司法 · Pepper 扣押争议
Pepper 接种疫苗之行未能解决魁北克浣熊扣押争议
Louka Berman 已带 Pepper 接种狂犬病疫苗,并为在蒙特利尔建立庇护所筹款。这两件事都不能证明他获准饲养这只浣熊,目前也没有证据确认之后发生了扣押。
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接种狂犬病疫苗之行,并不等于获准饲养一只浣熊。对蒙特利尔居民 Louka Berman 来说,这仍是悬而未决的问题:魁北克野生动物执法人员正寻求将浣熊 Pepper 扣走,而 Berman 正努力让 Pepper 留在身边。Berman 已带 Pepper 接种疫苗,并为野生动物庇护所筹款,但这两项举措都不能为这只浣熊确立合法的安置场所。12 20 21
目前最新有记录的情况,并非已经完成扣押:加拿大新闻社的一张照片显示,2026年10月26日,Berman 和 Pepper 在 Saint-Damien 外。Radio-Canada 10月27日的报道没有证实执法人员之后是否带走了这只动物。没有经核实的10月28日最新消息确认 Pepper 的下落或是否已被扣押。12 15
Berman 称自己正在逃避省级当局。这是他的说法,并不能证明他因逮捕令而遭到通缉。报道中提到的授权令针对的是带走 Pepper;目前没有证据表明 Berman 本人遭到逮捕令通缉。在这场引发耸动标题、但仍缺乏公开核实的执法结果的争议中,这一区别很重要。12 15
据 Berman 讲述,三名野生动物执法人员带着扣押浣熊的授权令,来到他位于蒙特利尔的公寓。具体日期仍不清楚。《蒙特利尔公报》10月7日的报道于10月8日更新,称执法人员在前一周上门。加拿大新闻社10月26日和 Radio-Canada 10月27日的报道则称,执法人员于10月初到访。这些说法无法确定某个具体日期,现有报道也未对授权令本身进行独立核实。13 16 15
与部分报道所暗示的相比,Berman 面临的法律后果也远未明朗。Global News 10月16日的一则标题称,他正在抗辩指控。Radio-Canada 后来报道了他的说法:一名执法人员告诉他,他会因妨碍执法而被罚款。但两则报道都未证实已正式提出某项具体指控、已开出罚款或已安排庭审日期。不能据此得出他有罪或将受处罚的结论。17 15
庇护所不能只靠捐款
关于饲养规定,相关规则更为明确。魁北克的野生动物指南明确将浣熊列为不能随意圈养的野生动物。将其当作普通宠物饲养属于违法行为;获准的康复救助则是另一类活动,仅限持证人员在严格条件下开展。饲养所需的圈养许可证必须在饲养动物之前取得。21 20 24
魁北克允许在特定条件下免证饲养某些本土物种,但现有指南并未证明浣熊符合这类例外。称 Pepper 是宠物,或称拟建机构为庇护所,都不能证明其符合野生动物、公共安全和动物福利方面的规定。23 21 24
Berman 提出的替代方案是在蒙特利尔建立一处野生动物庇护所。GoFundMe 筹款活动名为「Help Save Pepper and Build a Wildlife Sanctuary」,由 Nikki Kakavand 为 Louka Berman 发起。页面显示,25笔捐款共筹得 CAD $3,296,目标金额为 $18,000。页面显示日期不明,且这些数字未经审计,因此不应将其视为截至10月28日的余额。14
这项活动证明有人在筹款,并不代表庇护所已经投入运营。目前没有证据表明存在实际场地、经核实的许可证申请、获批许可证或已建成的设施。这一设想或许能为 Berman 提供一个机会,让他主张 Pepper 可以有不同的未来,但不能证明已经有获准的安置地点。14 20 24
运输可能构成另一项法律障碍。魁北克禁止在 Estrie、Montérégie 和 Centre-du-Québec 的指定市镇运输或迁移活浣熊。新增禁令于10月7日生效,所列禁令持续至12月6日,但可能延期。省级指南还禁止对非法运输的动物进行康复救助。这些是针对特定地区的管控措施,并非全省范围的运输禁令,也不能证明 Berman 违反了相关规定。目前尚未确定这些规定是否适用于 Pepper 的具体行程。4 2
接种疫苗并不能解答所有问题
Pepper 接种疫苗之际,魁北克确实正面临浣熊狂犬病这一公共卫生问题。但这次接种既没有解决所有权争议,也没有确定这只动物是否感染。相关报道没有证实疫苗产品、接种方案、检测结果,也没有证书证明 Pepper 未感染狂犬病。报道中没有迹象表明 Pepper 患有这种疾病;同样,接种疫苗也不等于检测结果为阴性。12 8
魁北克省的野生动物疫苗接种行动规模大得多。该省宣布将在近5,500平方公里范围内投放超过815,000份疫苗诱饵,计划于8月3日至9月13日进行。公告提及蒙特利尔地区的九座公园,以及 Estrie、Montérégie 和 Centre-du-Québec 的行动。这些是公布的行动数量,并非经核实的实际投放总量。6
6月,魁北克还将 Montérégie 和 Centre-du-Québec 的34个市镇纳入加强监测范围。另一次诱捕和疫苗接种行动原定于10月13日至23日进行,但现有官方材料未能确定涉及哪些市镇,也未证实行动完成后的结果。5 9
这些边界需要谨慎解读。监测区标示的是官员正在调查的地点;预防性疫苗接种区标示的是他们试图降低风险的地点。两者都不能证明涵盖范围内的所有地点均已出现感染。在蒙特利尔地区公园开展行动,本身并不能证明蒙特利尔出现了确诊狂犬病病例。本报道所依据的现有官方材料,也未能确定一个可靠的最新日期病例总数或疫情开始日期。3 5 6
对于确实接触到病毒的人,建议是立即采取行动:遭咬伤或接触唾液后,用肥皂和清水冲洗伤口10–15分钟,并立即联系 Info-Santé 811。及时接种暴露后疫苗可以预防狂犬病。如果宠物被野生动物咬伤,或接触到野生动物的唾液,应尽快咨询兽医。目前没有证据表明 Pepper 曾发生此类接触。7
未知
- 执法人员之后是否扣押了 Pepper、是否开出了罚款或提出指控,以及能否落实获准的安置方案,目前都未获证实。
后续
- 经确认的执法结果或经核实的获准安置地点,都可能改变这场争议。目前没有证据表明有针对本案的听证会或最后期限。
问题不在于 Berman 是否想留下 Pepper——他努力这么做显而易见。问题在于,这一愿望能否变成魁北克法律允许的安排。在确认已扣押 Pepper 或找到获准的替代方案之前,接种疫苗和筹款仍只是 Berman 已采取的行动,并未解决这只动物的安置问题。
播出原貌 15 行
- Louka Berman took Pepper for a rabies vaccination while authorities sought to seize the raccoon. Keeping a raccoon as a pet is illegal in Quebec, where officials are confronting raccoon rabies. Berman says officers came to his apartment with a warrant for Pepper. Whether he can secure a lawful home for the animal is still unresolved.
- Berman lives in Montreal and wants to keep Pepper with him. He's also raising money for a wildlife sanctuary in the city. His plan runs into provincial rules that tightly control who can keep wild animals.
- Berman says three wildlife officers arrived at his apartment with a warrant to seize Pepper. He places their arrival in early October, though the visit's timing ranges from late September to early October. The exact day is unclear. He describes himself as being on the run from provincial authorities.
- Berman and Pepper were together outside Saint-Damien on October twenty-sixth. By October twenty-seventh, no seizure had been confirmed. There's no confirmed October twenty-eighth update on where Pepper is or whether officers have taken the animal.
- Berman also says an officer told him he'd be fined for obstruction. An issued fine or a specific filed charge hasn't been confirmed. The warrant he describes concerns taking Pepper, and there's no confirmed arrest warrant for Berman.
- Quebec requires people to obtain any necessary captivity permit before keeping the animal. Its wildlife guidance specifically includes raccoons among animals that can't simply be kept in captivity. Authorized rehabilitation comes with strict conditions protecting wildlife, public safety and animal welfare.
- Pepper's vaccination visit doesn't give Berman permission to keep the raccoon. It also can't tell us whether Pepper is free of rabies. Nothing indicates that Pepper has the disease, but a vaccination visit alone doesn't provide a negative test result. The province's wildlife vaccination campaign addresses a much wider public-health problem.
- Quebec included nine parks in the Montreal area in its preventive wildlife vaccination plans. Officials also targeted Estrie, Montérégie and Centre-du-Québec. Those prevention areas don't show where infections have been confirmed, and they don't establish a rabies case in Montreal.
- The province announced more than eight hundred fifteen thousand vaccine baits across nearly fifty-five hundred square kilometres. Distribution was scheduled from August third through September thirteenth. Those figures describe the announced operation, rather than a completed count of baits delivered. The campaign followed an expansion of surveillance earlier in the year.
- Quebec added thirty-four municipalities to enhanced surveillance in June, in Montérégie and Centre-du-Québec. After the summer bait-distribution window, officials scheduled another trapping-and-vaccination operation for October thirteenth through twenty-third. Surveillance coverage itself doesn't mean an animal there has tested positive.
- Quebec also prohibits moving or relocating live raccoons in listed municipalities in Estrie, Montérégie and Centre-du-Québec. Additions took effect October seventh, with the restrictions lasting until December sixth, subject to extension. The rules also prohibit rehabilitating illegally transported animals. A sanctuary proposal therefore has to address both possession permits and any applicable transport controls.
- The fundraiser displayed three thousand two hundred ninety-six Canadian dollars toward an eighteen-thousand-dollar goal, from twenty-five donations. The page's display date is unknown and the figures aren't audited, so they shouldn't be treated as an October twenty-eighth balance.
- Nikki Kakavand organized the campaign for Louka Berman under the name Help Save Pepper and Build a Wildlife Sanctuary. Berman wants that sanctuary in Montreal. A licensed destination for Pepper hasn't been confirmed. Whether officers take the raccoon, or Berman secures an authorized arrangement, is still unresolved. The money and vaccination don't settle that decision.
- After a bite or saliva exposure, Quebec advises washing the wound with soap and water for ten to fifteen minutes. Then contact Info-Santé eight-one-one without delay. Prompt vaccination after exposure can prevent rabies.
- If a pet is bitten or exposed to a wild animal's saliva, consult a veterinarian quickly.
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