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美国击毁5艘伊朗油轮;油价突破100美元

两次导弹袭击均未命中后,5艘油轮被击沉;油价突破100美元,航母舰员已被逼至极限——但仍看不到脱身之路。

文字 阅读需 7 分钟 · 48 个来源

原语言视频

译自英文原文。

在颗粒感十足的视频中,M/T Riesco 船头朝下沉没,船身严重倾斜,黑烟从船体滚滚冒出,小艇则在远处待命。船上没有船员可以挽救它。美国开火前,船员已奉命撤离。⁠4 这张画面——一艘原油运输船在阿曼湾沉没的瞬间被拍下——是这一周各种说法与否认中最确凿的事实:2026年9月8日,美国击毁了5艘伊朗油轮。⁠3

据美国中央司令部称,此次报复是为了回应伊朗在两天内两次企图用弹道导弹袭击一艘未具名的美国海军军舰。⁠2 该舰两次都躲过了导弹袭击,没有美国人员受伤,目前仍在巡逻,舰名尚未公开。⁠3 遭到还击的油轮中,M/T Kaviz、M/T Charminar、M/T Horizon 1 和 M/T Riesco 这4艘伊朗原油运输船在阿曼湾被击中;第5艘 M/T Derya 则在伊朗主要原油出口终端哈尔克岛附近遭袭。⁠4

59月8日被击毁的伊朗油轮 3
高于 $1009月9日布伦特原油价格,7月以来首次 31
10约一周内被击毁的伊朗油轮 48

这个数字需要厘清,因为最初的报道有误。最初的报道说有3艘油轮,但那是9月5日至6日发生的另一场较早行动:美国在针对一艘航空母舰和一艘导弹驱逐舰的导弹袭击企图之后,击中3艘伊朗油轮;这两艘军舰也都躲过了袭击。⁠10 中央司令部公布的当周统计数字还要更高——约7天内,10艘与影子网络有关的伊朗油轮被击毁。⁠48 9月8日的袭击是这项统计中规模最大的一天,也是这场战争开始以来针对航运的最大一波袭击。⁠10

这场战争已持续6个月。战争始于2026年2月28日,当天美国和以色列发动“史诗怒火行动”,对伊朗军事和核设施实施联合打击,首轮攻势造成最高领袖阿里·哈梅内伊身亡。⁠43 此后,战事持续消耗,如今已蔓延到承载伊朗石油运输的水域。打击油轮,是针对革命卫队影子船队的经济战,也是向伊朗最后一条真正的石油生命线发出的信号。⁠48 哈尔克岛历来承担伊朗约90 percent的原油出口;其深水终端可供大型油轮使用,而伊朗大陆海岸的大部分水域较浅。⁠9 特朗普总统此前曾威胁要打击该地点本身。⁠1

经济影响立刻显现。9月9日,布伦特原油价格升至每桶100美元以上,为7月以来首次,推动因素包括袭击以及中国石油采购回升。⁠31 不同媒体分别称油价“突破”“越过”或“达到”100美元;而在这一轮行情早些时候,报道则称油价接近100美元。不过,路透社、BBC、彭博社等媒体对价格走势和时间的描述一致。⁠32⁠33 据报道,这场对抗是战争爆发以来针对航运的最大一波袭击,导弹齐射和油轮被毁推动基准油价逼近三位数,并威胁通过霍尔木兹海峡输送的全球供应。⁠10⁠37 油价达到100美元,不只是一个市场数字——它对更广泛的经济构成了现实的通胀威胁。⁠35

从“史诗怒火行动”到油价100美元

  1. 2026年2月28日

    美国和以色列发动“史诗怒火行动”;首轮攻势造成阿里·哈梅内伊身亡。

    43
  2. 2026年9月5日至6日

    美国在针对一艘航空母舰和一艘驱逐舰的袭击企图之后,击中3艘伊朗油轮。

    10
  3. 2026年9月8日

    美国击毁5艘油轮——4艘在阿曼湾,1艘在哈尔克岛附近。

    3
  4. 2026年9月9日

    伊朗向约旦基地发射约20枚导弹;布伦特原油价格突破100美元。

    1031

报复在一天之内到来

伊朗在一天之内作出回应,回应分为两条战线。德黑兰声称袭击了两艘美国驱逐舰——DDG-119“德尔伯特·D·布莱克”号和 DDG-53“约翰·保罗·琼斯”号——以及8艘油轮;但中央司令部称有关驱逐舰遭袭的说法不实,伊朗针对美国舰艇的所有袭击企图均未成功。⁠10 已获证实的是,伊朗向约旦一处供美军使用的基地发射了约20枚弹道导弹,地点位于穆瓦法克·萨尔蒂和阿兹拉克地区。约旦称其拦截了20枚导弹中的18枚,美国则称所有人员均已确认安全。⁠10 伊朗还声称袭击了霍尔木兹海峡附近的10艘船只,并称周三袭击了试图通过海峡的十多艘船只。⁠45

革命卫队警告科威特和巴林附近的油轮船员弃船,这两个国家都驻有美军;无论船只停泊在锚地还是泊位,船员都应撤离。⁠4 伊朗警告称,美国在海湾的能源资产易受攻击,并表示将在未来几天宣布海湾新的限制区。⁠42 美国引导船只通过霍尔木兹海峡的行动“自由计划”应巴基斯坦要求而暂停。⁠1 分析人士指出,伊朗如今还将威胁指向韩国航运,以及希腊和塞浦路斯;这些威胁牵涉北约相关影响。与此同时,胡塞武装在沙特阿拉伯发动袭击,也从第二条战线施加压力。⁠1

在基地遭受重大损毁后,美国在这些水域的部署本身也正在接受重新审视。官员正在讨论缩减美国在中东的存在。⁠1 退役将军戴维·彼得雷乌斯曾任中央司令部司令和中央情报局局长。他表示,在海湾东部维持大型基地的部署方式已不可行,并指出伊朗多次以导弹和无人机袭击包括卡塔尔乌代德空军基地和美国海军第五舰队巴林设施在内的枢纽。⁠1 他还指出,用昂贵的拦截弹打击廉价无人机在经济上难以为继,这一教训源于乌克兰大量使用廉价无人机的经验。⁠1 包括弗兰克·麦肯齐在内的其他退役指挥官主张分散兵力、将部署重心向西转移,而不是重建集中的基地。⁠1

在海湾东部维持大型基地的部署方式已不可行。

戴维·彼得雷乌斯 1

真正暴露这场行动如何令参战者精疲力竭的,不是那艘实际遭到攻击的军舰,而是海军承受的压力。9月8日遭到袭击的舰艇不是“亚伯拉罕·林肯”号。⁠1 “林肯”号于2025年11月21日离开圣迭戈,在中央司令部辖区执行封锁和打击行动约7个月,之后由“乔治·华盛顿”号接替。⁠15 9月2日至6日前后,该舰在泰国林查班首次停靠休整;此前它已离家约286天,其中有208天连续在海上。⁠1 截至9月8日,该舰位于南中国海,距离圣迭戈约20天航程。⁠1

“历史上最长部署”这一说法错在这里。报道称,“林肯”号是冷战结束以来部署时间最长的超级航母之一,有望位列第二,而非第一——近期部署时间最长的是“杰拉尔德·R·福特”号,为326天。⁠16 代理海军部长洪曹于8月14日称,此次部署为266天,其中包括在战区的200天;另有报道称为277天,之后接近285天。⁠18⁠16 特朗普总统曾表示,“林肯”号此次部署远远不够长。⁠1 该航母舰载机联队执行了超过10,000架次飞行任务,投放了超过1.5 million pounds的弹药。⁠15

长期部署令舰员疲惫不堪。媒体报道称,舰上出现了严重的心理健康危机,一些水兵甚至试图跳海;舰员疲惫、食物短缺,家属也对舰上状况发出警报。⁠19⁠20 航母返航被描述为计划轮换的一部分;与此同时,驻太平洋的“乔治·华盛顿”号正驶往中东,而有关“林肯”号舰上出现问题的报道也在流传。⁠12⁠17

地点

  1. 01伊朗哈尔克岛
  2. 02阿曼湾
  3. 03霍尔木兹海峡
  4. 04约旦穆瓦法克·萨尔蒂

击沉5艘油轮并未带来任何脱身渠道。两国政府之间看不到任何外交退路。⁠1 每桶100美元的油价可能会推高通胀和利率,影响远超海湾地区。⁠35 伊朗威胁海湾国家和商船;华盛顿正在讨论其集中的基地能否经受下一轮导弹袭击;而那些执行了10,000架次空战任务的水兵,仍看不到任务何时结束。⁠15 一天之内击沉5艘油轮的行动只是一个阶段,并非解决方案——这是一场海上经济战,由一支精疲力竭的舰队来打;对一方而言,升级冲突的代价越来越低,对另一方而言则越来越高。⁠10

已知

  • 9月8日击毁5艘油轮,此前有两次导弹袭击企图均被一艘未具名的美国军舰躲过。 3
  • 袭击前船员奉命撤离;M/T Riesco 沉没过程有视频记录。 4
  • 布伦特原油价格于9月9日升至100美元以上,为7月以来首次。 31

未知

  • 躲过两次导弹袭击的美国军舰,其身份尚无经核实的信息。
  • 其他油轮遭受的全部损毁情况,以及推动部署方式之争的美国基地受损情况。

后续

  • 伊朗是否会在海湾宣布新的限制区。
  • 美国是否会分散海湾东部的基地,还是重建这些基地。

来源34

在此处引用的来源中,CNN最先发布,比本报道播出早22小时。
  1. CNN
  2. HeyDay News

33家媒体未注明日期:Al JazeeraNPRReutersthe Guardianapnews.comStars and Stripes

按媒体查看所有来源

来自 34 家媒体的 48 个来源· 引用最多的优先

播出原貌
  1. America destroyed five Iranian oil tankers after Iran fired two missiles at an American warship.
  2. The strikes aim at Iran's crude lifeline at Kharg Island, which handles about ninety percent of the country's oil exports. That lifeline is now under direct assault, and the economic consequence is immediate: Brent crude has climbed above one hundred dollars a barrel for the first time since July, driven by the strikes and a recovery in Chinese oil buying. The oil is not just a number — it is a live inflation threat to the global economy, and it raises the stakes for everyone. The question now is whether this becomes a wider naval war or whether any channel opens before the region is dragged deeper.
  3. The war is six months old, but this week it reached the oil. It began February twenty-eighth with Operation Epic Fury, joint U.S.-Israeli strikes on Iranian military and nuclear installations whose opening salvo killed Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei. What followed was a grinding campaign that expanded into the waters carrying Iran's oil. The three tankers struck on the fifth and sixth were the earlier action that initial coverage confused with the five destroyed on the eighth. The U.S. military's tally for the week is higher still: ten tankers destroyed in about seven days, all tied to the Revolutionary Guard's shadow fleet. The five-tanker assault on the eighth was the largest single wave of attacks on shipping since the war began. And it was a direct response to two ballistic-missile attempts on an American warship, both of which it evaded.
  4. The five destroyed on the eighth are the largest single day of the week. Four were crude carriers in the Gulf of Oman — the Kaviz, Charminar, Horizon 1 and Riesco — and the fifth, the Derya, was hit near Kharg Island, Iran's principal crude-export terminal. Crews were ordered off before the strikes, and Riesco was caught on video sinking. The two missile attacks that triggered the response both missed, and no American personnel were harmed. The warship that dodged them remains unnamed and still on patrol. Iran's claims of hitting two destroyers — the Delbert D. Black and the John Paul Jones — are contradicted by the U.S. military, which says all Iranian attempts against U.S. ships failed.
  5. Iran's retaliation came within a day. It fired roughly twenty ballistic missiles at a base in Jordan used by U.S. forces, in the Muwaffaq Salti and Al-Azraq area; Jordan intercepted eighteen of them, and all U.S. personnel were accounted for. Tehran also claims it attacked ten ships near the Strait of Hormuz and more than a dozen vessels trying to pass through the strait on Wednesday. The Revolutionary Guard warned tanker crews near Kuwait and Bahrain, both of which host U.S. forces, to abandon their ships. Iran says it will announce a new restricted zone in the Gulf in the coming days, and it has warned that U.S. energy assets in the Gulf are vulnerable. The U.S. military says every Iranian attempt against U.S. forces failed.
  6. That assessment is driving a serious debate inside the Pentagon. Officials are discussing reducing the U.S. Middle East presence after substantial damage to bases. Petraeus points to repeated Iranian missile and drone attacks on hubs like Al Udeid in Qatar and Bahrain's Fifth Fleet facilities, and to the unsustainable economics of firing expensive interceptors at cheap drones. He says the large-base posture of the past is no longer viable. Other retired commanders, including Frank McKenzie, argue for dispersing forces and shifting weight westward rather than rebuilding concentrated bases. A U.S. effort to guide ships through the Strait of Hormuz, called Project Freedom, was halted at Pakistan's request.
  7. The Abraham Lincoln is not the ship that dodged the missiles. That distinction belongs to an unnamed warship still on patrol. The Lincoln, however, is the face of the campaign's cost. It left San Diego on November twenty-first, 2025, spent roughly seven months in the Central Command area, and made its first liberty call in Laem Chabang, Thailand around September second to sixth, after about 286 days away from home that included a 208-day uninterrupted stretch at sea. As of September eighth, it was in the South China Sea, roughly twenty days from San Diego. The deployment ground down the crew: media described a mental-health crisis so severe that some sailors tried to jump overboard, along with exhausted crews, food shortages, and families raising the alarm. And despite reports calling it the longest deployment in history, that is not accurate — the record belongs to the USS Gerald R. Ford at 326 days. The Lincoln is a candidate for second-longest, and President Trump has called its deployment 'not nearly long enough.'
  8. That extended deployment also carried a warning: the air wing flew more than ten thousand sorties and delivered over a million and a half pounds of ordnance. Yet no off-ramp is visible. No diplomatic channel between the two governments is operating, despite the stakes. Oil at one hundred dollars is a live inflation threat to the broader economy, and Iran's threats now extend to South Korean shipping and to Greece and Cyprus, which carries NATO implications. The campaign that sank five tankers is a phase, not a settlement — and the ships and sailors bearing its weight have no end date in sight.

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