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99% 遭遇伤害:澳大利亚推动交友应用承担有约束力的安全义务

一项针对 1,008 名女性的调查发现,交友应用上的伤害几乎无处不在。堪培拉政府表示,有约束力的数字关怀义务将迫使平台解决这一问题。

文字 阅读需 6 分钟 · 65 个来源

原语言视频

译自英文原文。

99%。在调查研究中,这个数字几乎从不出现,也正因如此,它格外触目惊心。在过去三个月使用过交友应用的 1,008 名澳大利亚异性恋女性中,除了少数人外,所有人都表示至少遭遇过一种有害行为。不是在数年的约会过程中,而是在一个交友、发消息和见面的季节里⁠1⁠2。

99%3个月内遭遇伤害的异性恋女性 12
1,008接受调查的澳大利亚异性恋女性 2
A$109.2M拟议义务下的最高民事罚款 1219

这一发现来自《了解交友平台上针对女性的技术相关虐待行为》报告。该报告由 Mindaroo 资助,Behavioural Insights Team 编制,于 2026 年 9 月 22 日前后发布。报告对伤害的定义刻意采取宽泛口径,不仅统计明显的虐待,也包括更常见的操纵行为;报告还指出,持续而轻微的贬损已变得如此司空见惯,以至于许多女性会责怪自己⁠2⁠3。这种选择既解释了这一醒目数字的影响力,也说明了后续应采取什么措施为何引发争论。

在几乎人人都遭遇伤害的总体情况中,具体数据令人沮丧。约 95 percent 的受访者报告遭受心理或情感伤害。约 89 percent 遭遇监控或跟踪。约 88 percent 收到未经请求的色情图片或视频,或受到压力,被要求发送性内容。近六成受访者报告遭遇以恐惧为手段的控制行为,包括受到身体伤害威胁⁠2。这些行为从未经请求的露骨信息、照片和视频,到贬低式搭讪、爱情轰炸、煤气灯操纵和持续联系,再到监控、跟踪及明确威胁⁠1⁠2。

女性如何应对这些经历,或许和数字本身同样重要。研究发现,她们主要靠自己保护自己:迅速解除匹配、筛查个人资料以寻找警示信号、不透露身份信息,并相互提醒和传授应对方法,而不是依赖平台工具。在收到威胁的人中,只有约 22 percent 向平台举报。总体而言,在举报者中,19 percent 觉得自己的投诉几乎没有或完全没有得到认真对待⁠2。防截图等设计功能可能妨碍留存证据,使威胁行为难以证明,也容易被忽视。

这项义务将要求什么

堪培拉政府希望将这一现实从劝导转变为法律义务。《2026 年在线安全修正案——数字关怀责任法案》征求意见稿于 2026 年 9 月 8 日公布,拟修订《2021 年在线安全法》,要求在线服务责任方在合理可行的范围内,为澳大利亚境内的人们确保安全的在线环境⁠12⁠14。这份草案是在 2026 年 5 月的问题讨论文件和 2024 年对该法的审查之后提出的;通过电子邮件提交意见的征询于 2026 年 9 月 22 日中午 12pm 截止⁠12⁠13。

迈向具有约束力的义务

  1. 2026 年 5 月

    公布关于注意义务框架的问题讨论文件。

    3132
  2. 2026 年 9 月 8 日

    公布修订《2021 年在线安全法》的征求意见稿。

    1214
  3. 2026 年 9 月 22 日,12pm

    征求意见稿的电子邮件意见征询截止。

    1213

实际上,这项义务以系统为基础,并要求主动采取措施。服务提供商必须识别可预见的风险、进行评估、围绕设计功能、算法和人工智能落实并记录缓解措施,确保这些措施长期有效,并满足透明度要求⁠17⁠20。保护范围涵盖造成严重伤害的材料和行为,包括儿童性剥削、性暴力、明确的身体暴力威胁和骚扰;针对儿童的额外保护则涵盖色情内容、对女性和性别平等抱有敌意的态度、饮食失调相关内容、美化犯罪或危险特技的内容,以及虐待和欺凌。

适用范围刻意设得广泛。它涵盖九类法定在线服务,包括交友应用等相关电子服务,以及社交媒体、消息服务、游戏、搜索、托管、应用商店、设备和人工智能服务提供商,并将取代《基本在线安全预期》以及现有的行业守则和标准⁠20⁠28。澳大利亚人还将获得选择退出算法推荐信息流的权利,只看到自己关注账户发布的内容⁠15⁠29。主要交友应用已签署一项自愿的《在线交友守则》。这项义务将使风险缓解措施从自愿要求变为具有法律约束力的规定⁠40⁠41。

执法将由拥有扩大后权限的电子安全专员负责,民事罚款最高可达 109.2 million Australian dollars,法规生效后设有 12 个月过渡期⁠19⁠28。通信部长 Anika Wells 将这套方案描述为赋予用户选择信息流的权利,并称这是对大型科技公司的追责;财政部长 Jim Chalmers 则誓言打击借厌女内容牟利的行为,并承诺交友应用将纳入监管范围,立法目标是在 2026 年年底前提出⁠15⁠25。政府曾表示计划于 10 月提出法案,但最终法案尚未提出,草案编号仍为空白⁠14。

这项承诺能否成为可执行的法律,将取决于政治博弈。工党需要获得参议院支持。绿党欢迎这份草案,称其是追究平台责任的一步,但表示仍需进一步完善;绿党认为社交媒体年龄禁令并未让平台变得更安全,并将自己定位为可能的立法通道⁠39。因此,接下来需要协商如何加强问责,同时回应对言论、适用范围和部长权力的异议。

尚未解决的是平台最终必须遵守的具体条文。交友应用在预防、侦测、投诉处理、安全设计和透明度方面的确切义务尚未确定。有关这一 headline rate 的完整方法,包括 Experience Map 和用于衡量技术相关虐待行为的 GADA 量表,除了针对 1,008 名异性恋女性的样本和三个月的时间范围外,目前仅部分公开⁠3。如果参议院谈不拢,这三个月内记录到的近乎普遍的伤害就仍将处于自愿守则之下,继续遭到少报、得不到妥善补救,并由女性自己应对⁠2⁠38。

已知

  • 接受调查的 1,008 名异性恋女性中,99 percent 在三个月内遭遇伤害。 12
  • 2026 年 9 月 8 日公布征求意见稿,2026 年 9 月 22 日结束征询。 1213

未知

  • 尚无最终法案、固定的交友应用义务或稳固的参议院多数支持。

后续

  • 工党能否与绿党达成协议并在今年提出立法。

来源47

在此处引用的来源中,ABC News (Australia)最先发布,比本报道播出早30小时。
  1. ABC News (Australia)
  2. HeyDay News

46家媒体未注明日期:infrastructure.gov.auABC listenaph.gov.auGlobal Sanctions and Export Controls BlogGlobal Dating Insights - Dating Industry NewsThe Sydney Morning Herald

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来自 47 家媒体的 65 个来源· 引用最多的优先

播出原貌
  1. Nearly every straight woman surveyed faced harm on dating apps.
  2. 1,008 heterosexual Australian women were surveyed over three months, and 99 percent reported at least one harmful behaviour. That near-universal rate would pull dating apps from a voluntary code into binding safety law backed by fines up to 109.2 million Australian dollars.
  3. What would platforms actually have to change, and do the votes exist to force them?
  4. The survey covered 1,008 heterosexual Australian women and the prior three months. Ninety-nine percent encountered at least one harmful behaviour. The work counts overt abuse together with normalised manipulation, finding constant low-level degradation so routine that many women blame themselves.
  5. Ninety-five percent reported psychological or emotional harm. Eighty-nine percent experienced monitoring or surveillance. Eighty-eight percent received unsolicited sexual images or videos or were pressured to send sexual content. Almost six in ten reported fear-based controlling behaviour including threats of physical harm.
  6. The range runs from unsolicited graphic messages, photos and videos and pressure to send sexual content, through negging, love bombing, gaslighting and persistent contact, to monitoring and surveillance, threats of physical harm and stalking. Women commonly cope by unmatching, screening profiles for warning signs, withholding identifying information and coaching each other on safety rather than relying on platform tools.
  7. The exposure draft of the Online Safety Amendment Digital Duty of Care Bill 2026 was released on 8 September 2026 to amend the Online Safety Act 2021, after a May 2026 issues paper and the 2024 review of that Act. Consultation by email closed at 12pm on 22 September 2026. No final bill has been introduced and the draft still carries a blank number.
  8. Persons responsible for online services must ensure, so far as reasonably practicable, a safe online environment. That means protection against seriously harmful material and conduct including child sexual exploitation, sexual violence, explicit threats of physical violence and harassment, with extra protections for children covering pornography, hostile attitudes toward women and gender equality, eating-disorder content, glorification of crime or dangerous stunts, and abuse and bullying. The duty spans nine categories including dating apps as relevant electronic services plus social media, messaging, games, search, hosting, app stores, devices and AI providers. It would replace the Basic Online Safety Expectations and existing industry codes and standards. Australians would gain a right to opt out of algorithmically recommended feeds and see content only from accounts they follow. A voluntary Online Dating Code signed by major apps already exists; the duty would make mitigation legally binding. Enforcement would sit with the eSafety Commissioner with expanded powers and civil penalties up to 109.2 million Australian dollars, after a 12-month transition.
  9. The government aims to legislate before the end of 2026, pointing to introduction in October, with a vow to crack down on monetised misogyny. Labor needs Senate support. The Greens welcomed the draft as a step toward holding platforms accountable but say more work is needed, arguing the social-media age ban has not made platforms safer. The Coalition supports holding technology companies to account and protecting children but opposes the draft as written, objecting to ministerial discretion to add new harms including potentially lawful material, warning of inadequate free-speech and journalism safeguards and calling the power a blank cheque for political censorship. That ministerial rule-making power would itself be disallowable by the Senate, with added pressure over United States technology companies.
  10. Only about 22 percent of those who received threats reported them to platforms, and among those who did report generally, 19 percent felt the complaint was barely or not at all taken seriously. Design features such as anti-screenshot tools can hinder documentation, leaving threatening behaviour hard to prove and easy to dismiss. The precise obligations for dating apps around prevention, detection, complaint handling, safety-by-design and transparency are not yet fixed, and full detail behind the headline rate including the Experience Map and the GADA scale beyond the 1,008-woman heterosexual sample and three-month window remains only partly public. Without a negotiated deal to strengthen accountability while answering free-speech objections, the near-universal harm documented over three months stays inside a voluntary code, under-reported, poorly remedied and managed by women themselves.

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