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德国首架F-35：押注100亿欧元换取威慑

得克萨斯州已有1架，另有34架待交付：柏林接收隐形战机说明了什么？这关乎重新武装、核共享，以及对华盛顿的依赖。

文字 阅读需 4 分钟 · 1 个来源

HeyDex

原语言视频

译自英文原文。

德国如今已将100亿欧元押在一条跑道上。据报道，这笔款项是35架美国隐形战斗机的价格，而德国目前仅接收了其中1架——本月在得克萨斯州验收，历经三年制造，另有34架尚待交付。对于一个几十年来一直让军队装备不足的国家而言，这是一笔惊人的巨款，也足以说明俄罗斯2022年入侵乌克兰如何彻底改写了柏林对安全成本的认知。⁠1

35德国空军订购的F-35战机 1
1目前已在得克萨斯州交付的战机 1
~€10B据报订单金额，未提供细目 1
100+据称部署在欧洲的美国核弹 1

国防部长鲍里斯·皮斯托里乌斯在洛克希德·马丁公司位于得克萨斯州的生产设施正式接收了首架F-35，并称这一时刻标志着德国空军和北约威慑进入新时代。这番措辞是经过斟酌的。这并未被描述为一次例行采购，而是对冷战后克制政策的突破，也是迄今德国转向重新武装的最具体一步。⁠1

这一转变始于2022年2月。俄罗斯全面入侵乌克兰，打破了德国数十年来不愿大举投入国防的局面；35架F-35的订单正是这一冲击直接带来的结果。每架飞机的制造时间约为三年，因此，此次交接开启的是漫长的交付过程，而非立刻形成作战能力：未来数月乃至数年，还将持续进行交付、验收测试和飞行员改装训练，之后才能称得上拥有一支真正的机队。⁠1

从入侵到首架交付

从入侵到首架交付

  1. 2022年2月

    俄罗斯入侵乌克兰，打破德国防务克制政策。

    1
  2. 2022年

    德国订购35架F-35，金额约为100亿欧元。

    1
  3. 2026年9月

    首架战机在得克萨斯州交付给皮斯托里乌斯。

    1

这款飞机本身意在为冷战时代画上句号。德国空军的“狂风”战机是20世纪80年代的攻击与侦察主力机型，虽经多次升级，却日益老旧；它们将由第五代隐形战机取代。新战机配备先进的传感器融合系统，关键是具备核能力。计划中的作战部署地点是德国西部的布歇尔基地；这座小型基地数十年来一直承担北约核共享任务。⁠1

地点

  1. 01美国得克萨斯州
  2. 02德国布歇尔

正是这一部署选择让这则新闻超越了常规空中力量的范畴。在北约核共享安排下，德国飞机被指定在战时搭载美国核武器，而武器本身仍由美国保管。“狂风”承担了这一任务；F-35则是为接替它而设计的。此次交付正值欧洲据报部署着100多枚美国核弹，以支撑这一威慑态势。⁠1

对北约而言，实际收益在于互操作性。多个盟国使用同一款隐形战机，能让联合行动、维护、训练和数据共享变得远比各国机型杂乱拼凑更简单；这也使德国直接参与联盟的核威慑任务，而在威慑可信度至关重要的当下，这一点尤其重要。从这个意义上说，皮斯托里乌斯是对的：得克萨斯州的这架战机已释放出德国空军将有所不同的信号，它将融入盟国空中力量，而不是与之分离。⁠1

但同一事实也暴露了欧洲防务辩论的核心矛盾。欧洲最具重大意义的新能力，仍依赖美国制造的硬件和由美国掌控的安排——从得克萨斯州的生产线，到布歇尔基地的武器保管，再到未来数十年的软件、备件和升级。这种依赖与欧洲高声疾呼的战略自主理念格格不入；所谓战略自主，就是欧洲应当能够独立行动并实施威慑。⁠1

这些数字也令人不免怀疑。据报约100亿欧元的金额没有区分机体、支持服务、武器、训练和布歇尔基地基础设施的成本，而历史经验表明，所有这些费用加起来后，项目总成本会更高。剩余34架的交付时间表尚未公布，全面形成作战能力的日期尚未确认，机队核任务的确切公开定义也付之阙如，因此这个醒目的总额既是一个占位数字，也只是一个价格。⁠1

已知

  • 德国于2026年9月在得克萨斯州接收了35架F-35中的首架。 1
  • 据报订单金额约为100亿欧元，未提供成本细目。 1
  • 具备核能力的战机将取代“狂风”战机，计划部署在布歇尔基地。 1

未知

  • 剩余34架的交付时间表以及全面形成作战能力的时间尚未公布。
  • 尚无涵盖训练、武器和布歇尔基地基础设施的项目总成本。
  • 机队核任务的确切公开定义尚未公布。

后续

  • 关注验收测试、飞行员训练以及战机调往布歇尔基地的进展。
  • 关注柏林是否公布详细的成本和交付时间表。

最后还有一点需要说明。这次交接、相关成本、部署计划和核背景的全部信息，都来自一家媒体的报道——德国之声新闻于2026年9月19日刊发的报道，尚未获得独立佐证。这并不意味着报道有误，但这意味着，押注的规模比具体条件更加清楚。德国已加入美国主导的威慑体系，面向下一代；这将耗资多少、何时能从德国领土起飞，以及欧洲的独立性会因此受到多大影响，仍是悬而未决的问题。⁠1

来源1

在此处引用的来源中，DW News最先发布，比本报道播出早6小时。
  1. DW News
  2. HeyDay News
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来自 1 家媒体的 1 个来源· 引用最多的优先

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  1. Germany has taken delivery of its first F-35 stealth fighter — a ten-billion-euro bet on nuclear deterrence. Defense Minister Boris Pistorius accepted the aircraft at Lockheed Martin's Texas facility, calling it a new era for the Luftwaffe and NATO. The jet is the first of 35, nuclear-capable, and set to replace the aging Tornado at Buechel in western Germany. With 34 more jets to come, can Europe call itself strategically independent?
  2. That ten-billion-euro contract covers 35 jets, each taking about three years to build. That works out to roughly 285 million euros per jet. But the figure comes with no breakdown between the aircraft themselves, support, and infrastructure. And it's a figure that sits in stark contrast to Germany's post-Cold War defense budgets, which were famously tight for decades.
  3. The order was a direct response to Russia's invasion, a moment that overturned decades of German reluctance to invest heavily in defense. That invasion rewrote Germany's security calculus, and this delivery is the most concrete result. The decision to buy American F-35s was a break from the past, signaling a new willingness to spend on defense. Today, the first jet is in German hands, but it's a single aircraft among many more to come.
  4. The jet was handed over in Texas, but its operational home will be Buechel in western Germany — the same base that has hosted NATO's nuclear mission for decades. That makes this delivery as much about deterrence as it is about airpower.
  5. The Tornado has been the Luftwaffe's strike workhorse since the Cold War. It first entered service in the 1980s and has been upgraded repeatedly. The F-35 was built to take over that role, with a modern stealth design, advanced sensor fusion, and the ability to carry nuclear weapons.
  6. From the production line in Texas to the forests of western Germany, this jet's journey spans an ocean. At Buechel, it will join an existing nuclear mission that has been in place since the Cold War. The base is a small military installation, but it's been at the center of NATO's deterrence strategy for decades.
  7. Just one jet has arrived so far. The remaining 34 will be delivered over the coming months, with testing and pilot training continuing. Only after that will the fleet be fully operational at Buechel. That's a process that will take years to complete.
  8. The nuclear dimension is why this delivery matters beyond conventional airpower. Buechel has been the home of NATO's nuclear sharing mission for decades. Under that arrangement, the Tornado has carried US nuclear weapons, and the F-35 is designed to take over that role. More than 100 US nuclear bombs are held across Europe under NATO arrangements. The weapons themselves remain under American custody, even though German aircraft would carry them. That's part of the dependence that unsettles Berlin. But many questions remain open: when exactly the other 34 jets arrive, what the full program will cost once weapons, training, and infrastructure are added, and what nuclear role the fleet will ultimately play.
  9. For NATO, the F-35 means greater interoperability — a common platform across allied air forces, tying Germany into the alliance's nuclear mission. But it also underscores Europe's dependence on American-made hardware and American control — a tension with calls for strategic autonomy.
  10. So what happens next? The remaining 34 jets are to be delivered over the coming months, with testing and pilot training continuing. The full cost of the program — including weapons, training, and infrastructure at Buechel — has not been published. And the precise nuclear role these jets will play remains to be defined. This first F-35 stands as both a promise and a question mark for Germany's rearmament. The questions of timing, cost, and nuclear role are still open. And the broader question of Europe's strategic autonomy is far from settled.

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