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灾害 · 维德河洪水持续报道 · 第 2 篇,共 2 篇

维德河流量大幅下降,但洪水警报持续至周三下午

巴特利特大坝下方的流量远低于周一报告的水平,但里奥维德和麦克道尔堡仍处于警报范围内。读数下降并不能证明渡口或休闲活动已安全。

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持续报道第 4 天

2 篇报道27 家媒体64 个来源

完整报道
  1. 第 1 次更新维德河洪水令路段面临风险,警报持续至周一上午
  2. 第 2 次更新维德河流量大幅下降,但洪水警报持续至周三下午当前位置

自上次报道以来的变化

3 天后

现在

巴特利特大坝下方的流量远低于周一报告的水平,但里奥维德和麦克道尔堡仍处于警报范围内。读数下降并不能证明渡口或休闲活动已安全。

新的进展

  • 早间警报称水位超过24英尺,流量约为每秒60,000立方英尺。警报将有效期延长至周二上午8点。
  • 晚间公告称水位超过25英尺,流量约为每秒60,000立方英尺。公告于9分钟后发布,将警报有效期延长至周三下午2点。
  • 周二晚间更新称,水位略低于18英尺,流量约为每秒17,000立方英尺,同时继续警告洪水和不安全的休闲活动。

周三上午(11月4日),巴特利特大坝下方维德河水位站每秒仍有13,500立方英尺的水流过——仅为周一洪水警报中报告的约60,000立方英尺的一部分,但这并不意味着可以回到河边。流量下降与危险仍在持续,是同一件事的两面。63 1 38

美国国家气象局最新的警报仍然有效至周三山地标准时间下午2点,点名里奥维德和麦克道尔堡等地面临洪水风险。上午7:21发布的更新称,上游水坝泄洪仍在造成洪水,河流、溪流及其他低洼或易涝地点即将发生或正在发生洪水。在约上午8:06核查时,该警报仍处于有效期内。15

对于考虑涉水过河、徒步或在水边度过一天的人来说,这一区别很重要:下游流量减少,并不能证明某个具体地点可以安全通行。警报称,在维德河上或附近开展休闲活动并不安全;本报道没有经核实的逐个渡口重新开放清单。3

我们在11月1日报道时,巴特利特湖与索尔特河之间的维德河沿线仍在发生洪水,当时有效的警报截至11月2日山地标准时间上午8点。此后的公告继续发布,洪水危险也超过了这一期限。现有读数显示,到了周三,巴特利特大坝下方的流量已大幅降低;但这些数据与我们此前报道中使用的、位于汇流区域的另一处水位站读数并未构成连续记录。30 1 63

报告中的流量如何下降

周一早间和晚间的警报均称,巴特利特大坝下方流量约为每秒60,000立方英尺。这些数据分别指向不同的观测,并非同一项测量的两个时间点。到周二傍晚,报告的流量已低得多。1 38 3

巴特利特大坝下方的警报读数

  1. 11月2日,山地标准时间上午7:55

    早间警报称水位超过24英尺,流量约为每秒60,000立方英尺。警报将有效期延长至周二上午8点。

    1
  2. 11月2日,山地标准时间晚上9:24

    晚间公告称水位超过25英尺,流量约为每秒60,000立方英尺。公告于9分钟后发布,将警报有效期延长至周三下午2点。

    38
  3. 11月3日,山地标准时间晚上8:14

    周二晚间更新称,水位略低于18英尺,流量约为每秒17,000立方英尺,同时继续警告洪水和不安全的休闲活动。

    3

周三的官方延续警报报告称,上午6:56流量约为每秒13,000立方英尺。稍后,美国地质调查局暂定读数显示,上午7:55流量为每秒13,500立方英尺。这些数据对应不同时间;两者差距很小,并不能证明流量持续再次上升。总体趋势仍显示,流量较周一报告的数据大幅下降。15 63

警报中的取整测量值应保持原样:它们是警报报告的数据,并非经过精确核实的河流流量记录。此处尚未从水位站档案中独立找回11月2日上午和11月3日傍晚的确切观测数据。这些选取的读数也无法确定洪水的确切峰值。1 3

一项更早的数字仍未得到解释

历史记录中还存在明显出入。美国国家气象局周日傍晚发布的警报称,11月1日山地标准时间晚上8:56,巴特利特大坝下方流量约为每秒29,000立方英尺。但最接近的美国地质调查局存档观测记录显示,早一分钟,编号为09510000的“巴特利特大坝下方维德河”测站记录到每秒53,300立方英尺。该警报中的流量数据未得到这份记录的佐证。4 64

水位高度的描述则相符:警报称水位超过24英尺,而晚上8:55的存档记录为24.18英尺。美国地质调查局同期观测记录显示,晚上8:45流量为每秒53,500立方英尺,晚上9点为52,900立方英尺——这15分钟内略有下降,并非接近29,000。上述三项存档观测均为暂定数据,可能修订。4 64

没有检索到时间戳恰为晚上8:56的观测数据,现有证据也无法解释这一出入究竟是报告错误、依据了不同的原始观测,还是后续修订所致。将8:55的读数重新标为精确匹配是不妥的,把警报中的29,000数据当作已核实的水位站测量值也同样不妥。

另一种对比同样会造成误导。我们11月1日的报道采用了一项上午观测数据,称其测点位于维德河与索尔特河汇流处以北不远:水位7.98英尺,流量每秒3,420立方英尺。巴特利特大坝下方的读数来自另一个描述中的地点。把两者拼接起来,会凭空制造出某个测站水位急剧上涨的趋势,而证据并未显示这种情况。此处尚未确定前一个测站的身份。30 19

水位站高度(也称水位)是以测站自身的基准面为参照测量水面高度,并非道路上的积水深度。不同测站可能采用不同的基准面。流量是每秒通过测站的水量,并不自动等同于水坝的泄洪量。本报道未确定巴特利特大坝下方测站经核实的洪水警戒水位阈值。19 22

为何泄洪仍是重要因素

盐河计划(SRP)称,为腾出空间容纳暴雨径流并保障大坝及公众安全,已增加泄洪量。该机构的更新称,巴特利特大坝和斯图尔特山大坝合计泄洪量约为每秒54,000立方英尺。这一数据涵盖维德河和索尔特河两座水坝,并非仅指巴特利特大坝的泄洪量,也不能独立佐证巴特利特大坝下方水位站的测量值。36

此前的洪水警报同时提到暴雨径流和上游泄洪。最新的延续警报强调水坝持续泄洪,但没有将洪水归因于其中任何一项因素。此处降雨与水库运行相互关联,但现有数据无法区分各自的影响。38 15

已知

  • 里奥维德和麦克道尔堡仍是警报所指、位于警戒走廊沿线的风险地区。这并不意味着两个社区都已全面被淹。 153

未知

  • 本报道中没有经核实的通知指出维德河的某个具体渡口已关闭或重新开放。伤亡、救援、疏散和财产损失总数也尚未确定;这并不能证明没有发生任何损害。

后续

  • 气象局是否会延长、取消警报,还是任其于山地标准时间下午2点到期;以及带日期的地方通知是否记载了具体的通行限制或影响。

眼下的指引很简单:遇到积水就掉头,远离被淹道路,并留意附近水道。露营者和徒步者应避开溪流。水位站读数下降,可以作为河流水情的参考,但不代表可以通行。警报按计划到期只是行政上的截止时间,并不保证下午2点水情就会变得安全。15

播出原貌 15 行
  1. Dam releases keep the Verde River flooding even as flows fall. Rio Verde and Fort McDowell remain in the warned area, and river recreation remains unsafe.
  2. On November 1, we reported continuing flooding, with the warning ending the next morning. By Wednesday morning, the warning runs through two this afternoon, Mountain Standard Time.
  3. What do the lower readings mean for people using the river and its crossings?
  4. The flooding follows the river from Bartlett Lake toward the Salt River in Maricopa County, Arizona. Rio Verde and Fort McDowell are the named communities exposed to flooding along that corridor. Low-lying and flood-prone places remain at risk.
  5. Forecasters say upstream dam releases continue to cause flooding. Wednesday morning's warning puts flow below Bartlett Dam at about 13,000 cubic feet per second. That's the volume passing the gauge each second. A later gauge reading gives a slightly higher figure, taken at a different time.
  6. The later reading is 13,500 cubic feet per second. Monday's warnings described around 60,000. That's substantially less water moving downstream now, but the active warning still describes flooding. The smaller difference between Wednesday's readings doesn't show a sustained renewed rise.
  7. Monday morning, November 2, forecasters described water above 24 feet and flow around 60,000 cubic feet per second. They extended the warning into Tuesday morning. Monday night's warning described water above 25 feet, again with flow around 60,000. That bulletin pushed the deadline to Wednesday afternoon. Those were separate morning and evening observations.
  8. Dam operators increased releases to make room for storm runoff and protect dam and public safety. SRP described about 54,000 cubic feet per second combined from Bartlett and Stewart Mountain dams. That combined figure covers two dams on different rivers.
  9. Earlier warnings blamed both excessive-rainfall runoff and dam releases. The latest warning emphasizes continuing releases, without putting a share on each cause. By Tuesday evening, forecasters described water just under 18 feet below Bartlett Dam, with flow around 17,000 cubic feet per second. Wednesday's readings were lower again.
  10. Sunday evening's warning put flow around 29,000 cubic feet per second. The gauge's archived reading one minute earlier was 53,300, with water at 24.18 feet. The height fits the warning's above-24-foot description. The flow figures haven't been reconciled.
  11. The below-Bartlett gauge also sits at a different location from the one in our earlier broadcast. That November 1 morning observation was near the river's meeting with the Salt River. It gave a height of 7.98 feet and flow of 3,420 cubic feet per second. Joining those readings would create a false picture of change at one station.
  12. The below-Bartlett gauge recorded 53,500, then 53,300, then 52,900 cubic feet per second over fifteen minutes Sunday evening. That's a small decline within that interval. These observations are provisional and can be revised.
  13. A gauge's water height uses its own local reference level. Different stations can use different references, so their heights aren't directly interchangeable. Flow measures how much water passes the station. It doesn't automatically measure the dam's release rate. The rounded figures in later warnings also don't pinpoint the flood's exact peak.
  14. The latest warning still describes flooding as imminent or occurring. A lower gauge reading alone can't tell a driver whether a crossing is safe, or a family whether river access is safe. The scheduled expiration doesn't predict when those conditions will change.
  15. The warning gives no crossing-by-crossing closure or reopening list. Whether it will be extended beyond Wednesday afternoon is still unresolved. Rio Verde and Fort McDowell remain named places at risk, without that meaning either community is flooded everywhere. Drivers should turn around at floodwater and stay off flooded roads. Campers and hikers should avoid streams and creeks.

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