国际 · 大学间谍活动警报

MI5发出警告:与被指为中国情报机构掩护组织的机构断绝关系

MI5称,涉及100多名与英国有关联学者的研究助长了中国的间谍能力。大学面临停止合作的要求,但是否遵从以及个人是否有罪仍未得到证实。

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当一所大学发现某个研究资助方被公开指认为外国情报机构的掩护组织时,该怎么办?英国如今的答案已不再只是更仔细地审查这种关系,而是终止合作。

2026年9月30日,英国军情五处(MI5)发布了一份针对中国通用技术研究院(China General Technology Research Institute,简称CGTRI)的安全局间谍活动警报。警报敦促各大学立即审查正在进行和计划中的合作,并确保该组织没有参与研究合作。安全事务大臣丹·贾维斯表示,他已致信所有大学副校长,敦促他们终止与该研究院的关系。3 1 2

据美联社报道,贾维斯的指示是“终止所有安排”。这是要求停止,而不是允许各方在采取额外保障措施的同时继续开展同样的工作。目前尚未证实的是,具体大学是否已经照做。20

这项警告使一项资助关系立即成为安全和法律问题。同时,也必须把两个问题分开:机构是否应继续与MI5认定为服务于中国情报部门的组织合作,以及是否有个别研究人员实施了犯罪。政府已对第一个问题给出明确答复。仅凭一份警报无法解决第二个问题。

资助研究,以直接提升中国国家安全部(MSS)用于间谍活动的技术能力

MI5 3

这是MI5对CGTRI主要宗旨的描述。该机构称,这家研究院与中国国家安全部(MSS)关系非常密切。其官方警报指出,中国出资资助的学术研究包括人工智能和网络安全。报道中也使用了“中国通用技术科学院”(China Academy of General Technology,简称CAGT)这一名称;现有官方摘录无法独立证实这两个名称之间的关系。3 2 18

这项指控比对国际科研交流的一般担忧更为具体。MI5称,这些资助支持可用于间谍活动的技术能力。关于这项警告的报道提到,除人工智能和网络安全外,还包括隐蔽通信系统和隐写术——即将信息隐藏在其他材料中。这些研究领域说明了担忧所在,但仅仅研究这些领域本身并不能证明有人从事间谍活动。现有证据没有指出任何具体项目或研究成果。7

“100多人”这一数字究竟统计的是什么

规模相当大,但不同描述不能互换。《卫报》在9月30日的报道中称,至少100名英国大学学者接受资助,以换取研究成果的访问权限。同样于9月30日报道的BBC新闻称,与英国机构有关联的100多名学者参与了受资助项目。这些报道的统计范围不同:获得资助不一定等同于参与获得资助的项目。两者都没有提供经审计的总数。1 2

MI5官方摘录使用了“与英国有关联的100多名学者”这一表述。理解规模时应以此为准,并保持谨慎。这并不能证明每位参与者都亲自获得了拨款,或都在英国。该数字也不是大学、项目或信息传递次数的统计。现有材料未能证实资助总额、单笔拨款金额或资助期限。3

《卫报》报道了MI5的说法:该机构掌握明确证据,显示敏感信息被传递给中国情报部门。这一说法影响重大:该机构指称确实发生了信息转移,而不只是警告研究将来可能派上用场。但这里并未提供可供公众查证的还原过程,说明是谁在何时向谁传递了什么信息。1

现有材料没有指出涉及哪些大学或学者、项目名称、拨款编号、具体敏感信息、传递日期或个人接收者。相关情报和详细项目记录无法供外界独立审查。这些限制并不能证明MI5的评估有误,但也意味着不能负责任地据此指控未具名研究人员。3 1 2

MI5承认,部分学者可能并不知道该研究院所扮演的角色。因此,参与受资助研究并不能证明其明知而参与间谍活动。不过,这项公开警告改变了任何决定是否继续合作的人所掌握的信息:一所机构不能再只根据学术价值评估合作关系,而对已指出的情报关联视而不见。2

警告不等于起诉

这项法律警告援引了《2023年国家安全法》。《卫报》报道,MI5在与皇家检察署协商后警告称,继续合作可能导致起诉。协商并不能证明检方批准了针对某个特定个人的案件;这份警报既不是指控,也不是定罪。它也不能证明过去的每笔拨款都属违法。1

第3条涉及协助外国情报机构。经核实的一种基于意图的适用情形,要求行为人实施任何性质的行为,并意图使该行为对外国情报机构开展与英国相关的活动提供实质性帮助。这些要求很重要:该罪行并不等同于接受外国研究经费。12

另一种适用情形始于实施可能对外国情报机构开展与英国相关的活动提供实质性帮助的行为。现有法律文本包含这样的知情表述:“考虑到他们所知的其他事项,理应合理地知道”。概括警告称某人理应合理地知情时,不得省略这一限定,也不得忽略实质性帮助和与英国相关的活动这两项要求。13

现有核查未能确认完整的知情型条款、其余法定限定条件、适用的生效细节以及最高刑罚。因此,对具体案件中的法律责任或监禁刑期作出结论,都超出了现有证据所能支持的范围。严重警告与已证实的犯罪之间的区别并非技术细节;这正是告知人们注意与确立其刑事责任之间的区别。

合规情况是下一个可衡量的检验

英国大学协会和罗素大学集团表示,各大学认真对待自身的安全责任。这些保证并不能证明任何具名机构已完成审查、终止拨款或结束项目。现有报道没有证实各机构分别采取了何种回应,也没有证实已完成任何终止合作的行动。1 4

中国大使馆已被联系以征求评论。现有材料未能证实截至9月30日晚间已有实质性回应。这是报道范围的限制,并不能证明对方没有作出回应。同样,现有材料也未证实该组织涉及任何逮捕、起诉、制裁或其他执法行动。1 25

已知

  • MI5发布了公开的间谍活动警报,贾维斯敦促各大学终止与CGTRI的安排。 3220

未知

  • 现有材料未证实任何具名大学已完成终止合作,也未提供有关信息传递的详细说明或个人刑事责任的证据。

后续

  • 关注已获证实的机构行动、受影响项目的披露、中国方面的实质性回应,以及任何执法公告。

眼下的实际检验是:大学是否真的切断已指出的关系?此外还有证据方面的检验:哪些信息被传递、谁参与其中,以及他们知道什么?政府可以要求停止合作,却并不意味着它已证明每个参与者都构成犯罪。这项警告严重到必须采取行动,也严重到必须保留这一区分。

本报道参考的来源

主要报道包括《卫报》关于间谍活动警报的报道 1、BBC新闻关于研究成果传至中国情报部门的报道 2,以及MI5发布的CGTRI官方警报 3。其他报道来自《泰晤士高等教育》4、由ThePrint转载的路透社报道 5、《独立报》关于断绝关系的报道 6、半岛电视台 7、ITV新闻 8、City A.M. 9 和《华盛顿邮报》10。

法律资料包括第3条官方页面 11、已颁布法律文本的片段 12 和摘录 13、该法案的解释说明 14、法案全文页面 15、已颁布法律文本中的第3条页面 16,以及该法案的HTML文本 17。

其他报道包括《卫报》关于大学经费的分析 18、《独立报》关于间谍警告的报道 19,以及由myMotherLode转载的美联社报道 20。其他参考材料包括政府关于外国干预的情况说明 21、维基百科关于《国家安全法》的概述 22、官方颁布文本目录 23、该法案的XHTML文本 24,以及由ABC新闻转载的美联社报道 25。

播出原貌 11 行
  1. Britain is demanding universities cut ties with an institute identified as a Chinese intelligence front. More than one hundred UK-linked academics contributed to projects funded through the organisation, and continued collaboration could expose researchers to prosecution. What does this warning establish—and what remains unproven about university compliance and individual criminal responsibility?
  2. The institute's assessed purpose is to improve the technical capabilities of Chinese espionage, rather than simply support academic exchange. MI5 issued its public espionage alert on September thirtieth, twenty twenty-six, identifying very strong ties between the China General Technology Research Institute, or CGTRI, and China's Ministry of State Security, the MSS. The organisation funds academic research in China, including artificial intelligence and cybersecurity. The alternative name China Academy of General Technology, or CAGT, also appears, but its relationship to the CGTRI designation has not been independently verified.
  3. The ministerial demand is to stop the relationship, not merely add precautions while continuing the same work. Security Minister Dan Jarvis has said he wrote to all university vice-chancellors urging them to end their arrangements with the institute. Universities are being urged to review ongoing and planned collaborations immediately and ensure CGTRI is not involved in their research partnerships. That puts existing grants, current research and future partnerships under immediate scrutiny.
  4. More than one hundred UK-linked academics is the established description of the contributor scale—not an audited total of grant recipients. The distinction matters because contributing to a funded project does not necessarily mean receiving a grant personally.
  5. The accounts differ in what they count: academics receiving funding, or academics contributing to funded projects. Funding is also described as being exchanged for research access. Neither description establishes that every contributor personally received money or was based in Britain. This is not a count of universities, projects or information transfers. No exact headcount, aggregate funding amount, individual grant value or funding period has been established. The different wording cannot be resolved into a more precise total.
  6. Covert communications and steganography extend the concern beyond artificial intelligence and cybersecurity. Steganography means concealing information within other material. Those fields help explain how research could support intelligence operations. Their inclusion does not make all work in them espionage, and no particular project or research output has been identified.
  7. Sensitive information is alleged to have reached Chinese intelligence, with the evidence described as clear. But that assertion is not a publicly demonstrated account of who transmitted what. The underlying intelligence and detailed project records are not available for independent examination. No universities, academics, project titles, grant identifiers, particular sensitive information, transfer dates or individual recipients have been identified in the evidence available. Those limits do not prove the intelligence assessment is wrong; they mean individual accusations cannot be reconstructed from it.
  8. Some academics may not have known the institute's intelligence role. Participation in a funded project alone is not proof of knowingly passing secrets. The public alert nevertheless changes the information available to researchers and institutions deciding whether to continue. An academically valuable collaboration now also carries an explicit security warning and possible legal consequences.
  9. Continued collaboration could lead to prosecution, but the alert is not a charge or conviction, and it does not establish that every past grant was unlawful. Section three of the National Security Act twenty twenty-three concerns assisting a foreign intelligence service. A separate route concerns conduct likely to provide material assistance in carrying out UK-related activities. Its knowledge test includes what someone ought reasonably to know, having regard to other matters known to them. That qualification cannot be dropped, nor can the material-assistance and UK-related-activities requirements. The complete knowledge-based provision, remaining statutory qualifications, applicable commencement detail and maximum penalty have not been established. No case-specific liability or prison term can therefore be stated. Consultation with the Crown Prosecution Service is reported in connection with the warning, but its precise advice has not been established. Consultation does not mean a prosecution against any particular person has been approved.
  10. Universities UK and the Russell Group have given general assurances that universities take their security responsibilities seriously. Those assurances are not evidence that any named institution has completed a review or terminated a project. The Chinese embassy was approached for comment. A substantive response by the evening of September thirtieth has not been established; that is not proof that no response was issued.
  11. The instruction to end collaboration is established; completed compliance and individual criminal responsibility are not. Which relationships universities actually sever, what sensitive information was transferred, and whether the evidence supports enforcement against anyone remain unresolved. No named university termination, arrest, charge, sanction or other enforcement action has been established.

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