科学 · 托伦斯河
托伦斯河出现疑似锦鲤,本土野生动物恢复工作拉响警报
在阿德莱德的河流中出现疑似锦鲤后,德恩库特正在使用渔网。现存的金鱼种群说明了尽早拦截为何重要。
原语言视频
文字实录 · 正在加载
译自英文原文。
新闻追踪第 1 天
1 篇报道9 家媒体15 个来源
对于那些致力于让阿德莱德托伦斯河恢复本土野生动物的人来说,别人丢弃的观赏鱼并不只是别人家的弃养宠物。它可能成为他们试图保护的动物面临的又一个竞争者。在河流两段区域有人目击疑似锦鲤后,一项捕捉这些色彩鲜艳鱼类的行动由此展开。 1
在 ABC News 于 10月27日 报道前的一周内,人们在圣彼得斯堰和哈克尼桥之间发现了十多条鱼,地点靠近哈克尼。鱼群包括鲜橙色、黑色和多色鱼。更上游的德恩库特也有人报告发现少量鱼,目前正在使用渔网尝试捕捉它们。 1
这些是目击报告,不是普查结果。鱼类鉴定仍属初步判断:目前尚无基于捕获的确认或检查结果。捕获总数也尚未公布。水中有渔网,意味着拦截行动正在进行,并不意味着这两段河域中的任何一段已经清除鱼类。 1
负责管理托伦斯河环境的绿阿德莱德机构(Green Adelaide)的斯图尔特·科拉德告诉 ABC,这种集中出现的情况并不寻常。
我们从未在河中见过这么多锦鲤,事实上,甚至几乎没有相关记录。
绿阿德莱德机构怀疑这些鱼是由公众放生的。这一解释尚未得到证实,也没有人被确认负有责任。这群鱼不同寻常,足以成为调查并尽早采取行动的理由;但它并不能证明是谁把鱼放在那里,甚至不能证明它们是如何进入河中的。 1
水中早已有警讯
当地最有力的警讯来自金鱼。绿阿德莱德机构在河流调查中经常捕到金鱼,科拉德表示,据了解托伦斯河中存在一个能够自我维持的金鱼种群。他告诉 ABC:“人们确实会把它们放生,据我们了解,河里有一个能够自我维持的种群。”他还说:“这里不是这些物种适宜生活的地方。” 1
这一历史情况解释了为何必须尽快采取行动,但并不能确定新近目击的鱼类处于何种状态。已经形成的金鱼种群表明,观赏鱼可以在这条水道中存活繁衍。但这并不能证明疑似锦鲤已经繁殖,也不能证明它们已经形成持久种群。
科拉德介绍了锦鲤可能给河流带来压力的两种方式。它们和欧洲鲤一样,会与本土鱼类争夺食物。它们还在河底觅食、搅动沉积物并扰动植物,从而影响植物生长。这些是采取行动背后的生态风险,并非归因于这群特定鱼类、且已测量确认的损害。 1
入侵物种委员会的詹姆斯·约翰斯顿对这些目击报告表示失望,因为目前正投入资金和精力,帮助本土鱼类、沼狸和其他野生动物繁衍兴旺。令人担忧的是,必须保护这项恢复工作,避免它承受另一种本可避免的压力,而不是宣称已经发生了某种经过统计的生态损失。 1
河流的恢复目标还包括鸭嘴兽。南澳大利亚州政府于8月宣布追加 A$4 million,帮助鸭嘴兽重返托伦斯河;它们上一次在这里留下记录是在 1880 年代。科拉德表示,这条河已接近再次具备维持鸭嘴兽生存的条件,而重新引入的动物可能来自维多利亚州。这仍是一个生态恢复目标,并非已经实现的回归。 1
相关规定与罚款注意事项
在南澳大利亚州饲养锦鲤,必须取得初级产业部长颁发的许可证,因为锦鲤被归类为有害物种。ABC 还报道称,将锦鲤、金鱼或其他非本地鱼类放入该州河流属于违法行为。持许可证饲养与将鱼放入水道是两回事:获准饲养鱼类,不等于获准放生。 1
广泛报道的罚款金额需要谨慎看待。ABC 提醒,倾倒这些鱼可能面临最高 A$120,000 的罚款。但目前核实到的原始法规文本是《渔业管理法》第78(1)条,即该法 2007 年最初颁布时的条文。该条规定,未经授权处理、持有或控制有害水生物种,自然人最高可被罚款 A$120,000,公司最高可被罚款 A$250,000。这项历史条文并不能确定截至 2026年10月,放生所有种类非本地鱼类的现行最高罚款。 1 2
实际操作上的指引远没有罚款问题那么复杂。南澳大利亚州初级产业部 PIRSA 向观赏鱼饲养者表示:“绝不要将不想要的观赏鱼放生或弃置在水道中……”不想要的宠物不能成为河流的负担。 3
已知
- 哈克尼附近和德恩库特均有人目击疑似锦鲤;德恩库特正在使用渔网尝试捕捉它们。 1
未知
- 目前尚无经确认的物种鉴定结果、捕获总数或清除结果。鱼是否已经繁殖、还有多少条,也尚无定论。
后续
- 请关注捕捉结果、确认物种的检查结果,以及这两段区域是否出现更多目击报告。
科拉德的首要任务是在入侵鱼类扩散并占据更多河域之前,尽早将其捕获。这才是衡量此次应对是否得当的合理标准:重点不是这些色彩鲜艳的鱼是否短暂消失在人们视线中,而是能否在另一个持久种群站稳脚跟之前将其拦截。 1
播出原貌 17 行
- Bright orange, black and multicoloured fish have appeared in the River Torrens.
- They're suspected koi, and nets are being used to catch some upstream. The concern is another lasting population competing with native wildlife in Adelaide's river.
- Can the fish be intercepted before their numbers grow?
- The brightly coloured group appeared last week between St Peters Weir and Hackney Bridge, near Hackney. A smaller number were seen farther upstream at Dernancourt. That's where nets are being used to try to catch them.
- Green Adelaide manages the Torrens environment and suspects members of the public released the fish. Nobody responsible has been identified, and how the fish entered the river hasn't been confirmed.
- More than a dozen suspected koi were seen near Hackney. That gives a sense of the group people spotted, rather than the river's total. Identifying them as koi still needs confirmation through capture or examination.
- Green Adelaide's Stuart Collard described that concentration as unusual. He said there had been few records of koi in the river at all. The concern is what these fish could become if they survive and spread.
- Goldfish already provide a warning. Green Adelaide regularly catches them during river surveys, and Collard says there's understood to be a self-sustaining population. Unwanted aquarium fish can survive beyond the moment someone releases them.
- That existing goldfish population explains the urgency around the new sightings. Whether these suspected koi have reproduced is still unknown. The capture effort aims to stop another invasive population gaining a foothold.
- Koi compete with native fish for food, much like European carp. As they feed along the bottom, they stir sediment and disturb riverbed plants. That can affect plant growth and put more pressure on the river's habitat.
- Those feeding habits explain the ecological concern. The response is aimed at preventing harm before an additional population expands through a waterway where people are already working to help native wildlife recover.
- James Johnston from the Invasive Species Council expressed disappointment at the sightings, given the money and effort supporting native fish, rakali and other wildlife. Collard's priority is catching invasive fish early, before they occupy more of the river.
- The state government announced another four million Australian dollars in August to help return platypus to the Torrens. They were last recorded there in the eighteen-eighties. Collard said the river was getting close to supporting them again, with reintroduced animals likely to come from Victoria.
- South Australia requires a permit from the Minister for Primary Industries to keep koi, which are treated as a noxious species. Releasing koi, goldfish or other non-native fish into the state's rivers is illegal.
- The original two thousand seven law set maximum penalties of one hundred and twenty thousand Australian dollars for individuals. For corporations, it was two hundred and fifty thousand. Those provisions covered unauthorised dealings in, or possession of, noxious aquatic species.
- Dumping fish could reportedly bring a fine of up to one hundred and twenty thousand Australian dollars. That maximum hasn't been confirmed for the current release offence. The practical rule is clear: unwanted aquarium fish must stay out of waterways.
- Collard says early interception gives the river its best protection against these fish expanding. Nets are being used at Dernancourt, but no catch total has been announced. Whether the effort has removed the fish, or more remain in either stretch, is still unknown.
来源
15 个来源9 家媒体
来源地图
追溯本篇报道的依据。图谱展示其关联;下方链接可打开本文引用的来源。
来源图谱将在您阅读时加载。
译文更新于
修订记录
- r1首次发布。
