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冲突 · 海豹突击队选拔

两名女性达到海豹突击队训练的报道所称里程碑，但未获资格

据 CBS 报道，两名女性在 BUD/S 训练中的进展超过此前任何女性。她们不同的离开方式以及海军有限的公开回应，界定了这一里程碑的含义。

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译自英文原文。

如果两名候选人都没有完成课程，那么海军海豹突击队选拔中的突破究竟意味着什么？

对于两名在加利福尼亚州科罗纳多海军两栖基地接受训练的女性来说，答案是在早期一个严酷阶段取得进展，而非获得资格。据 CBS 新闻报道，两人都进入了基础水下爆破/海豹突击队训练（简称 BUD/S）的第三周。记者詹姆斯·拉波尔塔和埃莉诺·沃森称，这是自2016年该课程向女性开放以来，女性取得的最远进展。此后，其中一人进入了地狱周。两人都没有完成 BUD/S。⁠1

这是一个有意义的报道里程碑，但其历史性说法有局限：目前尚无公开的、逐名记录的海军资料独立证实这一说法。海军特种作战司令部拒绝讨论这两名女性的个人进展。因此，这一说法依据的是 CBS 引述多个消息来源的报道，而非官方创纪录声明。⁠1

这则报道于2026年11月4日公开。这一日期指的是消息披露时间，而非取得进展或两人离开的时间。两人早在几周前就已开始训练；她们具体取得进展和离开的日期尚未披露。出于安全和隐私考虑，CBS 不公布她们的姓名。⁠1

两名候选人，两种不同的离开方式

两名女性经历的差异，与她们共同取得的进展同样重要。这名海军军官先被“延后转期”至下一期训练——这是重新分配候选人、让其与后续一批学员继续训练的做法。之后，她主动要求在地狱周前离开。这名入伍水兵则进入了地狱周，并在期间因医疗原因被淘汰。⁠1

这两种结果不能混为一谈。这名军官被延后转期本身并非她主动离开；她是在此后才作出离开的决定。这名入伍水兵是因医疗原因被淘汰，并非据报道主动决定退出。有关军官被延后转期的原因、诊断结果或之后的训练安排，均未披露。海军也未说明两人是否会返回。⁠1

司令部的回应说明了为何公开记录如此有限。一名发言人对 CBS 表示：

为了保护海军特种作战中心课程的完整性以及候选人的隐私，我们不会讨论任何个人被选中或未被选中的具体情况，也不会透露他们在训练流程中的进度。

海军特种作战司令部发言人 1

这番表态既未证实报道所称的纪录，也未予以否认。它也未提供依据，让人得以还原这两名女性的医疗或个人情况。能够有据地陈述的内容更为有限：据报道，两人都推进至第三周，随后以不同方式离开；只有这名入伍水兵被报道进入了地狱周。

据 CBS 的报道和一则海军特种作战官方照片说明，地狱周从第四周开始，持续五天半。海军说明称，学员总共只能睡约四小时，每天跑步超过200英里，并进行超过20小时的体能训练。候选人要扛着原木、驾船冲过破碎浪头，并躺在冰冷的海水中。⁠1⁠39

能进入这一考验，意味着此前已挺过了相当严苛的选拔。但进入第三周、进入地狱周和完成地狱周，是三项不同的成就。报道并未证实任何一名女性完成了地狱周。⁠1

淘汰数据实际说明了什么

有用的背景信息不只是海豹突击队训练很艰苦，更在于许多候选人在最著名的考验开始前就退出，或被转入另一期训练。CBS 引用了海军提供的1998年至2023年数据；这些数据通过《信息自由法》公布，显示在地狱周开始前的三周内，约45%的候选人被淘汰或延后转入下一期。其摘要还称，地狱周前主动退出的比例约为29%。这些是针对更广泛候选群体的历史数据，并非女性的专属比例。⁠1

本文无法独立查阅底层的《信息自由法》数据表，因此难以精确评估其分母和统计规则。不过，报道数据中有一点很明确：有些指标将淘汰和延后转期合并计算。被重新分配到另一期的候选人，未必已永久离开资格取得流程。

CBS 的摘要称，整个训练流程的总体淘汰率约为68%。摘要指出，包含地狱周在内的第一阶段为期七周，是损失最大的阶段：66%的候选人被淘汰或转入另一期。约21%的候选人在地狱周期间因自愿退出、医疗或表现原因离开；CBS 据此认为，进入该考验的人中，近五分之四完成了考验。⁠1

后续阶段的比例低得多：战斗潜水阶段为5%，陆战阶段为3%，海豹突击队资格训练阶段不到1%。这些百分比涉及不同阶段和不同群体。不能将它们相加、统一视为永久离队比例，也不能据此推算这两名女性个人获得资格的几率。根据报道中的历史摘要，这些数字所显示的是，选拔压力在最初几周最为集中。⁠1

前方仍有漫长的训练路程。BUD/S 持续约六个月，之后还要接受约六个月的海豹突击队资格训练。海军的人事指南区分了这两门课程，并指出，授予资格训练毕业生的三叉戟徽章代表其获得海豹突击队资格。进入第三周只是早期进展，远非接近毕业。⁠1⁠30

女性获得参训机会，是因为国防部长阿什·卡特于2015年12月3日决定，从2016年1月起向女性开放所有军种职业和职位。这项政策赋予女性参加选拔的机会，但并不意味着她们已通过选拔或获得资格。⁠28

这项有关 BUD/S 的报道里程碑，也不应掩盖女性此前的服役经历。数十年来，女性一直与特种作战部队并肩工作。2021年，一名女性从海军另一条独立的特种作战艇艇员训练路线毕业。这些艇员驾驶全副武装的高速艇运送海豹突击队员，但他们接受的是各自独立的选拔和训练。那次毕业并不意味着获得海豹突击队资格。⁠1

最公允的解读既不夸大，也不轻视。两名女性都没有通过此次尝试获得三叉戟徽章。然而，在一个许多候选人早早被淘汰或重新分配的选拔体系中，离开课程并不意味着已走过的路毫无意义。据报道，她们取得的进展可以标志着边界正在移动，但不足以证明任何关于女性最终作为海豹突击队候选人成功或失败的广泛结论。第三周是否确实构成前所未有的界限，仍有待公开资料独立证实。

播出原貌
  1. Two women reached week three of Navy SEAL training before leaving the course. Their progress is reportedly the furthest any female candidates have advanced since women gained access to it. One entered Hell Week. The Navy hasn't confirmed whether any woman before them reached the same point.
  2. The women trained at Naval Amphibious Base Coronado in California. They entered Basic Underwater Demolition/SEAL training, usually called BUD/S, several weeks before their progress became public. Both reached its third week, near the beginning of a much longer qualification process.
  3. The candidates were a naval officer and an enlisted sailor. Their paths through training then separated. The officer was moved into the next class, a step called being rolled back. That gives a candidate a later class to continue with. Her decision to leave came afterward.
  4. The officer ultimately asked to leave before Hell Week. The enlisted sailor entered Hell Week and was medically removed during it. So the officer's final departure was voluntary, while the sailor's was medical. Neither completed BUD/S.
  5. The women's names are being withheld for security and privacy. Their progress became public on November fourth, twenty twenty-six, after they had already entered training several weeks earlier. That date marks the disclosure. The training itself had already taken place, including both women's departures from the course.
  6. Candidates carry logs and launch boats into breaking waves during Hell Week. They also lie in cold ocean water. The test begins in the fourth week and lasts five and a half days, pushing physical endurance and the ability to keep working with a team.
  7. Candidates get about four hours of sleep in total across roughly five days. They run around two hundred miles. The Navy's own description puts that distance at more than two hundred miles, with more than twenty hours of physical training a day. Reaching that test means surviving substantial selection beforehand.
  8. About forty-five percent of candidates were removed or rolled back during the three weeks before Hell Week. Those historical Navy figures cover nineteen ninety-eight through twenty twenty-three. They describe the broader candidate population, with reassignment to a later class included in that percentage.
  9. The historical figures also put voluntary withdrawal before Hell Week at about twenty-nine percent. Across the training pipeline, attrition was about sixty-eight percent. The greatest losses came during the seven-week first phase, which includes Hell Week. There, sixty-six percent of candidates were removed or moved into another class.
  10. Around twenty-one percent left during Hell Week, through voluntary withdrawal, medical removal or performance problems. Later, five percent left during the combat-diving phase and three percent during land warfare. Under one percent left during the final SEAL Qualification Training course.
  11. Nearly four in five candidates who entered Hell Week finished it in that historical summary. More candidates left during the preceding weeks than during Hell Week itself. These percentages describe different stages and groups, so they can't be added together. They also don't predict either woman's individual chance of qualifying.
  12. BUD/S lasts roughly six months. SEAL Qualification Training follows and takes roughly another six months. Graduates receive the Trident insignia that signifies qualification as a SEAL. Both women left during the early part of that route, with substantial training still ahead.
  13. Women gained access after the December third, twenty fifteen decision to open all military occupations and positions to women, beginning in January twenty sixteen. Women had already served alongside special operations forces for decades. And in twenty twenty-one, a woman graduated from the Navy's separate special warfare boat-crew training pipeline.
  14. Those boat crews operate heavily armed, high-speed craft that transport SEALs into and out of hostile territory. They have their own selection and training. That earlier graduation marked progress in another naval special warfare occupation, with a different route to qualification.
  15. The week-three milestone for these two women remains a reported first. Naval Special Warfare Command says it won't discuss individual candidates' selection status or position in training, citing course integrity and privacy. The Navy hasn't said whether either woman will return to training.

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