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灾害 · 野河大火持续报道 · 第 2 篇，共 2 篇

野河大火扩至982英亩，公众通行封闭措施生效

野河大火的规模超过我们此前报道的三倍。火势控制率仍为11%，一项已签署的命令关闭了划定的森林区域、野河路和数条步道。

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译自英文原文。

自上次报道以来的变化

40 小时后

当时

野河火灾在新罕布什尔州崎岖森林中的控制比例达到11%

现在

野河大火的规模超过我们此前报道的三倍。火势控制率仍为11%，一项已签署的命令关闭了划定的森林区域、野河路和数条步道。

982英亩——超过我们此前报道中约300英亩的三倍——是新罕布什尔州白山国家森林野河大火的最新面积。火势控制率仍为11%。一项已签署的公共安全命令现已禁止访客进入划定的森林区域、野河路全线及数条步道，消防人员正努力阻止火势进一步蔓延。⁠22

11月3日，HeyDay News报道，周一下午火场面积估计约为300英亩，到周一晚间火势控制率升至11%。美国林务局11月4日的更新显示，火场规模大幅扩大，应对力量也有所增加：89名人员、3架直升机和2架机构无人机。11月5日早些时候发布的一则事故通报再次给出982英亩和11%的控制率，并将人员数量约计为90人，但这并不意味着人数又有增加。⁠4⁠22⁠29

关键事实

  1. 8911月4日部署人员 22
  2. 3部署直升机 22
  3. 2部署机构无人机 22

官方公布的面积取代了WGME在11月3日早先报道中的378英亩，并比周三报道中四舍五入至1000英亩的数字更精确。这些是先后发布的报道，并非可取平均值的相互竞争的当前估算。⁠3⁠1⁠22

与周一的约数相比，最新总面积约增加了682英亩。这并不能确定火势蔓延的确切速度：这些估算来自不同时间，且其测绘依据未作说明。此次更新也没有解决此前报道中提到的、未经核实的288英亩旧跟踪记录。那个较小数字从未证明过火范围有所缩小。

难以抵达的火场

火灾发生在库斯县的安德罗斯科金护林区，距戈勒姆东南约7英里，距缅因州边界以西约1英里。火势在野河流域、埃文斯山口附近蔓延，位置在吉利德和美国2号公路以南。火灾于11月1日星期日下午首次报告；这是发现火灾的时间，并非经核实的起火时间。⁠4⁠22⁠29

如何让消防人员抵达火场，本身就是难题的一部分。陡峭崎岖的地形限制了人员行动；一条在三年前遭严重损毁的林务局道路也阻碍了通行。消防人员不得不徒步涉过野河。直升机正在关键区域投水，这些地方地面消防人员难以抵达。⁠1⁠2

这里在很多方面都难以抵达。消防人员不得不徒步涉过野河才能到达火场，这也说明了它位置有多偏远。

杰西·杜布克，美国林务局发言人 1

持续干旱使枯叶层、倒木、枯立木、云杉和冷杉都变得易燃。官员表示，枯叶层助长了火势在坡地上的活跃蔓延，而这些坡地本就限制了消防人员扑救火灾的方式。难点不只是火场面积有多大，还包括如何在确保安全的前提下，调集足够的人手和设备抵达火场。⁠1⁠2

11月4日的部署包括2架2型直升机和1架1型直升机，另有增援力量正在赶来。周三早些时候的报道则称，现场有50多名人员、2架直升机和1架无人机。林务局称此次行动旨在全面扑救，目标是将火势控制在当前范围内，并尽可能限制进一步蔓延。这是行动目标，并非认定消防人员已经控制住火势。⁠1⁠22

控制率没有变化，也需要谨慎解读。控制率衡量的是已得到控制的火场周界比例，而不是已烧毁土地中火焰已经熄灭的部分。对于这场规模大得多的火灾，11%的控制率与周一较小规模估算下的11%，并不代表相同的行动局面。

美国林务局发言人杰西·杜布克告诉WBUR，这种规模的火灾在白山国家森林非常罕见，并称这是“该森林纳入管理以来最大的一场”。这是该机构发言人对历史情况的评估；目前尚无完整的历史火场面积数据序列可供确认。⁠1

禁止公众进入的区域

对访客而言，最明确的变化是，封闭措施不再只是正在筹备中。森林主管德里克·伊巴根于11月4日签署《野河大火公共安全封闭令》R9-22-26-08。该命令自当日起生效，持续至2027年1月1日，除非提前撤销；在扑救行动期间，禁止进入所述国家森林系统区域、道路和步道。⁠30

**野河路（又称森林道路12号）全线及谢尔本步道全线封闭。**高水步道从113号公路至与谢尔本步道的交汇处封闭，全长约5.3英里。⁠30

肯杜斯基格步道从谢尔本步道至与响尾蛇河步道的交汇处封闭，全长约2.4英里。雪地摩托步道走廊19号在野河路与响尾蛇河步道之间的路段封闭，全长约10英里。⁠30

该区域边界沿野河路、谢尔本步道、国家森林边界和走廊19号划定。已签署的命令及其附图界定了法律意义上的禁入区域；它们并非火灾过火范围的测量结果。尽管火场靠近缅因州，但这仍不能证明有任何面积的火灾越过州界。目前仍没有经过核实的州际面积明细。⁠30⁠31

豁免对象包括经相关林务局许可或书面认定明确授权的人员，以及履行公务的执法人员和有组织的救援或消防人员。违反命令属于B级轻罪，个人最高罚款5000美元，组织最高罚款10000美元；可处最长6个月监禁，或两者并罚。⁠30

这是针对这场火灾的出入限制，与此前因风暴损毁而影响营地通行的封闭措施不同。我们此前的报道无法核实是否存在针对这起事故的封闭措施；如今已签署的命令对此作出了明确规定。该命令还取代了此前禁止在同一所述区域、道路和步道实施相同或类似行为的命令。⁠30

疑似起火原因尚待调查，扑救工作仍在进行

调查目前已初步判断火灾可能由人为因素引起，但尚未得出最终起火原因。林务局现认为火灾由人为因素引发，但表示原因仍在调查中。尚未确认具体的点火行为或责任人。该机构称，森林内近期没有进行过计划烧除；其同时发布的营火安全提醒，也不能证明这场火灾是由营火引起的。⁠22

最新事故通报仍称，生命或财产没有面临重大威胁。戈勒姆消防局局长菲利普·克劳蒂埃告诉WBUR，火场附近没有已知的住宅物业；他在周三上午接受采访时还表示，该部门尚未接到请求，参与联邦管理的应对行动。这些评估不能证明没有财产损失，也不能消除消防人员和访客面临的风险。目前公开报道没有确认疏散令，也没有经过核实的财产损失总额。⁠1⁠29

不过，烟雾已经飘至附近社区。克劳蒂埃称，周二戈勒姆出现薄雾，并能闻到野火气味；而到周三一早，他表示已闻不到烟味。这一特定时间的观察并不意味着烟雾影响已经结束。司机遇到烟雾时应减速并打开车灯；林务局也呼吁公众不要在事故附近操控私人无人机，以免干扰应对行动。⁠1⁠29

公众会议定于11月5日星期四东部标准时间下午6时至7时，在谢尔本镇政厅（村路74号）举行，也可通过Microsoft Teams参加。关键仍在于，扩大后的应对行动能否将火势控制在982英亩范围内并提高控制率。在封闭令撤销或到期之前，公众必须遵守这项明确且具有强制效力的指令：不要进入指定区域、道路和步道，以便消防人员开展工作。⁠22⁠30

时间线

第 3 天 · 2 篇报道

事件时间线

  1. 最先报道

  2. 我们的播报 · 第 1 次更新

    野河火灾在新罕布什尔州崎岖森林中的控制比例达到11%

  3. 我们的播报 · 第 2 次更新当前位置

    野河大火扩至982英亩，公众通行封闭措施生效
播出原貌
  1. The Wild River Fire has more than tripled in size, forcing a public-access closure.
  2. On November 3, we reported Monday's estimate of about 300 acres. The fire now covers 982 acres, with containment still at 11 percent. Visitors are barred from a defined forest area, a road and several trails.
  3. Can the expanded response stop further spread across terrain firefighters can barely reach?
  4. The fire is about seven miles southeast of Gorham and one mile west of the Maine border. It's in the Wild River drainage, near Evans Notch, south of Gilead and U.S. Route 2.
  5. The fire is on the Androscoggin Ranger District in New Hampshire's Coos County. Firefighters first received a report of it Sunday afternoon, November 1. Its proximity to Maine doesn't tell us how much land, if any, has burned across the border.
  6. The November 4 total of 982 acres replaces the earlier 378-acre estimate and gives a more precise size than Wednesday's rounded 1,000 acres. The alert available early November 5 repeats 982 acres and 11 percent containment.
  7. That's about 682 acres above Monday's approximate estimate. The older 288-acre tracking entry we discussed previously still hasn't been reconciled with that Monday estimate. Those earlier figures didn't demonstrate that the burned footprint had shrunk.
  8. Firefighters have had to cross the Wild River on foot to reach the fire. A Forest Service road, heavily damaged three years ago, makes access harder. Helicopters are dropping water where ground crews can't readily reach.
  9. Persistent drought has dried the leaf litter that's helping the fire spread. Deadfall wood, standing dead trees, spruce and fir provide more fuel. Steep slopes restrict where crews can move and how they can attack the flames.
  10. The response now includes 89 personnel, three helicopters and two agency drones. Two helicopters are Type 2 aircraft, and one is Type 1. More resources are on the way to help crews limit further spread.
  11. Monday afternoon's deployment had been more than 40 people. Earlier Wednesday, it was more than 50, with two helicopters and one drone. The latest alert rounds staffing to about 90, consistent with the 89 assigned Wednesday.
  12. Crews are pursuing full suppression, trying to hold the fire within its current footprint. Containment measures how much of the perimeter is secured. Eleven percent containment doesn't mean that only eleven percent of the land has stopped burning.
  13. Forest Service spokesperson Jessie Dubuque calls this the largest fire since the national forest was incorporated. That's her assessment of the forest's history. The scale adds to a suppression operation already constrained by difficult access and dry fuel.
  14. Investigators now believe the fire was human-caused, but they're still working to determine the specific cause. The Forest Service says there haven't been any recent prescribed fires in the forest. Its campfire-safety reminders don't identify what started this fire.
  15. The closure now carries legal force. Forest Supervisor Derek Ibarguen signed it November 4, barring public entry into the specified area during suppression operations. It runs through January 1, 2027, unless the Forest Service rescinds it.
  16. The order closes all of Wild River Road and all of Shelburne Trail. It also closes three specified trail sections. These restrictions give firefighters and emergency personnel room to work and protect people from entering the suppression area.
  17. High Water Trail is closed from Route 113 to Shelburne Trail, about 5.3 miles. Kenduskeag's closure runs from Shelburne to Rattle River Trail, about 2.4 miles. Corridor 19 closes between Wild River Road and Rattle River Trail, about 10 miles.
  18. The area's legal boundary follows Wild River Road, Shelburne Trail, the National Forest boundary and Corridor 19. The signed order and its attached map define that closure. They describe where access is prohibited, rather than measuring the fire's burned footprint.
  19. Authorized permit holders and people specifically exempted in writing can enter. Officers, organized rescuers and firefighters performing official duties are also exempt. The order supersedes earlier restrictions covering the same acts and area. It also adds fire-specific restrictions beyond the older storm-damage closure affecting campground access.
  20. Violators face a Class B misdemeanor. Maximum fines are $5,000 for individuals or $10,000 for organizations. A conviction can also bring up to six months in jail.
  21. Gorham Fire Chief Philip Cloutier says there are no known residential properties in the immediate fire area. When he spoke Wednesday morning, his department hadn't been asked to join the federally managed response.
  22. Cloutier recalled a local wildfire just under 100 acres more than twenty years ago as the largest local officials could remember. His recollection covers local experience, while Dubuque's assessment covers the national forest.
  23. The Forest Service continues to say there are no significant threats to life or property. Smoke has nevertheless reached nearby communities. Cloutier described haze and the smell of wildfire in Gorham Tuesday, then said he couldn't smell smoke early Wednesday.
  24. Smoke may still be visible around surrounding communities. Drivers who encounter it should slow down and use headlights. The Forest Service asks people to keep personal drones away from the incident, where they could interfere with the response.
  25. A public meeting is scheduled for Thursday, November 5, from six to seven in the evening at Shelburne Town Hall. People can also join online through Microsoft Teams. The town hall is at 74 Village Road.
  26. Crews are still working to secure the larger fire. The latest acreage remains 982, and containment remains 11 percent. Whether the expanded response can hold that footprint is still unresolved. Public entry into the specified forest area, road and trails remains prohibited under the closure order.

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