灾害 · 巴拿马地震持续报道 · 第 1 篇，共 2 篇

巴拿马7.7级地震造成数百栋建筑受损，尚无确认死亡人员

当局报告称，7.7级地震后至少有27人轻伤，尚无确认死亡人员。海啸威胁已经解除，但建筑安全问题仍未解决。

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  1. 第 1 次更新巴拿马7.7级地震造成数百栋建筑受损，尚无确认死亡人员当前位置
  2. 第 2 次更新巴拿马地震的海啸威胁解除。受损学校和强烈余震仍令人担忧。较新

巴拿马发生7.7级地震，触发自动预警，提示可能造成重大人员伤亡。截至2026年10月10日上午，民防部门的临时评估报告称，尚无确认死亡或失踪人员，但至少有27人轻伤，400多栋建筑受到影响。模型预测的危险程度与已报告的人员伤亡之间差距显著。对于正在判断能否返家的民众而言，这还不是可以解除警报的时候。55 63 41

10月9日地震发生后，约300人被疏散。海啸威胁已经解除，但余震仍在持续，受损住宅、学校及其他公共设施的状况尚未得到全面确认。眼下的问题已从地震有多强，转向哪些建筑可以安全继续使用。63 97 65

关键事实

  1. 至少27人轻伤人员，临时统计 63
  2. 约300人疏散人数 63
  3. 400多栋受影响建筑 63
  4. 188处报告受损的教育设施 63153

全国统计背后的损毁情况

评估覆盖九个省，影响集中在巴拿马中部，包括埃雷拉省、洛斯桑托斯省、科克莱省和贝拉瓜斯省。除188处教育设施和142处住宅外，当局记录的受损对象还包括20处医疗设施、26栋政府建筑、13座教堂、七家酒店和九座桥梁，以及道路和供水设施。这些类别包含在总体评估之中，并非可以加在400多栋这一头条数字之上的额外损失。63 116 65

“受到影响”也不等于被毁。建筑出现裂缝、结构部分坍塌，以及设施停止服务，是不同的后果。目前的全国清单尚未全面区分这些情况，也未确定有多少家庭仍流离失所，或提供经过核实的维修费用总额。教育设施受影响数量众多，因此尤其需要区分：报告中的受损数量不等于已确认被拆毁或关闭的学校数量。63 152 153

在佩诺诺梅，后果更加具体。位于泛美公路旁的洲际酒店三层楼建筑后部部分坍塌，碎片砸落在停放的车辆上。楼内人员及时疏散，酒店本身没有人员受伤的报告。这是一次严重的结构失效，但当地没有报告人员伤亡；这并不意味着每家受损酒店都遭遇了同样的情况。123 124 128

圣胡安包蒂斯塔大教堂的一座塔楼也发生了坍塌或部分坍塌。《美联社》的报道指出，受损的是钟楼；不应将其描述为整座大教堂被毁。地震发生时，神职人员正在开会，当地没有人员受伤的报告。科克莱省省长办公室也出现了裂缝和部分坍塌。127 123 71

政府部长迪诺斯卡·蒙塔尔沃早期的说法包括科克莱省有15名学生轻伤。报道并未明确说明这一当地统计与后来全国至少27人的数字之间的关系，因此不能负责任地将这15名学生再加到该数字之上。此前关于没有人员受伤或仅有两人受伤的说法，已被更全面的评估取代；至少27人这一数字仍为临时统计，并非最终全国总数。44 10 63

影响还波及受损建筑之外。多个省份出现停电。托库门国际机场一度暂停航班、预防性疏散人员并改道飞机，其中一些飞机转往哥伦比亚和哥斯达黎加。10月9日，在检查跑道、设施和控制塔并确认没有妨碍运营的损坏后，机场恢复运行。接回改道飞机成为优先事项。23 163 162 167

巴拿马运河继续正常运营，报道称科布雷巴拿马铜矿也在正常运营。这些是关于上述设施的重要信息，并不能衡量其他地区的社区是否免受损害。23 67

震动并未就此停止

主震于巴拿马时间10月9日星期五下午12:56:06发生，即协调世界时17:56:06。美国地质调查局最终采用的复核结果显示，震中位于埃雷拉省及阿苏埃罗半岛地区的皮塔洛萨阿里巴西南偏西12公里处，震源深度12.6公里，震级为7.7级。早期估计包括8.0级，以及列表中标注的7.6级；这些初步数据并不代表发生了不同的主震。完整的中间修订序列尚未确定。32 37 6

巴拿马地球科学研究所采用了不同的估值，最初为7.2级，后来调整为7.5级。该所所长内斯托尔·卢克将这一地震序列与阿苏埃罗—索纳断层系统联系起来，并称巴拿马城的震动持续了约40秒。不同机构的估值应分别说明，而不应将它们拼凑成对美国地质调查局测量值变化过程的虚假精确描述。53 90 91

10月9日当地时间下午3:25:39，也就是协调世界时20:25:39，发生了一次强烈余震。复核后的震级为6.6级，震中位于里奥格兰德以西14公里处。这是检索到的地震序列中，经过核实且具体记录了发生时间的最强余震。报道称，10月10日又发生了一次6.0级地震。当地后续通报统计的余震超过100次，但各机构的总数取决于通报截止时间以及所纳入的最小震级。可以确定的是，地震序列仍在持续。132 24 129 65

海上威胁曾经发布，随后解除。太平洋海啸预警中心于10月9日协调世界时18:51发布公告，预测巴拿马部分太平洋沿岸可能出现1–3米高的海浪，其他地区海浪较低。这些只是可能出现的情况，并非实测海浪。地震原始页面的海啸栏标注“无”，并不能证明当时没有发布威胁信息。59 1

这次地震引发的海啸威胁现已解除。

太平洋海啸预警中心 97

该中心于协调世界时19:39发布最终通报，建议民众在海边保持正常警惕，并指出随后数小时内海平面可能出现轻微波动。现有报道没有证实发生了破坏性海啸。海啸威胁解除，并不意味着余震风险或陆上建筑安全问题也随之解决。97 23

预警模型不等于伤亡统计

美国地质调查局最初的待定PAGER影响评估后来被总体红色警报取代。10月9日协调世界时约23:51更新的一个版本发出橙色人员伤亡警报——“可能造成重大人员伤亡”，并发出红色经济损失警报。模型估计的经济损失范围相当于巴拿马国内生产总值的3–30%。早期版本采用了不同的区间和人员伤亡警报颜色。因此，这一版本是有特定时间的风险估计，并非不可更改的结果，也不是经过审计的全国损失统计。1 55 72 79

科学复核与自动化评估之间的区别也很重要。科学家复核了最终采用的地震测量结果；PAGER影响评估产品则明确注明未经科学家复核。其详细的暴露度估算显示，约18万人处于强烈震动区，1.4万人处于剧烈震动区。另一份摘要估计，约460万人暴露于中等至强烈震动。这些数字描述的是模型估算的暴露人数，并非受伤、疏散或逐一清点的人数。32 55 22

地震页面最初收到的300份自愿震感反馈完全是另一项数据，与约300名疏散人员无关。页面所列的8.5级社区烈度描述的是当地震动强度，并非第二个地震震级。后续反馈数量有所变化，各页面的数据也不一致；尚未确定一个同步更新的最新官方总数。这些数据都不应被视为所有有震感者的普查结果。1 3 171

暂未报告死亡人员是令人欣慰的消息，实际情况也远低于模型所示的危险程度。但仅凭这一点，不能证明模型已被确凿地证明错误，不能确定损失会很小，也不能判定数百栋受影响建筑的状况。对家庭和公共服务来说，接下来的关键在于结构安全：哪些住宅可以居住，哪些学校和医疗设施能够运营，以及还有多少人需要安全的临时住所。

已知

  • 临时统计显示，至少有27人轻伤，约300人被疏散，400多栋建筑受到影响，尚无确认死亡或失踪人员。海啸威胁已经解除。 634197

未知

  • 完整的结构损坏程度清单、持续更新的避难人数，以及经核实的全国维修费用总额，均尚未确定。

后续

  • 随着余震持续，后续检查和民防部门的评估必须明确，哪些受影响建筑可以继续使用。
播出原貌 27 行
  1. A magnitude 7.7 earthquake damaged more than 400 buildings in Panama. At least 27 people have minor injuries, and about 300 people were evacuated. Civil protection reports no confirmed deaths or missing persons in its provisional October 10 assessment, and the tsunami threat has ended. Which damaged buildings can people safely return to while aftershocks continue?
  2. The earthquake struck near Pitaloza Arriba, in the Azuero Peninsula area. Damage was concentrated in Herrera, Los Santos, Coclé and Veraguas. People felt shaking widely across the country and into neighboring countries, while the damage assessment covered nine provinces.
  3. The mainshock hit on October 9 at about 12:56 in the afternoon, Panama time. Its epicenter was 12 kilometers west-southwest of Pitaloza Arriba, and its depth was 12.6 kilometers. Scientists reviewed those earthquake measurements. Early estimates included magnitude 8.0 and 7.6, before the preferred solution settled at 7.7.
  4. Panama's geoscience institute initially put the magnitude at 7.2 and later at 7.5. Those estimates describe the same mainshock. The location and depth also carry uncertainty, so the epicenter's position doesn't draw a boundary around where damage can occur.
  5. The first earthquake listing had no injury or damage figures. Early injury counts ranged from none to at least two. Civil protection's later assessment puts the minimum at 27, all described as minor injuries. The fuller assessment also records evacuations and damage to hundreds of buildings.
  6. Civil protection reports at least 27 minor injuries, about 300 evacuees and more than 400 affected buildings. It also reports no confirmed deaths or missing persons. These figures are provisional, and the evacuation count doesn't tell us how many people still need shelter.
  7. Schools and homes account for much of the damage inventory. Authorities also recorded affected roads and water plants. Each category sits within the assessment. The figures describe buildings with varying damage, so they can't tell families whether an individual home is safe or whether a school can reopen.
  8. The assessment includes 188 educational facilities and 142 residences. It also lists 20 health facilities, 26 government buildings, 13 churches, seven hotels and nine bridges. These categories belong within the overall damage assessment, and they describe different degrees of damage.
  9. In Penonomé, part of a hotel's rear structure collapsed and debris crushed parked vehicles. The three-story Hotel Dos Continentes stands on the Pan-American Highway. Its occupants got out in time, and no injuries were reported at the hotel. That evacuation came before the collapse caused casualties there.
  10. A bell tower at the Catedral de San Juan Bautista also suffered a collapse or partial collapse. Clergy were meeting when the earthquake struck, and no injuries were reported there. The damage centered on a tower of the cathedral.
  11. The Coclé governor's office developed cracks and suffered a partial collapse as well. These failures show the physical consequences behind the national count. But the assessment includes a wider range of damage, and authorities still have to determine which buildings can remain in use.
  12. Government Minister Dinoska Montalvo reported 15 pupils with minor injuries in Coclé. Civil-protection deputy director Malitzie Rivera helped deliver response updates. Néstor Luque, who leads the university's geoscience institute, linked the earthquake sequence to the Azuero-Soná fault system.
  13. The student injuries were an early local count. Their place within the later national total hasn't been clarified, so they shouldn't be added to the 27. Luque also described about 40 seconds of shaking in Panama City. Power interruptions affected multiple provinces.
  14. Tocumen International Airport temporarily suspended flights and evacuated people as a precaution. Aircraft diverted to destinations including Colombia and Costa Rica. Flights resumed on October 9 after inspections of the runways, airport facilities and control tower found no damage preventing operations.
  15. Returning diverted aircraft became a priority. The Panama Canal continued normal operations, and the Cobre Panama copper mine was reported operating normally. Elsewhere, a powerful aftershock struck later that afternoon, extending the sequence beyond the original earthquake.
  16. A magnitude 6.6 aftershock struck 14 kilometers west of Río Grande at about 3:25 that afternoon. It's the strongest specifically timed aftershock in the reviewed sequence. A further magnitude 6.0 event was reported on October 10.
  17. Local preliminary magnitudes for aftershocks varied, including a figure of 6.9. The reviewed measurement for that timed Río Grande event is 6.6. The local geoscience institute's updates eventually counted at least 107 aftershocks. Totals vary with the agency, the smallest events it counts and the reporting cutoff.
  18. The initial earthquake page listed 300 voluntary felt responses and a maximum community intensity of 8.5. Intensity describes local shaking. A separate model estimated about 4.6 million people exposed to moderate through severe shaking across the affected area.
  19. Later felt-response totals changed and differed across pages. Those voluntary responses can't count everyone who felt the quake, and their initial total of 300 has no connection to the approximately 300 evacuees. Magnitude measures the earthquake itself. Shaking intensity describes what happened at particular locations.
  20. The automated impact assessment moved from pending to an overall red alert. Its late October 9 snapshot carried an orange fatality warning and a red economic-loss warning. It estimated possible losses equivalent to 3 to 30 percent of Panama's economy.
  21. The model warned that significant casualties were likely and extensive damage was probable. It hadn't been reviewed by a scientist, even though scientists had reviewed the earthquake's measurements. Its loss range is a modeled estimate. Authorities haven't produced a national repair bill, and earlier model versions gave different ranges and fatality colors.
  22. The detailed model estimated about 180,000 people in severe shaking and 14,000 in violent shaking. Those figures measure exposure to shaking. Civil protection's provisional report of no confirmed deaths describes the human toll found so far.
  23. The difference between that warning and the reported toll is substantial. The final field assessment will show how the modeled risks compare with the damage on the ground. The tsunami forecast also changed as the earthquake was analyzed. Threat bulletins were issued despite the original earthquake page displaying a tsunami flag of “no.”
  24. An earlier forecast allowed for waves of 1 to 3 meters on some Panama coasts, and below 0.3 meters elsewhere. A separate disaster model estimated 1.1 meters. These were forecast heights, and the two systems use different alert scales.
  25. The initial threat covered Pacific coasts from Panama and neighboring Colombia and Costa Rica through Ecuador and Peru, and northward to Mexico. It used preliminary earthquake parameters. The final tsunami bulletin still carried magnitude 7.6 and a depth of 33 kilometers, even as the preferred earthquake solution changed.
  26. The Pacific Tsunami Warning Center ended the threat in its final message. It advised normal caution near the sea and said minor sea-level fluctuations could occur nearby over the following hours. Nobody has reported a destructive tsunami impact from this earthquake.
  27. A separate northern assessment also found no danger to California, Oregon, Washington, British Columbia or Alaska. On land, the remaining work is to inspect affected homes and public facilities, update the human toll and decide where people can safely return. Authorities haven't completed those building-safety assessments, and aftershocks continue.

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