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商业 · 水务公司表现

水务公司已花£5bn治理污染,成果在哪里?

英格兰九家大型水务公司中,有八家环境评级不佳。一些获得资金支持的项目尚未完工,水费又将上涨,问题的关键在于落实,而不是再作投资承诺。

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译自英文原文。

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1 篇报道7 家媒体13 个来源

英格兰水务行业在五年间投入£5 billion,试图解决环境污染问题。如今,用户被要求为新一轮改进买单。然而,最新监管评估揭示了一个单靠投资承诺无法解决的问题:严重污染仍然居高不下,而且一些公司获得资金支持、承诺落实的环境改善项目至今仍未完成。1

10月29日公布的评估显示,英格兰九家大型供水及污水处理公司中,有八家的2025年环境表现被评为「差」或「需要改进」。只有塞文特伦特水务获得最高评级。这些公司合计获得36颗星中的16颗,创下有记录以来的最低总分。1

关键事实

  1. 9家中有8家英格兰获评「差」或「需要改进」的公司 1
  2. £5bn五年间用于治理环境污染的投资 1
  3. 36%预计水费平均涨幅,2025–2030年 1

这些调查结果与首份《水务行业绩效洞察》联合报告一同发布,报告汇集了环境署、威尔士自然资源局、水务监管局和饮用水监察局的数据。监管机构于2026年10月29日宣布发布该报告。环境评估针对的是2025年,而非行业在2026年的完整表现。2 11

这一区别很重要,因为联合报告把不同指标纳入同一视野,但它们未必属于同一个统计期。例如,漏损数据涵盖2025年4月至2026年3月。这份报告也不同于水务监管局于2025年10月发布的《2024–25年度水务公司绩效报告》。10 5

解读评分下降需要谨慎

创纪录低位的星级总数令人震惊,但它并不能简单衡量流入河流和海洋的污染增加了多少。环境署将这一结果归因于「某些领域表现下滑」以及标准趋严。即使实际表现并未按同等比例恶化,测试标准变严也可能拉低评分。1

更直接的环境调查结果已经足够令人担忧:据环境署称,2025年的严重污染事件仍处于与往年相近的高位,是「重大关切」。不应利用评级制造出调查结果未能证明的污染精确增幅。总评分也没有提供各公司严重污染事件的具体数量。1

在威尔士,威尔士水务公司Dŵr Cymru从威尔士自然资源局获得四颗星中的两颗。它被纳入更广泛的联合报告,但不属于英格兰九家公司总数。1

其他方面也取得了切实进展。饮用水质量仍然「位居世界最佳之列」,各公司减少了服务中断,监管机构也认可漏损长期有所下降,同时呼吁进一步改进。这些结果应当分别看待:环境表现差,并不意味着家庭自来水普遍不安全;同样,自来水质量高,也不能成为污染家庭以外环境的借口。1

然而,最严厉的批评针对的是项目落实,而不是评分体系。环境署主席艾伦·洛弗尔告诉BBC新闻,他对污染水平「非常愤怒」,并对公众的处境表示同情。他还指出了一个问题,其影响超出了标准是否变得更严格这一点。1

并非所有公司都落实了获得资金支持、承诺完成的环境改善项目。

艾伦·洛弗尔,环境署主席 1

用户需要牢记这一区别。承诺投入资金,不等于工作已经完成。花了钱,本身也不能证明环境有所改善。如果获得资金支持的项目仍未完工,那么再宣布一项投资,也不能证明此前的承诺已经兑现。

行业的解释也有其局限

这一区别限制了该说法的解释范围。它并未说明严重污染中有多少可归因于这些原因,也没有厘清未完工改善项目的责任归属。行业的回应与监管机构的调查结果涉及相互交叠的问题,但两者不能互相替代。

英国水务协会表示,创纪录的投资将有助于保障供水、支持增长,并终止污水流入河流和海洋,同时警告改善需要时间。各公司承诺在2030年前追加投资,以升级管网和污水处理厂。这项未来计划与此前五年为治理环境污染而投入的£5 billion,是两笔不同的投资。1

对家庭来说,成本并非抽象概念。随着投资计划推进,预计2025年至2030年间,水费平均将上涨36%。这是整个时期的预计涨幅,并非已经一次性全部实施的额外涨价。1

公众的耐心已在消退。据报道,2026年9月,提交至消费者水务委员会的家庭投诉一年内增加84%,升至20年来最高水平。这一数据统计的是提交至该消费者机构的投诉,并非直接向水务公司提出的所有投诉。该机构首席执行官迈克·基尔表示,尽管水费上涨,许多用户并未感受到服务或业绩有所改善。1

基尔说:「人们支持投资,也理解投资需要时间才能见效。」但「缴费用户已经在质疑,他们的钱是否花得物有所值」。这些未完工的项目,为这种担忧提供了具体依据,而不仅仅是对账单金额不满。1

供水压力让项目落实更受检验

污染并非唯一的环境压力。2025年,英格兰和威尔士的家庭人均日用水量平均为137 litres,与前一年相比几乎没有变化。政府顾问表示,气候变化、人口增长和长期投资不足正在给未来供水带来压力,因此用水需求可能需要下降。夏季干旱过后,两地大片区域仍实施着软管禁令。1

在管网漏损仍持续的情况下,把减少需求说成只是家庭的责任,并不可信。英国钓鱼信托基金会渔业主管马克·欧文呼吁进一步减少漏损:「每一升流失的水,都已从自然环境中被取走;与此同时,我们的河流、鱼类和野生生物正承受巨大压力。」1

环境大臣安吉拉·伊格尔女爵士表示,她正在「要求未能履职的公司给出解释」。计划于2027年出台的立法将全面改革行业架构和监管机制,包括合并负责英格兰事务的监管机构。威尔士计划在威尔士自然资源局之外设立一个新的监管机构。这些都是未来的机构变动,并非本次评估结果所涉的已落实改进。1

因此,下一步考验比再次承诺创纪录支出或提出新的监管架构更为实际。各公司需要完成已经获得资金支持、承诺落实的环境工作,减少严重污染,并向用户说明他们多付的钱换来了什么。最新评估清楚表明了投资为何必要,但尚未证明行业提供了足够的回报。

播出原貌 15 行
  1. Eight English water companies earned environmental ratings of poor or requiring improvement. Serious pollution stayed at similarly high levels despite five billion pounds invested over the previous five years. Households face higher bills as companies promise more work. Will those payments deliver the improvements customers are funding?
  2. Eight of the nine major companies fell into those two categories. Severn Trent alone received the highest rating. Together, the companies earned sixteen out of thirty-six possible stars, their lowest combined score on record.
  3. The Environment Agency says that record low reflects both declining performance in some areas and tougher standards. So the star score alone can't tell us how much pollution changed. Serious pollution incidents remained a major concern in twenty twenty-five, at levels similar to previous years. The industry's environmental performance deteriorated again.
  4. Drinking-water quality remained among the best in the world, and companies reduced service disruptions. Regulators also recognised a long-term fall in leakage, while calling for further improvement. Those gains sit alongside the industry's continuing pollution problems.
  5. The first Water Industry Performance Insights joint report was announced on October twenty-ninth, twenty twenty-six. It brings together the Environment Agency, Natural Resources Wales, Ofwat and the Drinking Water Inspectorate. The environmental ratings assess twenty twenty-five. Other measures cover different periods, including leakage data from April twenty twenty-five through March twenty twenty-six.
  6. Environment Agency chair Alan Lovell says some companies haven't delivered environmental schemes they've already been funded to complete. He said he was very angry and sympathised with the public. His criticism reaches beyond pollution levels to work customers have already paid for.
  7. Water UK acknowledges that some companies' environmental performance isn't good enough. But the industry body says more than half of all pollution incidents result from blockages or vandalism outside companies' direct control. That's its explanation for pollution incidents overall. It doesn't give a separate breakdown for the serious incidents troubling regulators.
  8. Companies have invested five billion pounds over the preceding five years to tackle environmental pollution. Further investment is committed through twenty thirty. Alongside that programme, household bills are expected to rise by an average thirty-six percent between twenty twenty-five and twenty thirty.
  9. The future programme includes upgrades to networks and sewage treatment works. Water UK says record investment will secure supplies, support growth and end sewage entering rivers and seas, but that it will take time. Customers are already paying more while some previously funded schemes remain unfinished.
  10. Household complaints reaching the Consumer Council for Water rose eighty-four percent in a year, reaching their highest level in twenty years. That increase, made public in September twenty twenty-six, measures complaints reaching the consumer body rather than every complaint made directly to companies.
  11. Household water use has barely shifted either. Consumption in England and Wales averaged one hundred and thirty-seven litres per person per day in twenty twenty-five, similar to the previous year. Government advisers say demand will probably need to fall as climate change, population growth and historic underinvestment put future supplies under pressure.
  12. Consumer Council chief Mike Keil says many customers haven't noticed improvements and are questioning value for money. Angling Trust fisheries head Mark Owen wants companies to cut leakage further. Environment Secretary Dame Angela Eagle says she's demanding answers from failing companies.
  13. Hosepipe bans remained across large parts of England and Wales after the summer drought. Owen says every litre lost has already been taken from the environment, while rivers, fish and wildlife face immense pressure. Keil says customers support investment and understand it takes time, but already question whether their money is being well spent.
  14. Dŵr Cymru Welsh Water received two out of four stars from Natural Resources Wales. It sits outside England's nine-company total. The joint reporting covers both countries, where governments are planning different changes to the way the industry is regulated.
  15. Eagle also promises to shine a spotlight on the worst offences. Legislation planned for twenty twenty-seven would overhaul the industry's structure and regulation, including combining the regulators covering England. Wales plans a new regulator alongside Natural Resources Wales. Higher payments haven't yet delivered all the funded environmental work. Companies still have to finish those schemes and reduce serious pollution.

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