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健康 · 野生动物接触

韦斯特莱克村发现第二只狂犬病浣熊后,两人接受治疗

第二只狂犬病浣熊被发现后,两名在一处工地接触过它的人正在接受预防性治疗。其感染源仍在调查中。

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两名在韦斯特莱克村一处工地接触过狂犬病浣熊的人,正在接受紧急治疗以预防感染。这是洛杉矶县今年第二起浣熊狂犬病事件中最重要的数字:两人需要预防性护理,而不是两例确诊的人类病例。目前,两起事件均未宣布有人确诊狂犬病。1

这一区别很重要,因为狂犬病一旦出现症状几乎总是致命的,但及时进行暴露后预防治疗能非常有效地预防发病。发生可能的暴露后接受治疗,是为了在疾病出现前阻止这种结果,并不意味着疾病已经发生。4

据哥伦比亚广播公司洛杉矶台2026年10月23日报道,并援引县公共卫生官员的说法,第二只浣熊被发现时已生病且具有攻击性,地点是第一起病例发现地点附近的一处后院。两人在一处工地接触了这只浣熊;没有宠物接触到它。官员尚未公开确认这两人与浣熊接触的具体方式、他们何时开始治疗,或之后的临床随访情况。1

这是该县自1973年以来首次确认浣熊感染狂犬病。公共卫生工作人员曾在发现地点周边挨家挨户走访,通知居民并分享安全信息。该市公告指出,事发地点是洛杉矶县境内的韦斯特莱克村,但没有给出具体街道范围或明确的防范半径。附近发现两例,足以引起警惕;但仅凭这两例,并不能证明疫情正向更广区域扩散。9

这两次发现说明了什么

根据县级监测信息,第一只浣熊于9月被发现;该市表示,两次发现相隔约一个月。县政府于10月5日公布首例。到10月22日,两只动物均已确诊;县政府发布信息的列表显示,第二例于10月23日公布。公告日期不应被误认为动物被发现或人员暴露的日期。第二起事件中,动物被发现、人员暴露以及实验室检测出结果的具体日期尚未确定。5 4 9 11

还有一处措辞差异值得仔细辨读。韦斯特莱克村10月22日的安全通告称“没有居民接触过病毒”。哥伦比亚广播公司10月23日的报道援引公共卫生部门的说法,指出两名在工地工作的人曾有暴露。尚未确认这两人是否为当地居民,因此该市针对居民的表述并不能否定工地发生的暴露,也不能被安全地简化为“没有人暴露”。9 1

第一起事件涉及另一份暴露报告。10月5日,公共卫生部门表示,一处工地有四人可能接触过病毒,并正接受建议的狂犬病暴露后预防治疗随访。当时,一只已按时接种狂犬病疫苗的狗也可能接触过病毒,正在隔离,状况良好。报道称,第一只浣熊看起来生病了,但没有对人表现出攻击性。这些都是早前事件的定期信息,并非关于那只狗或第二只动物的最新情况。4

不能把早前报告的四人和新报告的两人相加,得出不同个体的总人数:现有信息无法确定两组人员是否有重叠。可以确定的是两份报告的差别:第一起事件涉及四人和一只已接种疫苗的狗可能暴露;第二起事件涉及两人暴露,且没有宠物暴露。4 1

一个重要的实验室检测问题已有进展。第一只浣熊携带一种通常见于蝙蝠的狂犬病变异株;首例公布时,这项检测结果仍未出炉。第二只浣熊的感染来源仍在调查中。它确诊狂犬病并无疑问;调查人员仍需确定其变异株信息,以帮助解释感染可能来自何处。4 1

该市表示,公共卫生部门认为,接触受感染蝙蝠可能是这些异常检测结果的原因,并称这些结果并不能证明浣熊之间正在持续传播。这意味着不应仅凭发现两只受感染动物,就断言狂犬病正在当地浣熊种群中持续传播。但这并不是对第二只动物感染源的最终结论。9 1

蝙蝠仍是该县已知的野生动物狂犬病隐患。哥伦比亚广播公司报道称,截至2026年10月23日,该县发现77只狂犬病蝙蝠,创下县级纪录;县政府10月5日公告中的数字为70只。这些数字统计的是发现并接受检测的动物数量,并非所有蝙蝠中受感染的比例估算。县级监测还提醒,未报告病例的地方也可能存在狂犬病。在检测地图上没有标记,并不能保证安全。1 4 5

浣熊狂犬病检测长期空白确有其事,但这并不意味着病毒已从当地消失。该县此前确认的狂犬病浣熊于1973年被发现,当时一种臭鼬毒株仍在传播;自1979年以来,当地就未再检测到该毒株。在今年发现浣熊感染之前,最后一只确认患狂犬病的非蝙蝠动物,是2014年长滩一只携带蝙蝠变异株的臭鼬。4

预防要赶在症状出现之前

又发现一只狂犬病浣熊,这一重要事件提醒人们:切勿触摸、捕捉或喂食任何野生动物,即使它们看起来健康。

洛杉矶县卫生官员蒙图·戴维斯博士 1

狂犬病会侵袭中枢神经系统。它最常通过受感染动物的咬伤或抓伤传播,也可能通过受感染的唾液接触破损皮肤或眼睛、鼻子、嘴巴传播。细小或未察觉的咬伤也可能造成感染风险。仅仅与动物近距离接触不会传播狂犬病;血液、尿液和粪便也不是传播途径。仅仅在院子里看到浣熊,并不能说明需要治疗;但如果可能遭到咬伤或接触到唾液,就需要立即接受医疗评估。4

不要等到出现症状后才决定是否就医。人类患病初期可能出现发烧、乏力和头痛,随后发展为神经系统症状、吞咽困难、昏迷乃至死亡。有效预防的时机在病情发展之前。若蝙蝠出现在睡觉的人、儿童或宠物附近,也应尽快请专业人员评估,因为接触可能在未被察觉的情况下发生。4

韦斯特莱克村居民可按以下具体指引报告:发现生病、神志不清、具有攻击性或死亡的野生动物,请致电洛杉矶县动物护理部门,电话为(562) 940-6898。被野生哺乳动物咬伤,应立即咨询医生,并向公共卫生部门报告,电话为(213) 288-7060;兽医公共卫生部门也接受通过[email protected]提交的报告。请保持距离,让专业人员评估并收集野生动物进行检测。9 4

警示迹象包括异常攻击性、试图靠近人或宠物、绕圈、行走困难、协调能力差或瘫痪。白天活动、落在地上或无法飞行的蝙蝠可能生病。出现这些情况时应致电动物管理部门,而不是由居民自行诊断狂犬病。1

确保狗和猫的狂犬病疫苗按时接种,包括只在室内活动的猫和年长宠物。宠物被野生哺乳动物咬伤后,需要立即接受兽医诊治,并向动物管理部门和公共卫生部门报告。县级指引要求接种狂犬病疫苗,并在专业人员指导下暂时居家隔离观察。清除户外宠物食物、盖好垃圾桶、封闭爬行空间入口并清理院子里的杂物,也能减少与野生动物接触的机会。4

接下来有意义的进展包括第二只浣熊的变异株检测结果、是否发现更多动物或接触者,以及是否公开两人预防性护理的后续情况。目前尚未公布这些信息的更新时间。在此之前,正确做法既不是轻视这些发现,也不是认定附近每只动物都已感染:避免接触、保护宠物,并在可能暴露后立即采取行动。1 9 4

播出原貌 19 行
  1. A rabid raccoon exposed two people at a worksite in Westlake Village. They're receiving emergency treatment to prevent infection. Rabies is almost always fatal once symptoms begin, but prompt preventive care is highly effective. Investigators are still working out how the second raccoon became infected.
  2. Public-health staff went door to door near the discoveries to warn residents and share safety information. The second raccoon was found in a backyard near the first animal. Both discoveries were in Westlake Village, within Los Angeles County.
  3. The first raccoon was found in September, and the discoveries were about a month apart. The county announced the first case on October 5, 2026. Both animals had tested positive by October 22. The county announced the second case on October 23.
  4. The second raccoon was sick and aggressive. Two people were exposed at a worksite, and no pets were exposed. The confirmed infections are in the raccoons. Nobody has announced a human rabies diagnosis in these incidents.
  5. The city's October 22 safety notice said “no residents have been exposed.” Public Health identified two people exposed at a worksite. Officials haven't said where those people live, so the resident-specific wording doesn't cancel out the worksite exposures.
  6. Four people may have been exposed in the first incident and were getting recommended preventive follow-up on October 5. One vaccinated dog was also possibly exposed. The second incident involves two exposed people and no exposed pets.
  7. The first raccoon appeared sick but reportedly wasn't aggressive toward people. The dog was under quarantine and doing well on October 5. Those were its circumstances then. The earlier four-person count and the newer two-person count shouldn't be added together as a total of distinct individuals.
  8. The first raccoon carried a rabies variant usually found in bats. Testing is still underway to identify the second animal's source of infection. Health officials consider contact with infected bats the likely explanation. So far, the detections haven't shown sustained transmission among raccoons.
  9. The county's rabid-bat count reached a record 77 by October 23, up from 70 on October 5. These totals count animals found and tested. They don't tell us what proportion of all bats have rabies.
  10. Bats remain the county's established wildlife concern. Before this year, its last confirmed rabid raccoon was detected in 1973, when a skunk strain circulated locally. That strain hasn't been detected here since 1979. The last previously confirmed rabid animal other than a bat was a Long Beach skunk carrying a bat variant in 2014.
  11. County Health Officer Dr. Muntu Davis urges people to avoid touching, handling or feeding wildlife, even animals that look healthy. He says to keep a safe distance and call animal control about wildlife that appears sick, injured or behaves unusually.
  12. Rabies attacks the central nervous system. It usually spreads through a bite or scratch, or infected saliva reaching broken skin, the eyes, nose or mouth. Even a small, unnoticed bite can matter. Casual proximity doesn't transmit rabies, and blood, urine and feces aren't transmission routes. A possible bite or saliva exposure needs immediate medical assessment.
  13. Wildlife warning signs include aggression, approaching people or pets, circling, trouble walking and paralysis. Bats active by day, grounded or unable to fly may be ill. These signs call for professional assessment; they can't diagnose rabies by themselves.
  14. A bat near a sleeping person, child or pet also needs prompt professional evaluation because contact may go unnoticed. In people, rabies can begin with fever, weakness and headache. It can progress to tingling, agitation, hallucinations, difficulty swallowing, coma and death. Preventive treatment needs to come before symptoms. Don't wait for illness to seek care.
  15. Westlake Village directs reports of sick, disoriented, aggressive or deceased wildlife to county Animal Care. A wild-mammal bite needs immediate medical advice and a report to Public Health. Veterinary Public Health also accepts reports by email.
  16. Animals can initially show less specific symptoms, including vomiting or breathing trouble, before neurological changes develop. Let animal control assess and collect wildlife for testing. An area without a reported rabid animal can still have rabies, because detections depend on animals being found and submitted for testing.
  17. Removing outdoor pet food helps keep wildlife away. Keep trash lids tightly closed, seal crawl spaces and other openings, clear yard debris and trim overgrowth. Keep pets away from wildlife, and keep dogs and cats vaccinated, including indoor-only cats and older pets.
  18. Investigators still need the second raccoon's variant results and will watch for further animal cases or exposures. Officials haven't announced a date for those results or follow-up on the two people's preventive care.
  19. A pet bitten by a wild mammal needs immediate veterinary attention and reports to animal control and Public Health. County guidance calls for a rabies vaccination response and temporary home quarantine for observation under professional direction.

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