灾害 · 维基厄普洪水

维基厄普附近大桑迪河洪水警报结束,但这不代表道路安全警报解除

11月2日,大桑迪河水位回落至轻度洪水水位以下。其最终洪峰,以及各条道路和涉水路段的安全状况,仍未得到核实。

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大桑迪河洪水警报结束,究竟告诉了在维基厄普附近出行的人什么?又有哪些问题仍未解决?

最明确的答案是:到2026年11月2日中午,大桑迪河水位已降至轻度洪水水位以下。美国国家气象局针对莫哈维县中南部发布的警报于当日山地标准时间下午12:15结束。与此前预计水位可能达到超过重大洪水水位、接近历史最高纪录的预报相比,这是显著好转。但这并不意味着所有道路或低水位涉水路段都已解除风险。1 8

截至11月4日,11月1日至2日的通报描述的是已经过去的洪水事件,并非仍在生效的警报。这些通报证实曾发生洪水,也证实大桑迪河随后水位回落。但它们无法确定该河的最终洪峰、是否达到重大洪水水位,或某个具体涉水路段目前能否通行。

大桑迪河洪水水位已回落至轻度洪水水位以下。

美国国家气象局拉斯维加斯办事处 8

这句话出现在气象部门11月2日山地标准时间中午12:05发布的警报到期声明中,也就是警报结束前十分钟。这是现有记录中最有力的已确认结果:官方声明称水位已经回落,而不仅仅是警报到达预定截止时间。8

河流水位读数能说明什么

11月2日上午10:01(山地标准时间)发布的详细更新报告称,当日上午7:30,维基厄普处的大桑迪河水位为16.61英尺,仍高于其16英尺的轻度洪水水位门槛。预报人员预计水位将在下午持续回落,并于当日晚些时候降至较低的12英尺警戒水位以下。2

随后,水位图集的水位站页面显示,山地标准时间上午10:55的初步读数为14.93英尺,且水位仍在下降。该读数低于轻度洪水水位,与气象部门后来发布的声明一致。但这只是初步数据,并非经独立核实的此次事件最高水位记录。它也无法确认河流水位后来是否降至12英尺警戒水位以下;在现有记录中,这仍只是预报。10 2

这一区别很重要,因为此前的预报要严重得多。11月1日,气象部门预测大桑迪河将在下午3时左右达到22.47英尺的洪峰。这高于18英尺的重大洪水水位门槛,也略高于警报中提到的1993年2月22.4英尺纪录,不过预报人员将预测水位描述为接近该纪录。1

这些都是必须认真对待这一威胁的理由,却不能证明预报的洪峰确实出现过。11月1日那份更新中,大桑迪河的实际观测水位在上午9:30为6.62英尺,比预计洪峰早了数小时。次日较低且仍在下降的读数无法填补这一空白:洪水过后河水有多高,并不能说明洪水之前水位涨到了多高。大桑迪河是否达到18英尺,或预报的22.47英尺,目前都无法确定。1 2

这项警报曾被延长。较早的通报将结束时间定为11月2日上午10:15(山地标准时间);后续更新将其推迟了两小时,改为下午12:15。有些显示采用太平洋标准时间,将同一结束时间分别显示为上午9:15和11:15。这一小时的差异是时区换算所致,并非警报结束时间存在分歧。1 2

为何这项威胁值得发布警报

这不仅仅是预测可能发生洪水。11月1日上午10:16(山地标准时间)首次发布警报时,洪水已经发生:10月31日星期六夜间至周日上午,降雨量达1至3英寸。气象部门报告称,特劳特溪在奈特溪上游水位迅速上涨,并预计亚利桑那州西北部维基厄普附近的大桑迪河将发生严重洪水。4

93号公路处的布罗溪水位则提供了另一项衡量此次洪水严重程度的指标。首份警报报告水位为17英尺,并称接近创纪录洪峰水位。11月1日上午10:52的更新将报告水位上调至17.4英尺,并称其为创纪录洪峰。11月2日早间的一份更新报告称,山地标准时间凌晨4:54水位为17.9英尺,同样称其为创纪录洪峰水位。4 1 3

这些数字是先后发布的报告,并非对同一时刻的相互冲突的测量。较晚的报告取代了较早的水位数据。即便如此,警报中关于创纪录的说法仍应归于气象部门:要确定布罗溪此次事件的最终最高水位,并确认其历史纪录地位,仍需独立核实水位站的历史数据。

驾车者仍需了解什么

11月1日,我们报道了马里科帕县韦尔德河持续发生洪水,包括低水位涉水路段面临的风险。这是与莫哈维县洪水事件不同的另一项洪水警报。这里确认的变化是,莫哈维县的警报在确认水位回落至轻度洪水水位以下后结束;这并未更新韦尔德河沿线的情况。

在维基厄普附近出行时,必须将三个不同的问题分开看:河流水位有多高、洪水警报是否仍然有效,以及某条具体道路是否可以安全通行。警报提及93号公路,是因为布罗溪水位测量地点位于那里。仅凭这一信息,无法断定公路曾被洪水淹没或关闭。3

现有记录尚未核实美国93号公路是否有任何特定路段封闭,也未核实有名称的低水位涉水路段是否封闭或随后重新开放。要了解驾驶者计划行驶路线的情况,仍需一份注明日期的道路状况通知。警报要求人们避开被洪水淹没的道路,而不是假定警报到期后这些道路便安全了。1 3

所提供的警报中也没有伤亡人数或损失总额,但这并不意味着没有人员受伤或财产受损。能够有依据地得出的结论范围较窄,但仍有参考价值:到11月2日中午,大桑迪河水位已降至轻度洪水水位以下。其最高水位、布罗溪最终洪峰,以及警报结束后各条道路的状况,仍有待确认。

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  1. The Big Sandy River fell below minor flood stage, and its warning ended.
  2. On November 1, we reported continuing Verde River flooding in Maricopa County, with low-water crossings at risk. The separate Mohave County warning has since ended, but that expiration doesn't tell drivers whether a crossing is safe.
  3. How high did the Big Sandy actually rise, and what does the warning's end mean for travel?
  4. Wikieup was among the places threatened by flooding in south-central Mohave County, in northwestern Arizona. The flood episode involved the Big Sandy River and nearby creeks, including Burro Creek at Highway 93 and Trout Creek above Knight Creek.
  5. The clearest outcome came on November 2. The Big Sandy was falling, and by midday it had dropped below the level used to mark minor flooding. The warning ended that day. As of November 4, the November 1 and 2 bulletins describe a past flood episode.
  6. The Big Sandy measured 16.61 feet that morning, above its 16-foot minor flood threshold. A later provisional reading showed 14.93 feet and falling. By midday, floodwater had receded below minor flood stage.
  7. Forecasters had also expected the river to fall below its 12-foot action stage later that afternoon. That lower target remained a forecast. Action stage is a separate threshold below minor flood stage, so the midday recession statement alone doesn't tell us whether the river reached it.
  8. The final expiration was 12:15 p.m. Mountain Standard Time on November 2. Forecasters extended the earlier deadline by two hours, then confirmed recession below minor flood stage ten minutes before the warning ended. The extension kept the warning running into midday.
  9. One to three inches of rain had fallen from Saturday night, October 31, through Sunday morning, November 1. Flooding was already occurring when the first November 1 warning was issued. Rivers, streams and low-lying ground were at risk, and Trout Creek above Knight Creek had risen sharply.
  10. Burro Creek climbed through three reported levels at Highway 93. The first was 17 feet, followed by 17.4 feet. The next morning's update put it at 17.9 feet, which forecasters described as a record crest level.
  11. The first level had been described as near record height. Forecasters called the later two levels records. These measurements belong to successive points in the episode. The 17.9-foot reading was taken early on November 2, when forecasters were still expecting significant flooding on the Big Sandy near Wikieup.
  12. The Big Sandy's earlier observed level was just 6.62 feet on the morning of November 1. Forecasters expected a much higher crest around three that afternoon. That projected rise drove the warning of major flooding near Wikieup.
  13. The Big Sandy forecast called for 22.47 feet on November 1, above the 18-foot major flood threshold. It also edged above the cited February 1993 record of 22.4 feet. Forecasters described the projected level as near that record.
  14. By late morning on November 2, forecasters had shifted to falling water and the 16.61-foot observation. We still don't know either river's final peak, or whether the Big Sandy reached major flood stage. A lower reading the next day can't tell us how high the water rose beforehand.
  15. Highway 93 appears in the flood warnings because that's where Burro Creek was measured. Drivers need a separate road-status check for their route. The river measurement and the warning's expiration don't certify that a highway or low-water crossing is safe.
  16. The condition of individual roads and crossings after the warning ended still needs confirmation. The flood alerts instructed drivers to avoid flooded roads.

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