进一步投资,同时评估可能关闭工厂的方案——但尚未宣布将关闭哪些工厂,或是否会关闭任何工厂。
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播出原貌
- Mercedes-Benz has frozen further investment across its German sites while weighing factory closures.
- The decision withholds future spending while management examines which locations it can afford to keep. Workers face that review as the company struggles with falling sales and profits.
- What would restart investment, and how far will Mercedes take the closure review?
- The freeze covers Mercedes-Benz's German locations. The executive board announced the decision on November twelfth, describing the halt as temporary. It reaches beyond any single factory and puts further investment across those sites on hold.
- Chief production officer Michael Schiebe says current cost structures make investment in Germany unviable. His message turns an earlier warning about factory costs into a collective board decision.
- Schiebe wrote, “The executive board has jointly decided to halt all further investments in German sites.” The full board is behind that decision. Its wording leaves workers waiting to learn how Mercedes will handle spending already committed.
- Schiebe had already warned that two German plants would have to close unless costs came down. The new decision adds an investment freeze while management examines closures more closely.
- Board member Britta Seeger said, “We all want to avoid plant closures at all costs.” She immediately added, “Unfortunately, however, we must now pursue this option in more concrete terms.” Her stated wish to keep plants open comes alongside an active review.
- Seeger says Mercedes must examine, in concrete detail, which German sites it can still afford to maintain. That puts the future of individual locations into the dispute between management and employee representatives over costs.
- German labour costs are reportedly sometimes up to five times those at Eastern European plants, where administrative costs are also lower. The calculation behind that comparison hasn't been explained, including how it accounts for productivity.
- That figure can't show how much a particular concession from workers would change the investment decision. The works council and the IG Metall union have been resisting management's cost demands. Freezing spending increases the pressure by linking those demands to the future of German locations.
- Subscribe to this channel to follow which sites Mercedes reviews and what the freeze means for workers.
- Sindelfingen, Rastatt and Bremen are German assembly locations. Mercedes hasn't identified a factory selected for closure. Workers at those sites still don't know what the review will mean for their jobs, and the company hasn't announced how many positions could be affected.
- Mercedes also faces a squeeze in its largest single market. China has historically accounted for about a third of its passenger-car sales, making weaker demand there especially consequential for the luxury carmaker.
- Mercedes' sales in China fell about nineteen percent in twenty twenty-five. Demand has weakened particularly for foreign luxury brands. That decline adds pressure on the company as it argues that German production costs need to come down.
- US tariffs have also cut into earnings. Mercedes says tariffs alone cost it about one billion euros in profit in twenty twenty-five. Those losses come alongside the difficulties of its shift toward electric vehicles.
- Mercedes has invested heavily in electric vehicles, but demand in Europe and North America has grown more slowly than manufacturers expected. The company also faces competition from cheaper electric vehicles imported from China.
- Volkswagen, BMW, Audi and Porsche face similar pressures. At Mercedes, the board has stopped further German investment and moved possible closures into a more detailed examination.
- Mercedes hasn't explained what would allow investment to resume, or which locations it's examining. It has announced no restart date for spending and no deadline for deciding on plant closures.
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