司法 · 沙卡霍拉判决

麦肯齐因沙卡霍拉191人死亡案被判谋杀罪成立,但家属仍在等待答案

肯尼亚法院认定,麦肯齐和28名同伙须为致命的禁食制度负责。判决涉及191人死亡,并非整个沙卡霍拉事件的死亡总数;宣判定于11月6日。

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对于那些寻求沙卡霍拉190名儿童和1名成人死亡真相的家庭而言,谋杀罪判决确认了刑事责任,但并未确认每一名遇难者的身份,也没有厘清在森林及相关搜寻中发现遗骸的所有死者的情况。这正是这项判决与肯尼亚绝食邪教悲剧仍待完成的全面追责之间的距离。1 4

2026年10月19日,蒙巴萨高等法院裁定,传教士保罗·恩滕格·麦肯齐及28名同伙谋杀罪名成立,涉及上述191起死亡案件。法官戴安娜·卡韦扎·莫查切认定,被告共同采取行动,推行并维持致命的禁食制度。她认定,这些死亡是管理该制度者的违法行为及不作为所致。4 9 10

这一区别至关重要。这并非仅仅认定信徒接受宗教教义后死亡,而是认定维持致其死亡的制度者负有责任。

关键事实

  1. 191谋杀罪判决所涉遇难者 2435
  2. 190其中的儿童人数 2435
  3. 29被定罪人数,包括麦肯齐 46935

法院认定他们须对何事负责

麦肯齐在沿海城镇马林迪创立了国际好消息教会。2023年,在该团体位于沙卡霍拉森林的基地发现遗体,揭露了后来成为搜寻和起诉对象的死亡事件。谋杀案审判在蒙巴萨举行;它与森林中的遗体搜寻及身份确认工作并非同一项行动。2 4

检方称,麦肯齐和教会组织了一个教派,指示信徒相信禁食可以让他们升入天堂,并要求他们让自己和孩子挨饿。法官的认定不止于描述这种信仰:禁食被鼓励并强制执行,作为升入天堂的途径,而且从儿童开始。半岛电视台报道称,法院驳回了麦肯齐关于自己没有强迫遇难者挨饿的说法。1 2 7

这一驳回是判决的核心。麦肯齐的否认试图将自己与信徒的死亡撇清关系。法院则认定,他与其他被告共同维持了这一致命制度,并为此负有责任。法官认定他们的行为构成刑事责任,宗教话语并不能免除这种责任。

被告在2024年对191项谋杀罪名均作出无罪抗辩。麦肯齐的律师辩称,检方主要依赖间接证据、传闻陈述和结论不确定的法证鉴定结果。这些是辩方提出的异议,并非法院对案件证据强度的结论。尽管存在这些异议,法官仍判被告有罪。4

澳大利亚ABC News报道称,检方提交了123名证人的证词。德意志之声称,判决前的庭审持续了8个多小时——这指的是最终作出判决的那场庭审,并非整个审判历时。完整判决书和遇难者名单当时无法获得,因此无法确认法院如何处理每项证据异议,也无法确认如何评估每名被告的具体角色。2 6

界定这项判决的数字

得到最有力交叉印证的数字是29名被定罪者:麦肯齐和28名同伙。CBS News于10月19日报道了这一数字,德意志之声也作了同样报道,其报道说法官认定检方已证明针对全部29名被告的指控。肯尼亚媒体KBC和Citizen Digital的报道也支持麦肯齐加28名同伙这一数字。4 6 9 35

另有一个相互矛盾的数字。BBC News在10月19日的报道说,麦肯齐之外还有29名领导者被定罪,这意味着总人数为30人。这与CBS News同日报道的28名同伙不符。这一差异尚未得到解决,但不能据此在交叉印证更充分的总数上再加一人。8 4

遇难者人数的说法则更为一致:190名儿童和1名成人,共191人。不过,《南华早报》10月19日的标题称有191名儿童和1名成人,意味着遇难者共192人,而其正文写的是190名儿童和1名成人。澳大利亚ABC News在10月20日的报道也给出了191人的总数。目前没有证据表明《南华早报》的标题已作更正,但其暗示的较大总数并非这项判决所支持的范围。5 2

这些数字不能互换。被告人数说明有多少人被定罪。191起罪名所涉的是本次起诉覆盖的死亡事件。这两个数字都不代表整个沙卡霍拉灾难的规模。

判决并非最终统计

沙卡霍拉及相关搜寻中发现的遗体已超过400具。遗骸在浅墓和集体墓中被发现,首次发现后的数年间又有新的发现,使总数不断上升。《独立报》报道称,对本判决所涉死亡事件之外的案件,调查仍在继续。因此,谋杀案判决涉及的191名死者只是这场更大悲剧的一部分,并非最终死亡总数。1 4 8

《每日民族报》2025年11月19日的一篇报道说,当局正试图确认453名遇难者的身份。这是较大范围身份确认工作中的一个历史数字,并非判决当日经核实的最终遗体发现数量。现有报道没有解释检方如何依据法证或起诉标准,从中选定本案起诉的191起死亡事件。20

《独立报》还报道称,只有26具遗体已确认身份。但这一数字的日期、分母和身份确认方法均不明确。不能据此认定这是191名遇难者中已确认身份的人数,也不能用它计算本案中还有多少遇难者身份未明。定罪与身份确认回答的是不同问题;家属可能仍需要两方面的答案。1

这项判决也没有确定沙卡霍拉其他诉讼的结果。德意志之声报道称,2026年1月另行提起了与附近村庄发现的52具遗体有关的指控,但此处无法确认其结果。也没有证据表明麦肯齐在本次定罪后宣布提出辩护方上诉。6

这起谋杀案接下来的既定程序是2026年11月6日宣判。麦肯齐及其他被定罪被告正等待处罚;不能仅凭有罪判决推断刑罚。法院将裁定他们因这191起谋杀应受何种刑罚,而身份确认工作及对其他死亡事件的调查仍未完成。2 7 1

播出原貌 14 行
  1. Paul Mackenzie has been convicted of murdering 190 children and one adult. Twenty-eight associates were also convicted, and all now await punishment for 191 murders. What did the court find they did, and how far does this verdict reach?
  2. The High Court in Mombasa delivered the verdict on October 19, 2026. The convictions hold the defendants responsible for deaths caused by a fasting regime that they worked together to keep in place.
  3. Justice Diana Kavedza Mochache found that Mackenzie and the other accused acted together to implement and sustain the deadly regime. She tied the deaths to their unlawful actions and failures to act. Her finding placed responsibility on those running it.
  4. The judge found that fasting was encouraged and enforced as a way to enter heaven, starting with children. Mackenzie maintained that he hadn't forced the victims to starve. The court rejected that defense and found him guilty of murder.
  5. Bodies discovered in Shakahola Forest in 2023 exposed the deaths at the group's base. Mackenzie had established Good News International Church in the coastal town of Malindi. The murder trial took place in Mombasa, separate from the forest recovery operation.
  6. Prosecutors said Mackenzie and the church organized a sect that instructed followers to starve themselves and their children. Followers were taught that doing so would take them to heaven. The court's finding was that the accused collectively maintained the regime that caused these deaths.
  7. Mackenzie and 28 associates make 29 convicted people. A conflicting count gives 29 associates, which would make 30. Justice Mochache said the prosecution proved its case against all 29 accused. The one-person discrepancy hasn't been resolved.
  8. Mackenzie and his associates pleaded not guilty to the 191 murder counts in 2024. His lawyers argued that the case relied largely on circumstantial evidence, hearsay and inconclusive forensic findings. The judge convicted the accused despite those objections.
  9. The victims were 190 children and one adult. A conflicting headline gives 191 children plus one adult, which would mean 192 victims. The article beneath that headline uses the 191-person total.
  10. Prosecutors reportedly presented evidence from 123 witnesses. The hearing that ended with the verdict lasted more than eight hours. That was the final hearing in a murder case in which the defendants had entered their pleas two years earlier.
  11. More than 400 bodies have been recovered from Shakahola and associated searches. This murder judgment covers 191 victims within that wider tragedy. Investigators continued finding bodies after the initial discovery, and investigations into other deaths are still open.
  12. Searchers found bodies in shallow graves and mass graves, with further discoveries increasing the total over the following years. By November 2025, authorities were trying to identify 453 victims. That historical identification figure doesn't give a final recovery total for the day of the verdict.
  13. Only 26 bodies have reportedly been identified, but it's unclear which group of remains that figure covers, or when it was counted. It can't tell families how many of the 191 victims in this prosecution have been identified.
  14. Mackenzie and the other convicted defendants now await sentencing on November 6, 2026. They could face life imprisonment. The court will decide their punishment for these 191 murders while the identification of victims and investigations into other deaths continue.

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