司法 · 卡斯特罗逮捕令

佛罗里达州已对劳尔·卡斯特罗签发逮捕令。它能把他带上法庭吗?

佛罗里达州新取得的共谋逮捕令,为追究1996年四人遇难事件新增了一起州级案件。能否将这位古巴前领导人带到法官面前,仍是尚未解决的考验。

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1 篇报道26 家媒体38 个来源

佛罗里达州能否凭借针对劳尔·卡斯特罗的逮捕令,让他出庭受审?佛罗里达州新近宣布就1996年“救援兄弟会”飞机被击落事件提起诉讼,由此引出了这个问题。古巴军机击毁两架手无寸铁的民用飞机、导致四名男子丧生,30年后,佛罗里达州在现有联邦案件之外,也提出了追究责任的要求。当局尚未宣布逮捕卡斯特罗,也没有宣布已安排将他送上法庭。4 14

佛罗里达州检察长詹姆斯·乌特迈尔于2026年10月19日在迈阿密佛罗里达国际大学宣布了这份州级逮捕令。州全境检察办公室和佛罗里达州执法局取得了该逮捕令。据报道,对这位95岁的古巴前领导人提出的指控是共谋实施一级谋杀。这是一起独立的州级诉讼,并非5月公开的联邦起诉案换了个名称。2 4 7

这一区别在两个方面都很重要。佛罗里达州采取了法律行动,不再只是公开谴责卡斯特罗。但授权当局寻求逮捕他的逮捕令,并不能证明当局能够找到他、确保他被移交,或证明他有罪。

逮捕令背后的四条人命

袭击发生于1996年2月24日。古巴军机击落了两架与“救援兄弟会”有关的无武装民用轻型飞机。国会调查结果称,这些飞机毫无防御能力,对古巴政府、军方或民众均不构成威胁。这些调查结果确立了官方对这起袭击的历史定性;但仅凭这些结果,并不能证明卡斯特罗本人应承担刑事责任。21 22 24

卡洛斯·科斯塔、巴勃罗·莫拉莱斯、马里奥·德拉佩尼亚和小阿曼多·阿莱杭德雷遇难。CBS迈阿密报道称,其中三人是美国公民,一人是合法居民,但没有逐一说明各人的身份类别。他们的死亡是州级和联邦诉讼的共同缘由。2 21

对欢迎这份逮捕令的官员而言,这项宣布回应了一个持续了三十多年的要求。迈阿密-戴德县委员娜塔莉·米利安·奥尔比斯在CBS迈阿密转载的一份声明中说:“这四名男子的家人等了三十年,终于等到了这一天。”她还说:“迈阿密从未忘记他们,佛罗里达州也没有忘记他们,劳尔·卡斯特罗也绝不该忘记,我们正在追究到底。”2

这些话表达了正义诉求的持久性。逮捕令能否促成审判,则是另一个问题,取决于证据、羁押情况和各国政府的行动,而不仅仅是这项公告的力度。

检方必须证明的佛罗里达州关联

州方的理论是,将在佛罗里达州进行的据称准备工作与古巴附近发生的杀人事件联系起来。卡斯特罗被控同意杀害飞机上的人员。根据CBS迈阿密对法院文件的报道,古巴间谍传递了飞行信息,并监视基韦斯特海军基地。报道称,宣誓书将这些活动列为认定佛罗里达州境内发生过合谋的依据。2

据称存在的这项合谋是该指控的核心。州方并非仅仅指出受害者曾居住在哪里,或他们的死讯在哪里引发哀悼;州方指称,这场合谋的部分活动发生在佛罗里达州。检方仍须证明该合谋协议确实存在,并证明卡斯特罗参与其中。这项宣布并未解决这两个问题。

乌特迈尔以明确肯定的措辞陈述了检方的指控:

劳尔·卡斯特罗冷血地下令杀害四名佛罗里达州居民,佛罗里达州绝不会停止追究这场共产主义阴谋的责任。

詹姆斯·乌特迈尔 2

他还指控卡斯特罗政权的间谍在佛罗里达州社区活动,向哈瓦那输送情报,并协助将民用飞行员置于“古巴米格战机的瞄准之下”。这些是检察长提出的指控,并非经过审判后得出的认定。2

NBC6指出,签署逮捕令的法官是佛罗里达州第十一司法巡回区首席法官阿丽亚娜·法哈多·奥尔尚。签署后的逮捕令、支持逮捕令的宣誓书以及完整的州级案件档案,均无法供人独立查阅。因此,确切的签署日期、州级案号、法律条款和指控总数仍未得到核实。10月19日是经核实的公开宣布日期,并非经过独立核实的签发日期。4 6

现有报道支持对指控的具体描述,即共谋实施一级谋杀。更宽泛地简述为卡斯特罗被控谋杀,不应被解读为确认另有一项独立的实质性谋杀罪名。要确定逮捕令的完整范围,需要查看作为依据的起诉文件。2 7

两起案件,一个执法难题

联邦诉讼早于这次州级公告。2026年5月20日,司法部宣布公开一份替代起诉书,指控劳尔·莫德斯托·卡斯特罗·鲁斯及五名共同被告与同一飞机击落事件有关。该案由美国佛罗里达南区联邦地区法院审理。14 15

现有的联邦法院文件摘录上盖有4月23日的立案印章,案卷登记日期则为4月29日。这些日期分别指立案和登记;5月20日指的是公开起诉书的日期。这些日期均不能作为佛罗里达州逮捕令的日期。虽然联邦案件案号以03开头,但记录证实的是一份于2026年指控卡斯特罗的替代起诉书,而不是卡斯特罗本人在2003年受到该起诉书指控。14 15

新增州级诉讼,为追究责任另辟了一条途径。但它并未解决眼下如何取得被告的问题。没有任何经过查阅的记录证明卡斯特罗已被逮捕、登记入案或拘押;也没有宣布已正式提出引渡请求,或已安排引渡程序。

乌特迈尔曾指出,出行可能会带来机会。CiberCuba报道称,他曾警告,如果卡斯特罗前往与美国签有引渡协议的国家,包括前往接受医疗治疗,就可能面临被捕和引渡。引渡是请求另一国移交某人以便提起诉讼的程序。他的警告是有条件的:卡斯特罗必须出行,当局必须找到他,另一国政府也必须采取行动。这并不是在宣布某个外国政府已同意移交他。31

目前没有经核实的听证、提审或审判日期可供列入日程。下一步有意义的进展将是公布完整的、已签署的州级文件,并实际采取执法行动。目前,佛罗里达州为一场持续已久的正义行动增添了一项法律诉求。但这项诉求能否最终经受法庭检验,仍未有定论。

播出原貌 15 行
  1. Cuban military aircraft shot down two unarmed civilian planes, killing four men.
  2. Thirty years later, Florida is pursuing former Cuban leader Raúl Castro over those deaths. The ninety-five-year-old already faces a federal prosecution. The new state warrant gives Florida another route to seek accountability. Can authorities turn that warrant into a court appearance?
  3. Attorney General James Uthmeier announced the warrant at Florida International University in Miami on October nineteenth, 2026. The Office of Statewide Prosecution and the Florida Department of Law Enforcement obtained it. Chief Judge Ariana Fajardo Orshan, of Florida's Eleventh Judicial Circuit, signed the warrant.
  4. The state accuses Castro of conspiracy to commit first-degree murder. Prosecutors allege he agreed to the killing of the people aboard the aircraft. Officials haven't announced that he's been arrested. His guilt would have to be decided in court.
  5. Uthmeier went further in his public statement, accusing Castro of ordering the killings. He also accused Cuban spies of helping the military target civilian pilots. Those accusations describe the prosecution's case against Castro, and they still have to be proved.
  6. Uthmeier said, “Raúl Castro ordered the murder of four Floridians in cold blood, and Florida will never stop pursuing accountability for that communist conspiracy.” He said spies fed intelligence to Havana and helped put civilian pilots in the crosshairs of Cuban MiGs.
  7. Prosecutors allege Cuban spies transmitted flight information and monitored the naval station in Key West. They say those activities give Florida a basis to prosecute a conspiracy within the state, even though Cuban military aircraft attacked the planes off Cuba.
  8. The state is therefore seeking to connect preparations in Florida to the deaths aboard the aircraft. Prosecutors would have to prove Castro participated in the alleged agreement. The warrant allows authorities to seek his arrest while that accusation awaits a courtroom test.
  9. The attack happened on February twenty-fourth, 1996. Cuban military aircraft destroyed two unarmed civilian light planes associated with Brothers to the Rescue. Congressional findings described the planes as defenseless and posing no threat to Cuba's government, military or people.
  10. Carlos Costa, Pablo Morales, Mario de la Peña and Armando Alejandre Junior died. Three were U.S. citizens and one was a legal resident. Their deaths underlie both prosecutions, and the demand for accountability has continued across three decades.
  11. Miami-Dade Commissioner Natalie Milian Orbis applauded the warrant. She said, “The families of these four men have waited three decades for this day.” She also said, “Miami has never forgotten them, Florida has not forgotten them, and Raúl Castro should never forget that we are coming.”
  12. Federal prosecutors had already charged Castro and five co-defendants over the same shootdown. The defendants named in that case include Lorenzo Alberto Perez Perez and Emilio Jose Palacio Blanco. That prosecution is in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Florida.
  13. The federal indictment was filed April twenty-third and entered on the docket April twenty-ninth. It was publicly unsealed May twentieth. Florida announced its warrant October nineteenth. That October date marks the public announcement of the state action.
  14. Uthmeier warned that Castro could face arrest and extradition if he traveled to a country with extradition agreements, including for medical treatment. Extradition is the process of asking another country to surrender someone for prosecution. His warning depended on Castro traveling and another government acting.
  15. Florida has added a state demand to bring Castro before a judge. Executing it would require authorities to reach him and secure his surrender. No formal extradition request or scheduled extradition proceeding has been announced.

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