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政治 · 蓄水

柯林斯堡转向格莱德水库——但其3亿美元水资源交易尚未敲定

在反对NISP数十年后,柯林斯堡正推进利用格莱德水库储水。初步批准并未解决最终价格、水权和普德尔河保护措施等问题。

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40年间投入3亿美元,这是柯林斯堡预计将为一项水库工程投入的金额,而该市此前反对这项工程已逾20年。这项承诺将跨越几代用水客户——前提是该市最终完成这笔交易。这些客户能获得多少可靠的蓄水能力、河流保护和财务确定性,目前尚未完全明确。1

立场转变确有其事;长期交易尚未敲定。2026年10月20日,市议会初步批准通过一项为期一年的临时协议,推进北部综合供水项目(NISP)。该市10月22日的公告称,仍需市议会再次审议并投票。公告并未确定一项已签署且无条件的3亿美元承诺。3

柯林斯堡希望利用拟建的格莱德水库中一部分库容,而不是扩建哈利根水库。此举主要是决定将该市已有水权对应的水储存在哪里,而非宣布有了新水源。CBS科罗拉多州台报道,柯林斯堡打算获得格莱德水库未来容量的约6%,预计投资将在40年间分摊。最终的财务和储水条款,比这两个醒目的数字更为重要。1

哈利根为何失去优先地位

多年来,柯林斯堡一直推进扩建哈利根水库。该水库位于卡什拉普德尔河北支流上,距该市西北约25英里。拟议扩建将新增约8200英亩英尺的蓄水能力。该市2024年7月的一份介绍材料说明了项目目的:服务现有和未来客户、提高长期干旱期间的供水可靠性,并为气候不确定性做好准备。到2026年6月3日,该市已公开探讨将NISP作为替代方案。4 10 6

柯林斯堡“One Water”项目执行主任妮可·庞塞莱特-约翰逊对CBS科罗拉多州台表示,许可审批是改变方向的原因。她的说法比规划调整通常采用的措辞直白得多。

哈利根水库根本拿不到许可,而美国陆军工程兵团已经非常明确地向我们表明了这一点。

妮可·庞塞莱特-约翰逊 1

这是该市对障碍的解释,并非工程兵团的正式拒绝决定。工程兵团于2023年10月23日发布了哈利根项目的最终环境影响报告。科罗拉多太阳报于2026年10月14日报道,柯林斯堡因对获批前景存疑而撤回许可申请;KUNC则于10月20日报道了该市放弃哈利根项目的转向。导致审批难以通过的具体监管认定尚未明确。15 8 12

授权撤回哈利根许可申请的决议曾列入10月20日市议会议程,但其最终处理结果尚未得到核实。也不应把旧项目网页中预计2026年至2030年的施工窗口,误当作该市改变方向后的当前施工计划。13 4

这对成本讨论很重要。柯林斯堡并非只是在两个准备程度相同、价格不同的水库项目之间做选择。该市官员表示,他们花费多年推进的方案不太可能获得开工许可。

价格比较需要更可靠的依据

“总体来说,这是一个更负担得起的项目,”庞塞莱特-约翰逊对CBS科罗拉多州台表示。10月23日的报道指出,NISP预计将在40年间投入约3亿美元,而哈利根水库扩建预计约需5亿美元。不过,该市的哈利根项目网页列出的数字不同:3.08亿美元。两者之间的差异尚未得到解释。1 4

这些数字并不能证明节省了2亿美元。已公布的数字并未明确是否采用相同的价格年份、通胀假设、融资利率或债务偿还计划。它们也没有说明两种方案是否都计入相同的运营、维护、更新和供水费用。40年间的预期投资额与项目价值估算并非天然可以作为同类财务指标比较。1 4

不能简单地断言3.08亿美元这一数字就是哈利根水库当前的完整成本。同样,也不能假定报道中的5亿美元估算是在完全相同的核算基础上取代了它。缴费用户需要的是一致的比较,而不是挑选任何一个能让某种方案显得更有优势的数字。

这项区域工程也有自己的成本变迁。科罗拉多太阳报于2025年8月27日报道,NISP估算成本为27亿美元,同时合同投标暂停,项目方正努力缩减设计规模。这是针对更大范围系统的一项有日期的估算,并非2026年10月获批的预算、仅针对格莱德水库的价格,也不是柯林斯堡最终承担的费用。采购工作持续到2026年,包括格莱德水库主体堤坝的招标,但仅凭采购工作并不能证明水坝施工或水库开挖已经开始。29 19 24

没有经过核实的项目专项家庭账单估算,能将柯林斯堡拟议的投资换算为客户实际要支付的金额。“40年间”也没有提供固定的年度付款计划。实际融资协议、基础设施义务以及承担未来成本的风险,都是这项交易的关键组成部分。

蓄水量不等于年度供水量

负责为NISP参与方牵头办理许可、设计和施工的北方水务计划将格莱德水库建成蓄水能力17万英亩英尺。按CBS报道的约6%份额计算,柯林斯堡可获得约1.02万英亩英尺。这只是用于说明方案规模的算术推算,并非经核实的合同权益。7 16 1

一英亩英尺相当于在一英亩土地上蓄一英尺深的水。水库容量衡量的是某一时刻可以蓄存多少水;可靠的年度供水量则取决于可用水权、补水机会和运行规则。因此,哈利根拟新增的8200英亩英尺蓄水能力,不能直接与其规划方案中每年约7900英亩英尺的新增可靠供水量相比较;后者是为满足2065年预计的市政和工业需求而规划的。两者衡量的是不同的事物。4 30

柯林斯堡打算储存其现有的资深水权——即优先日期较早、在用水者争夺有限水源时享有优势的水权。庞塞莱特-约翰逊表示,将这些水权储存在大陆分水岭以东,有助于该市应对气候变化以及科罗拉多河水的不确定性。可靠性方面的益处将取决于最终的储水、运行和输水安排;水库不会创造降水。1

格莱德水库将建在河道之外,主要在春季径流量大的时候截取普德尔河的水。水将从峡谷口附近出发,经过约两英里的引水渠道,流入蓄水前池,再通过泵送设施输送。NISP还包括位于格里利东北方向、规划容量为4.56万英亩英尺的加莱顿水库,以及其他输水设施。整个系统旨在每年向北部前沿山脉地区的供水方输送最多4万英亩英尺的新水。这并不意味着已承诺向柯林斯堡分配相应水量。16 22 7

河流保护承诺仍有待检验

庞塞莱特-约翰逊表示,为维持普德尔河生态状况而增加的保护措施,促使柯林斯堡改变立场。但此处尚未明确详细且可执行的承诺内容:最低流量、取水限制、栖息地义务、监测、减缓措施的资金,以及适用于该市的运行条件,都关系到参与项目能否带来官员所描述的保护效果。1

法律进程已不再局限于最初的许可挑战。北方水务于2025年2月28日宣布,就NISP联邦许可问题与拯救普德尔组织达成和解;该环保组织也在2026年10月20日的更新中提及这项和解。法院的驳回令及此后的诉讼记录尚未得到独立核实。这项已宣布的和解是实质性进展,但不能证明所有环境方面的顾虑都已消失。20 14

北方水务称,项目经历了20多年的环境审查和许可流程,考察了16种方案和215种配置。这记录了流程的规模。开始分流之后河流的状况,才是检验其成效的标准。18

当地景观也将发生变化。美国287号公路约7英里路段将向东迁移,改建为双车道干道,为格莱德水库腾出空间。北方水务表示,新路将在现有公路关闭前完工,以维持柯林斯堡与拉勒米之间的交通联系。现有路线的一部分最终可能被淹没,但尚未核实交通改道日期。21 1

柯林斯堡已为水资源安全选择了新的方向。在宣称交易已经敲定之前,该市必须把预期支出和计划储水量转化为具有约束力的条款。对客户而言,问题不只是格莱德水库是否比越来越不确定的哈利根扩建项目便宜,而是他们的钱实际能买到多少可靠供水,以及多少可强制执行的河流保护。

播出原貌 25 行
  1. Fort Collins is backing a reservoir project it fought for more than twenty years.
  2. The city expects to invest about three hundred million dollars over forty years to store water it already owns. The unresolved bargain is how much dependable storage and river protection its water customers would get for that money.
  3. Glade Reservoir would hold water northwest of Fort Collins. The city wants to use part of that proposed reservoir instead of enlarging Halligan, about twenty-five miles northwest of town on the North Fork of the Cache la Poudre River.
  4. Council gave its initial approval on October twentieth, twenty twenty-six. It backed pursuing the Northern Integrated Supply Project, known as NISP, through a one-year interim agreement. That puts the city on a path toward changing its storage plans.
  5. Northern Water leads the regional project's permitting, design and construction for its participants. Fort Collins wants space for senior water rights it already holds. Those rights have earlier priority dates, an important advantage when competing users draw from limited supplies.
  6. The city's expected investment is about three hundred million dollars over forty years. Its intended share is about six percent of Glade. Those are planning expectations, and the binding financial and storage terms still depend on the agreement.
  7. Glade's planned capacity is one hundred seventy thousand acre-feet. Six percent works out to roughly ten thousand two hundred acre-feet, subject to the eventual allocation. Halligan's enlargement would add about eight thousand two hundred acre-feet to the existing reservoir.
  8. An acre-foot is enough water to cover an acre one foot deep. Storage measures how much a reservoir can hold. Dependable annual supply also depends on available water rights, refill opportunities and operating rules.
  9. Halligan's planning case called for about seven thousand nine hundred acre-feet of dependable additional water each year by twenty sixty-five. That was the projected municipal and industrial need. The added reservoir space was one part of meeting it.
  10. The city wanted that expansion to serve current and future customers and improve reliability during prolonged drought. A July twenty twenty-four presentation also stressed resilience to climate uncertainty. By June third, twenty twenty-six, the city was publicly exploring NISP as an alternative.
  11. Nicole Poncelet-Johnson, the city's One Water executive director, says permitting drove the switch. She said, “Halligan Reservoir was not going to get permitted, and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers was making that very clear to us.”
  12. The Corps published Halligan's final environmental impact statement in October twenty twenty-three. The city later concluded approval was unlikely. A resolution authorizing withdrawal of its permit application went on the October twentieth council agenda. Halligan's earlier twenty twenty-six through twenty thirty construction window belonged to that previous plan.
  13. Halligan's reported expansion estimate is about five hundred million dollars. But the city's project listing gives three hundred eight million dollars. Nobody has explained the difference between those figures, so the city's affordability claim needs a consistent financial comparison.
  14. Poncelet-Johnson calls NISP the more affordable project. To judge that claim, customers need costs measured on the same basis. That means matching price years, financing interest and the expenses of operating, maintaining and delivering the water. Forty years of expected investment can't settle that comparison by itself.
  15. The wider NISP project carried a reported two-point-seven-billion-dollar estimate in August twenty twenty-five. Contract bids had been halted while designs were being scaled back. That dated regional figure covers multiple facilities and doesn't set Fort Collins' eventual obligation.
  16. Procurement continued into twenty twenty-six, including a solicitation for Glade's main embankment. Northern Water is assembling a system that includes reservoirs, a forebay where water collects before pumping, and tunnel and canal connections.
  17. Glade would capture Poudre River water primarily during high-flow spring runoff. Water would travel about two miles from near the canyon mouth, through an inlet canal and forebay, then pumping infrastructure, to reach the off-channel reservoir.
  18. NISP also includes Galeton Reservoir northeast of Greeley, planned to hold forty-five thousand six hundred acre-feet. The whole system is intended to deliver up to forty thousand acre-feet of new water annually to Northern Front Range providers. Fort Collins' proposal centers on storing its existing rights.
  19. The city's senior rights are on the east side of the Continental Divide. Poncelet-Johnson says storing them would help Fort Collins prepare for climate change and uncertainty over Colorado River water. The benefit would depend on reservoir operations and delivery arrangements.
  20. Poncelet-Johnson also says project changes added protections for the Poudre River's viability and helped change the city's position. Those commitments will help determine the value of participation alongside the storage space and price.
  21. Northern Water and Save the Poudre reached a settlement over the federal NISP permit, announced in February twenty twenty-five. Save the Poudre also referred to that settlement this October. The permit dispute had already moved beyond its original challenge.
  22. Northern Water describes more than twenty years of environmental review and permitting, covering sixteen project concepts and two hundred fifteen configurations. It says Glade's location was chosen from more than two hundred potential sites. River conditions after diversions begin will test the protections in practice.
  23. About seven miles of U.S. Highway two eighty-seven would move east to make room for Glade. The replacement would be a two-lane arterial, completed before the existing highway closes, preserving the connection between Fort Collins and Laramie, Wyoming.
  24. Part of the current route could eventually sit beneath reservoir water. A traffic-switch date hasn't been announced.
  25. Fort Collins has chosen a direction for banking its existing water. The city says another council consideration and vote are required. The final storage entitlement, enforceable river protections and financing terms still need to become a binding bargain. Water customers don't yet have a project-specific household bill estimate.

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