司法 · 苏格兰凶杀案数据

伴侣或前伴侣杀害了苏格兰三分之二的女性凶杀案遇害者

15名女性遇害者中,有10人被伴侣或前伴侣杀害。全国凶杀案遇害者总数升至56人,但仍是可比记录开始以来第四低的水平。

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在苏格兰最新的凶杀案统计中,15名遇害女性里有10人被指控杀害她们的人是现任或前任伴侣。在全国凶杀案总数上升的一年里,死亡集中发生在亲密关系之中,是最令人震惊的发现;尽管如此,凶杀案数量仍远低于二十年前的水平。12

据 BBC Scotland 报道,2025-26 年,伴侣或前伴侣占女性遇害者的三分之二,是自 2006 年开始记录关系类别以来的最高比例。苏格兰政府公布的摘要确认,15名女性中有10人遇害,但没有列出用于比较这一纪录的历史关系数据序列。1 12

这是比例纪录,并非女性遇害人数纪录。它也没有衡量家庭暴力在苏格兰有多普遍。它所能说明的范围更窄,却影响深远:在进入凶杀案统计的女性遇害者中,她们与被指控者之间最常见的关系是亲密伴侣关系。

关键事实

  1. 15人中有10人被伴侣或前伴侣杀害的女性遇害者 12
  2. 562025-26 年记录的凶杀案遇害者 2
  3. 19%较最近一个前一年度总数的增幅 2

这些数据由苏格兰政府于 2026 年 10 月 27 日公布,涵盖 2025-26 年苏格兰警方记录的凶杀案。遇害者人数比上一年度最新统计的47人多9人。不过,56人仍是自1976年开始有可比整体记录以来,年度遇害人数第四低的年份。关系数据和整体凶杀案序列的起始年份不同;不应混淆这两项历史说法。2 1

长期下降趋势中的一次上升

从长期来看,苏格兰的死亡人数大幅减少。警方记录显示,2006-07 年有121名凶杀案遇害者,2025-26 年则有56人,减少65人,降幅为54%。与2016-17 年记录的65人相比,最新总数少了9人,降幅为14%。12

年度增幅和长期下降趋势都是真实存在的。创历史新低后近五分之一的增幅,本身并不能证明数十年来的进步已经逆转。同样,全国凶杀案总数处于历史低位,也不是忽视新增9名遇害者或女性遭杀害情形的理由。

与年龄相关的改善幅度最大的是16至24岁人群。在2006-07 至 2010-11 这五年间,该年龄组共有113名遇害者;在2021-22 至 2025-26 这五年间,共有28人。降幅约为75%,比较的是两个五年期的总数,并非最新一年下降了75%。这些数据展现了变化幅度,但没有指出哪些干预措施促成了这一变化。12

最新年度增幅的比较基线存在一处尚未解释的变化。2025 年 10 月 28 日,政府公布2024-25 年有45名遇害者。2026 年 10 月发布的数据则将同一年度人数列为47。较新的数字取代了早先数字,用于当前比较,但已查阅的公布材料没有解释两者为何不同。因此,所报告的19%增幅是以56人对比47人计算,而不是对比最初公布的45人。9 2

全国总数背后的不同模式

男性占凶杀案遇害者的大多数:56人中有41人,四舍五入后为73%。女性遇害者有15人,占27%。但最常见的关系类别有明显差异。41名男性遇害者中,有27人的死亡记录显示嫌疑人与其为熟人,占66%;BBC Scotland 将这一类别描述为朋友或熟人。女性方面,15起死亡中有10起涉及伴侣或前伴侣,占67%。每个百分比都以各自群体的遇害者为基数,而非全部凶杀案遇害者。12 1

锋利器具是29名遇害者的主要致死方式,占52%,也是过去二十年来每年最常见的致死方式。这一类别的范围比刀具杀人更广:统计类别还包括碎瓶、剑、磨尖的螺丝刀以及其他尖锐或带刃武器。若把全部29起死亡都称为刀具杀人,就超出了这项分类所能证实的范围。2

公布的数据记录了81名被指控犯有凶杀罪的人,其中75人为男性,6人为女性,四舍五入后分别占93%和7%。有些案件涉及多名被指控者,而2025-26 年没有任何案件涉及多名遇害者。因此,被指控者人数并非另一项死亡总数,而受到指控也不等于被判有罪。12 1

政府还表示,56名遇害者所涉案件均被记录为已侦破。这并不意味着81名被指控者全都已被定罪。最新摘要既没有界定“已侦破”的确切统计含义,也没有说明各被告的法院裁决结果。案件记录状态和起诉结果必须分开看待。2

解读地方数据也需要同样谨慎。BBC Scotland 于 10 月 27 日的报道列出格拉斯哥市发生12起凶杀案,阿伯丁、邓迪和爱丁堡各发生5起,但明确标注这些地方议会数据属于2024-25 年。这一年度标签尚未与地方政府的原始统计表核对。因此,不能据此可靠地判断最新年度56名遇害者的死亡地点分布。1

BBC Scotland 报道称,针对女性遇害者相关发现,司法大臣 Neil Gray 表示,这进一步彰显政府应对针对妇女和女童暴力的“绝对决心”。该媒体还提及,首席部长 John Swinney 此前曾将这类暴力称为“国家紧急状况”。这些是政府立场的表述,并非证明任何特定政策取得成功或失败的统计证据。1

苏格兰必须正视两项事实,而非在令人安心的说法和令人警觉的说法之间二选一。如今被杀害的人数远少于二十年前。但全国层面的进步,与女性死亡集中发生在现任或前任伴侣关系之中这一事实并存。几十年来凶杀案总数下降是一项重要成就;但这并不等同于远离亲近之人的伤害威胁。

播出原貌 15 行
  1. Partners or ex-partners killed ten of Scotland's fifteen female homicide victims.
  2. That's the highest share since relationship records began in 2006. Across all victims, the death toll rose by almost a fifth from the previous year's record low. How does that increase fit with Scotland's much longer decline in homicide?
  3. Police recorded 56 homicide victims across Scotland in 2025-26. Despite the increase, that was still the fourth-lowest annual total since comparable records began in 1976. The national figures cover deaths recorded by police during that year.
  4. Forty-one victims were male and fifteen were female. That's 73 percent and 27 percent respectively, after rounding. But the most common relationship between victims and the people accused of killing them differed sharply between those groups.
  5. Ten of the fifteen female victims were killed by a current or former partner. That's 67 percent after rounding. The historical high concerns the proportion of female victims killed within those relationships. It doesn't measure how widespread domestic abuse is.
  6. Among male victims, an acquaintance was the most common relationship. That category includes friends. It accounted for 27 of the 41 male victims, or 66 percent. Each percentage describes its own group of victims.
  7. Scotland recorded 121 victims in 2006-07. By 2016-17, the total was 65. The latest figures put 2024-25 at 47, followed by 56 in 2025-26. Those selected years show how the recent increase fits inside the longer fall.
  8. The latest total is 65 deaths lower than in 2006-07, a reduction of 54 percent. Compared with 2016-17, it's nine lower, or 14 percent. So Scotland has both a substantial long-term reduction and a one-year increase of nine deaths, or 19 percent.
  9. People aged sixteen to twenty-four had the largest reduction over the longer period. There were 113 victims across 2006-07 to 2010-11, compared with 28 across 2021-22 to 2025-26. That 75 percent fall compares two five-year totals.
  10. The government originally put the 2024-25 national total at 45 when it published the figures in October 2025. It now uses 47 for that same year, without explaining the change. The latest annual increase of 19 percent uses that newer total of 47.
  11. Glasgow City's local count of twelve carries a 2024-25 label. Aberdeen, Dundee and Edinburgh each have five under that label. The year hasn't been clarified, so those numbers can't tell us where the latest year's 56 deaths happened.
  12. Sharp instruments were the main method of killing for 29 victims, or 52 percent. They've been the leading method in each of the past twenty years. The category includes knives, but also broken bottles, swords, sharpened screwdrivers and other pointed or edged weapons.
  13. Eighty-one people were accused of homicide. Seventy-five were male and six were female, or 93 percent and seven percent. Some incidents involved several accused people. Every incident in 2025-26 had one victim, which helps explain the difference between those totals.
  14. The government recorded the associated case as solved for each of the 56 victims. Court outcomes are separate, and the figures don't tell us how many accused people have been convicted. Being accused doesn't mean someone has been found guilty.
  15. Justice Secretary Neil Gray said the finding about female victims reinforced the government's “absolute determination” to tackle violence against women and girls. First Minister John Swinney had previously described violence against women and girls as a “national emergency”.

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