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政治 · 杜特尔特弹劾案

一封银行信函显示萨拉·杜特尔特持有美元账户，而辩方撤回了本可就此接受询问的银行证人

副总统的审判中仅剩一项指控：无法解释的财富。周四，检方表示，与辩方自身证人相关的菲律宾群岛银行信函确认了其传票从未涵盖的美元账户。随后，辩方决定不传唤该证人。

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原语言视频

译自英文原文。

众议院六个月前第二次弹劾副总统萨拉·杜特尔特。一个月前，她的检方撤销了除一项之外的所有指控。此后，她在参议院的审判已归结为一个问题：她名下的资产与她申报的资产是否相符。11月12日（周四），法庭就她的资金问题有了更多了解。菲律宾群岛银行（BPI）是检方案件的核心银行。该行已书面确认她在该行持有美元账户，而检方表示此前从未见过这些账户。⁠1

此次确认的来源与其内容同样重要。它并非来自检方的传票，而是出自与辩方原定证人相关的文件，该证人是菲律宾群岛银行法律负责人保罗·伊斯迈尔。这一信息是在辩方决定不让他出庭作证的同时曝光的。⁠1⁠14

以下是本次庭审未能呈现的内容。目前没有任何报道说明美元账户的数量、其持有金额、开户时间，或是否出现在她的资产、负债与净值声明（SALN，即官员每年须提交的资产申报表）中。法庭尚未就此作出任何认定。持有美元账户本身并非违法行为。这些账户是否与本案相关，取决于参议员们尚未见到的数据。

从弹劾到美元账户

  1. 5月11日

    众议院以257票对25票、9票弃权通过弹劾杜特尔特。这是她第二次遭弹劾。

    52
  2. 7月6日

    参议院以弹劾法庭的身份开庭，由参议员弗朗西斯·埃斯库德罗主持。

    42
  3. 约10月9日至10日

    检方最后一名证人亚历山大·卡夫雷拉描述了与其父亲联名账户中的9600万比索“空头支票循环”模式。

    39
  4. 10月13日

    检方撤销四项条款中的三项，仅保留无法解释的财富指控。

    7
  5. 11月12日（周四）

    辩方撤回菲律宾群岛银行法律负责人作为证人。检方表示，其文件中的一封银行信函确认了美元账户。

    114

证人如何被移出名单

辩方律师迈克尔·波亚向法庭表示，为节省时间，辩方放弃伊斯迈尔的证词。报道中他的中间名有“罗德里格斯”和“罗德里克”两种写法。辩方原计划传唤他，以核实波亚于2月24日致该行的信函，该信函询问副总统在该行持有的账户。波亚辩称，他早已在先前的聆讯中就自己的信函接受过询问，因此该银行人员无需就此作证。多家全国性媒体独立报道了证人被撤回一事。⁠1⁠12⁠13⁠17⁠18

众议院私人检察官詹姆斯·布赖恩·易卜拉欣·阿利赫随后请求埃斯库德罗允许其发言。他表示，检方原本希望就伊斯迈尔向法庭提交的文件对其进行交叉询问。他说，其中检方原本会提出的“要点”包括，“菲律宾群岛银行的一封信函，确认副总统持有美元账户”。⁠1⁠14

这一点我们此前并不知情，因为先前发出的传票并未涵盖美元账户。法庭若允许，这正是我们交叉询问的要点之一，庭上。

詹姆斯·布赖恩·易卜拉欣·阿利赫，众议院私人检察官 1

埃斯库德罗表示，法庭必须尊重辩方撤回证人的决定，但他列举了检方仍可使用该信函的几种途径。“在适当的时候，若有需要，你方可以提交被排除或未纳入的证据，这也可以作为你方可能提交的任何备忘录或律师结案陈词的适当议题，”他说。他补充说，这同样可以成为“被告（其案件）举证结束后，你方若决定提交的任何反驳证据的适当议题。因此，阿利赫律师，你方将有机会。”⁠1

实际上，目前尚无证人将美元账户纳入证据，也无人就此接受交叉询问。不过，这些账户仍是案件的一部分。检方可以通过提交被排除的证据、书面备忘录、结案陈词，或在副总统结束举证后提出反驳来提出这一问题。需注意，这一说法出自检方对一封尚未被正式提交为证据的银行信函的描述。国家通讯社的图片说明称该文件“据称”显示了这些账户，而其报道则称菲律宾群岛银行“已告知”法庭，她持有这些账户。⁠1

为何同一家银行如此重要

仅存的指控已经涉及菲律宾群岛银行。杜特尔特是菲律宾历史上首位两次遭弹劾的官员。10月13日，检方撤销了四项条款中的三项，首席检察官、众议员日尔维尔·卢伊斯特罗表示，仅无法解释财富的证据就足以支持将她罢免。定罪需要全体参议员的三分之二，即16票。⁠2⁠7⁠6

检方已向参议员出示了副总统与其父亲、前总统罗德里戈·杜特尔特共同持有的比索联名账户，这些账户位于菲律宾群岛银行帕西格市朱莉娅·巴尔加斯分行。这些账户在两笔定期存款中共持有约9600万比索。作为律师和注册会计师的卡夫雷拉作证称，资金通过4100万比索和5500万比索的银行本票流转，他将此称为“空头支票循环”的一种变体。据国家通讯社对检方案件的概述，其目的是在年末隐藏资金，使其不出现在她的资产申报表（SALN）中。⁠1⁠3

卡夫雷拉还估算，在她任职的头四年中，涉嫌未申报的资产和收入约为8.787亿比索。该数字包括支付给她牙医的1135万比索支票。这些是检方的指控和一名专家的分析，法庭尚未作出裁决，辩方仍在提交其案件。⁠8⁠9

4项中的1项仍待审理的指控：无法解释的财富 7
16定罪所需的参议院票数 6
9600万比索菲律宾群岛银行联名比索定期存款 13
8.7787亿比索涉嫌未申报财富，专家估算 89

检方认为，她申报的资产与其实际持有的资产之间存在差距，而其论证很大程度上依赖于同一家银行的记录。现在检方得知，该行还持有另一种货币的账户，而这一信息来自辩方提交的文件。事件顺序表明（尽管没有人在正式场合如此表述），该行的确认可能是菲律宾群岛银行对波亚2月份询问的答复的一部分。如果确实如此，那么辩方向银行提出了询问，得到了一份提及美元账户的答复，随后却让唯一能够解释这一答复的人不出庭作证。

已知

  • 据检方称，与辩方证人相关的文件中有一封菲律宾群岛银行的信函，确认副总统持有美元账户。检方此前的传票仅涵盖比索账户。 114
  • 辩方撤回了伊斯迈尔的证词，称希望节省时间。 11213
  • 埃斯库德罗留下了四条途径：提交被排除证据、提交备忘录、结案陈词，以及辩方举证结束后的反驳。 1

未知

  • 美元账户的数量、余额、开户时间，以及是否在其资产申报表中申报。
  • 副总统一方对美元账户的任何回应，以及下次庭审的日期。

后续

  • 检方是否会在辩方结束举证后，以反驳证据或被排除证据的提交形式出示该银行信函。
  • 备忘录、结案陈词，随后是参议院投票，定罪并罢免她需要16名参议员投票支持。

来源11

在此处引用的来源中，Philstar.com最先发布，比本报道播出早17小时。 随后还有4家媒体发布。
  1. Philstar.com
  2. GMA News Online
  3. Daily Tribune
  4. Google News Philippines (PH:en)
  5. Journal News Online
  6. HeyDay News

6篇早期文章作为背景资料参阅。4家媒体未注明日期：inquirer.netabs-cbn.combilyonaryo.comcongress.gov.ph

按媒体查看所有来源

来自 11 家媒体的 18 个来源· 引用最多的优先

播出原貌
  1. Sara Duterte's bank has confirmed she held dollar accounts her prosecutors never knew existed.
  2. The Philippine Vice President is on trial in the Senate on one charge, unexplained wealth, and her job is at stake. The bank's confirmation turned up in papers tied to her own defense witness, at the moment her lawyers chose not to call him.
  3. Nobody has said what's in those accounts, or whether senators will ever hear the bank explain them.
  4. It happened Thursday in the Senate impeachment court. Defense lawyer Michael Poa told senators that, to save time, the defense was dropping its witness Paul Ysmael, who heads the legal department at the Bank of the Philippine Islands, known as BPI.
  5. Ysmael was there to authenticate a letter Poa wrote to the bank on February 24, asking about the Vice President's accounts. Poa said he'd already been questioned about that letter at an earlier hearing, so the bank officer didn't need to testify.
  6. That's when House prosecutor James Bryan Ibrahim Alih asked to be heard. He said prosecutors had wanted to question Ysmael about the documents he'd given the court, and one of them was a BPI letter confirming the Vice President had dollar accounts.
  7. Alih said the prosecution's earlier subpoena of her BPI records covered only peso accounts, so the dollar accounts never reached them. He said those accounts were exactly what he'd planned to press on cross-examination.
  8. Presiding officer Senator Francis Escudero said the court had to respect the defense's decision to drop the witness.
  9. But he left the prosecution several ways back to the letter. Prosecutors can offer it as excluded evidence, argue it in written memoranda and closing arguments, or bring it as rebuttal once the Vice President rests her case.
  10. So for now, no witness has put the dollar accounts into evidence. The prosecution can still raise them before senators vote.
  11. Nobody yet knows what those accounts hold. Subscribe to this channel, and we'll follow this trial all the way to the Senate vote.
  12. Everything now rides on a single charge, unexplained wealth. Sara Duterte is the first Philippine official ever impeached twice.
  13. The House impeached her on May 11, by 257 votes to 25, with 9 abstentions. The Senate convened as her court on July 6. On October 13, prosecutors dropped three of their four articles, and lead prosecutor Gerville Luistro said the unexplained-wealth evidence alone justified removal.
  14. That case already runs through the same bank. Prosecutors argue there's a gap between what she declared and what she held.
  15. They've shown senators joint peso accounts the Vice President held with her father, former President Rodrigo Duterte, at BPI's Julia Vargas branch in Pasig City. Those accounts held about 96 million pesos in two time deposits.
  16. In October, the prosecution's final witness, forensic accountant and lawyer Alexander Cabrera, testified that the money moved through manager's checks of 41 million and 55 million pesos. He called it a variation of check kiting. He said the funds were moved so they'd be hidden at year-end and stay off her SALN, the yearly statement of assets officials file.
  17. Cabrera put allegedly undeclared assets and income at 817.87 million pesos over her first four years in office. That includes 11.35 million pesos in checks allegedly paid to her dentist. Those are the prosecution's claims, and the court hasn't ruled on them.
  18. So her own defense filed the bank's confirmation of accounts the prosecution's subpoena never reached. Then it kept the bank's lawyer off the stand, where he could have been asked about them.
  19. The bank's letter confirms the accounts exist. Nobody has put a balance on the record or said whether she declared them, and the court hasn't made any finding. Holding a dollar account isn't wrongdoing on its own.
  20. The Vice President's camp hasn't said anything about the accounts. The only words from her side came from Poa in court, and they were about saving time.
  21. The defense is still presenting its case. Once it rests, prosecutors can bring rebuttal evidence, and the BPI letter could be part of it. Then come memoranda and closing arguments, and finally the vote. Convicting and removing her takes 16 senators, two-thirds of the Senate.

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