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灾害 · 阿联酋溢油

阿联酋扩大关闭海滩范围,溢油损害仍不明

在石油冲上乌姆盖万海岸之际,哈姆里亚海滩预防性关闭,限制范围随之扩大。渔业作业受到影响,而溢油规模和生态影响仍然未知。

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  1. 第 1 次更新阿联酋扩大关闭海滩范围,溢油损害仍不明当前位置

海滩关闭范围广泛,但实际损害目前尚不明确。乌姆盖万当局已暂时关闭所有海滩和沿海区域,邻近的沙迦则宣布于2026年10月23日星期五预防性关闭哈姆里亚海滩。这一保护范围比已确认有石油冲上海岸的地点更广——这并不意味着每个关闭的海滩都已受到污染。2 17

不过,污染已经抵达部分海岸,这一点毋庸置疑。BBC Verify核实的星期五影像显示,石油在乌姆盖万附近冲上岸,将海水染成黑色。该媒体与情报公司MAIAR合作进行的卫星分析发现,截至10月21日,浮油已从油轮延伸超过35公里——22英里。这衡量的是浮油在水面上的延伸距离,并非受污染海滩的长度,也不是泄漏量。5

眼下的实际影响很明确:渔民已停止在受影响水域作业,公众进入相关区域受到限制,应对团队正努力限制污染进一步扩散。更远处还有脆弱的岛屿栖息地。尚未得到解答的问题是,在更多石油冲上岸之前,究竟能清除多少漂浮石油。12 5

沙迦政府媒体局的公告称,关闭哈姆里亚海滩是预防性措施,并未确认该海滩出现石油。Sharjah 24于星期五阿联酋时间下午5:10发布了这则阿拉伯语公告;这是发布时间,并非海滩实际停止开放的确切记录。在乌姆盖万,气候变化与环境部表示,关闭决定与技术评估以及确定必要的安全和海洋保护措施有关。18 2

早于星期五海滩关闭的泄漏

溢油并非随着星期五有关海滩的新闻才突然开始。卫星图像显示,本周早些时候已经发生泄漏;据信涉事的船只在沙迦扩大关闭范围约两周前受损。区分这些事件很重要:早先遭袭、之后出现可见泄漏,以及新实施的预防措施,并非同一天发生的同一事件。5

从船只受损到沿海限制措施

  1. 2026年10月9日

    Vanguard报道,一枚身份不明的投射物击中了悬挂巴拿马国旗的油轮GEM NO.2,地点在哈姆拉岛以北,引发的火灾后来已被扑灭。

    5
  2. 2026年10月19日

    BBC Verify审阅的图像显示,当时可见规模较小的泄漏。这不能确定泄漏何时开始。

    5
  3. 2026年10月21日

    卫星图像显示,经过两天的迅速扩散后,浮油已从油轮延伸超过35公里。

    5
  4. 2026年10月23日

    沙迦宣布预防性关闭哈姆里亚海滩。与此同时,当天拍摄并经核实的影像显示,石油在乌姆盖万附近冲上岸。

    175

BBC Verify将泄漏船只的位置和尺寸与GEM NO.2进行了比对。《The National》称,这艘油轮长330米。根据印度驻迪拜领事馆10月11日的确认,此前船只事故发生后,22名印度籍船员全部获救。他们获救的情况并非后来海岸污染事件的伤亡统计。5 2

这一识别结果是有说服力的证据,但并非官方认定:环境部没有公布油轮名称。位置和尺寸吻合,也不能确定早先的损坏究竟如何导致后来的泄漏、泄漏何时开始,或这是否解释了所有冲上海岸的石油。Vanguard所说的“身份不明的投射物”并未指明是谁发射的。5 2

最初那份部委公告的发布时间也仍未厘清。BBC在10月23日的报道中称,公告于10月22日星期四发布;《The National》的报道则称是在星期五清晨。两家媒体都称应对工作当时已经展开。但两者都未提供原始公告的发布时间戳,因此无法解决这一时间差异;两家媒体的发布日期也都不能确定溢油何时开始。5 2

影响已经可以衡量

星期五的市政部门报告称,相关团队正在监测环境状况、隔离受影响地点,并协助清理和处理工作。《Al Bayan》报道,沿海监测已加强,并正与专家协调,在情况发展过程中评估环境影响。这些是有记录的应对行动,并不代表整片浮油已被控制。13

对渔民来说,停工已是现实。《Emirates Today》报道,乌姆盖万的渔民已按照当局指示,停止在受影响区域捕鱼。限制适用于这些渔场;目前没有经核实的受影响从业人员人数、收入损失或赔偿数据,也没有依据称更广泛的渔业已经崩溃。12

居民还需要分清另一件容易被混淆的事:关于气味的安抚说法,并不等于获准进入受污染的水域。气候变化与环境部表示,在沙迦、阿治曼和乌姆盖万闻到的气味不会对居民健康构成风险。但该部门的指导意见仍包括远离冲上岸的石油,并避免在受影响区域捕鱼。这项评估并未确认受污染的水或海产品可以安全食用。2

迪拜和北部酋长国也有人报告闻到浓烈、刺鼻、类似燃料的气味。沙迦大学科学家戴安娜·弗朗西斯接受《The National》采访时解释,漂浮的石油会随洋流移动,并在蒸发时释放气味。萨里大学空气质量教授普拉尚特·库马尔表示,气味可随天气状况传播数十公里。这些解释有助于理解气味与可见污染为何相距甚远,但并不是对居民在此次泄漏中所受暴露程度的测量。2

阻止石油进入栖息地

浮油正朝着锡尼亚岛和霍尔拜达岛延伸。两岛属于公认的关键生物多样性区域,拥有珊瑚、海草和盐沼。绿海龟和极度濒危的哈拉维吉他鳐也在此栖息。浮油逼近这些区域,意味着必须紧急防止其进一步扩散,但这并不能证明所有栖息地或物种都已遭受损害。5

沙迦海洋科学研究中心主任史蒂夫·威迪科姆告诉BBC Verify,“造成影响是不可避免的”,同时强调目前尚无法评估影响程度。冲突与环境观察站科学家伊欧安·达比希尔称,浮油逼近这些栖息地是“最令人担忧的环境问题”。5

石油可能会困住海龟、弄脏海鸟羽毛并损伤鱼类鳃部。长期接触有毒化合物可能影响繁殖。这些是可能造成危害的机制,并非此次事故中已经观察到的野生动物损失。最终损害取决于石油的数量和种类、蒸发或分解的方式,以及清除工作的成效——这些重要因素目前仍未确定。5

纽约大学阿布扎比分校穆巴达拉阿拉伯气候与环境科学中心主任约翰·伯特告诉《The National》,在石油抵达海岸之前用围油栏围住并收集石油,将是理想的应对方式。这说的是首选方法,并非已确认部署的设备。他警告说,沿海修复可能成本高昂,恢复可能需要数年;这同样是在提醒人们溢油可能造成的后果,并非对这段海岸线的恢复时间作出预测。2

截至10月24日报道截止时,尚未宣布重新开放,也未确定清理工作完成日期。乌姆盖万解除限制的已公布条件,仍取决于技术评估以及安全措施。如今的考验不只是团队是否在工作——他们确实在工作——而是这些工作能否阻止更多石油演变成持续更久的沿海问题。2 12

播出原貌 21 行
  1. Oil turned the water black along Umm Al Quwain's shore.
  2. Authorities ordered all the emirate's beaches and coastal areas temporarily closed, and Sharjah added another precautionary beach closure. Fishermen have stopped working in affected waters. The immediate question is whether crews can prevent more oil reaching shore, especially around vulnerable island habitats.
  3. Sharjah announced the temporary closure of Al Hamriyah Beach on Friday, October 23. Authorities took that precaution against approaching pollution. Oil had already reached shores in neighbouring Umm Al Quwain, where the wider coastal shutdown was announced.
  4. The closure covers more coastline than the locations where oil has been confirmed. It doesn't mean every beach is contaminated. Al Hamriyah's closure announcement also gave no confirmation that oil had reached that beach. In Umm Al Quwain, access depends on technical assessments and the safety measures authorities identify.
  5. The slick stretched more than 35 kilometres from the tanker by October 21. That's 22 miles across the water. The measurement describes how far the oil extended from the vessel. It doesn't measure contaminated beach length or the quantity spilled.
  6. A smaller leak was visible on October 19, then expanded rapidly over the next two days. So oil was leaking earlier in the week. Friday brought the additional beach closure and continuing response work. The exact moment the leak began is still unclear.
  7. Municipal teams are monitoring coastal conditions, cordoning affected locations and supporting cleanup and treatment. Local and federal authorities are coordinating the response. Specialists are assessing environmental effects as conditions change, while surveillance continues along the coast to identify further pollution.
  8. The fishing interruption is already real. Fishermen in Umm Al Quwain stopped fishing in affected areas under the authorities' instructions. Other sea users have also been told to follow restrictions and avoid those grounds while containment and assessment work continues.
  9. The tanker damage dates to October 9 and 10. The smaller leak was visible on October 19, and the slick reached more than 35 kilometres by October 21. Al Hamriyah's closure followed on October 23, well after the earlier vessel incident.
  10. The leaking vessel's location and dimensions match GEM NO.2, a Panama-flagged crude-oil tanker described as 330 metres long. Maritime security company Vanguard said an unknown projectile struck it just north of Al Jazeera Al Hamra on October 9, starting a fire.
  11. The fire was later extinguished. Crew members moved across the deck and put on lifejackets beneath a large cloud of black smoke. All 22 Indian crew members were rescued, and the Indian consulate confirmed their rescue on October 11. No casualties from the shoreline spill have been reported.
  12. The environment ministry hasn't named the tanker. The imagery points to a vessel matching GEM NO.2, but investigators still need to determine how the earlier damage relates to the later leakage. The description of an unknown projectile doesn't identify who fired it.
  13. The ministry says the odours noticed in Sharjah, Ajman and Umm Al Quwain pose no health risk to residents. Its advice still includes staying away from washed-up oil and avoiding fishing in affected areas. That assessment concerns the smell.
  14. Residents in Dubai and the northern emirates had described a strong, acrid, fuel-like smell. Oil can move with currents and collect in rotating circulation patterns. Heat and wind encourage evaporation, which can release fuel-like odours far from visibly contaminated water.
  15. Khalifa University's Diana Francis explains that floating oil keeps moving unless it's removed, while some evaporates. Air-quality professor Prashant Kumar says smells can travel tens of kilometres, depending on wind and weather. Their explanations don't measure residents' exposure during this spill.
  16. The slick extends towards Siniyah and Khor Al Beidah islands, a recognised Key Biodiversity Area. Their habitats include corals, seagrasses and saltmarshes. Green turtles live there, along with the critically endangered Halavi guitarfish. The proximity makes preventing further spread especially important.
  17. Marine scientist Steve Widdicombe called it “inevitable that there will be an impact,” while stressing that its extent can't yet be assessed. Environmental scientist Eoghan Darbyshire called the proximity to those island habitats the “most concerning environmental angle.”
  18. Oil can trap turtles, foul seabirds' feathers and damage fish gills. Longer exposure to toxic compounds can affect reproduction. Those are possible effects of oil exposure. The damage here will depend on the oil's amount and type, how it breaks down, and how effectively crews remove it.
  19. Marine scientist John Burt says floating barriers that contain and collect oil before it reaches shore offer the ideal response. He's describing an option crews can use. He also warns that coastal cleanup can be expensive, and recovery after a spill can take years.
  20. That warning describes what coastal spills can do. The recovery time for this coast is still unknown. Crews are working to limit further contamination, but authorities haven't announced that the entire slick is contained or given a cleanup completion date.
  21. By the October 24 reporting cutoff, authorities hadn't announced a reopening date for either closure. Technical teams still have to assess conditions and identify the safety and marine-protection measures needed before restrictions can be lifted.

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