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特朗普出席联合国大会:伊朗面临重建或毁灭,红海战事扩大

特朗普在纽约停留两天,对德黑兰提出重建或毁灭的选择,争取伯纳姆、泽连斯基和海湾领导人的支持,并让伊朗—胡塞武装问题悬而未决,影响着霍尔木兹海峡和曼德海峡。

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译自英文原文。

在联合国大会讲台上,唐纳德·特朗普用一句话给伊朗摆出了两种未来:接受协议,重建并成为一个强大得多的国家;否则就面临毁灭,迅速被打入地狱。伊朗代表在他为此前美国的打击辩护时起身离场。数小时后,他把当天与伊朗代表团约三小时的接触描述为“非常好”,并预测双方将达成协议——但他仍在协议、经济扼杀和轰炸之间作出抉择。这种急转直下就是这一周的写照⁠10⁠12⁠84。

特朗普前往纽约,参加围绕第81届高级别会议周安排的短暂而紧凑行程。他于9月21日抵达,停留两天,主要活动集中在9月22日,随后便返回华盛顿,没有留到本届会议余下时间。此时,联合国正因中东、乌克兰问题及自身前途而承受压力,乌俄战争和一场涉及伊朗的战争也构成了这一背景⁠1⁠2。

纽约两日行

  1. 9月21日

    抵达纽约,停留两天,参加高级别会议周相关活动。

    1
  2. 9月22日,上午9:55(美国东部夏令时间)

    在联合国总部参加一般性辩论并发表讲话。

    41
  3. 9月22日,上午11:45

    与英国首相安迪·伯纳姆举行首次双边会晤。

    41
  4. 9月22日,下午1:15

    与乌克兰总统弗拉基米尔·泽连斯基举行双边会晤。

    41
  5. 9月22日,下午2:45

    与海湾合作委员会举行扩大形式的多边会议。

    41
  6. 9月24日

    在纽约以外的华盛顿与习近平举行一对一会晤。

    66

周二上午9:55,他在一般性辩论上发表讲话。按照惯例,这一时段排在巴西之后;作为东道国,美国随后发言。他为美国近期对伊朗和委内瑞拉采取的军事行动辩护,呼吁对伊朗实施全面经济孤立,并将一个迫在眉睫的重大决定描述为重建还是毁灭。他称,中期选举后可能达成协议。一种说法称,他无意恢复谈判;另一种说法则称,他在演讲后确认将举行直接会谈。详细记录保留了这两方面:他声称接触“非常好”,但没有作出承诺⁠4⁠8⁠11⁠12。

2纽约停留天数(联合国周期间) 1
上午9:559月22日联合国讲话(美国东部夏令时间) 41
~130在纽约出席的国家元首和政府首脑 13

二选一的另一半是也门和红海。胡塞武装人员向曼德海峡方向推进,袭击了利雅得周边的沙特基础设施、与沙特阿美有关的设施及沙特油轮;在霍尔木兹海峡周边发生扰乱后,他们还威胁要打击沙特红海出口航线。沙特阿拉伯正寻求更多美国军事援助,以减轻导弹和无人机带来的压力并保护出口航道。美国制定了周末空袭计划,却在最后一刻取消;在此前2025年就红海航运达成停火谅解后,美国基本上没有介入重新爆发的沙特—胡塞冲突。英国承诺为沙特防御行动提供有限的油轮支援,七国集团和欧洲各国政府谴责胡塞武装的袭击,安理会则谴责胡塞武装对沙特阿拉伯的袭击,并支持利雅得自卫的权利。在特朗普抵达前后的时间段,没有公开确认美国对胡塞武装发动打击⁠56⁠57⁠62⁠83。

德黑兰的警告毫不含糊。伊朗表示,如果美国再次发动攻击,将持续报复美国基地和利益,且不设限;协助此类行动的地区盟友将被视为冲突方,并且不应对胡塞武装发动袭击。这正是两处战略咽喉为何必须一并看待的原因:局势一旦扩大,霍尔木兹海峡和曼德海峡将同时面临风险⁠78⁠79。

面对面外交的首场考验是周二上午11:45在联合国总部举行的会晤,对象是英国首相安迪·伯纳姆,会晤持续约一小时。特朗普称伯纳姆是天生的商人,也是天生的商业人士;他说伯纳姆这边有很多资产,还表示两国关系比前首相基尔·斯塔默执政时更好、更紧密。议程涉及乌克兰、贸易、中东冲突不断攀升的代价、人工智能、印度洋上的查戈斯群岛以及伊朗;伯纳姆还请特朗普向习近平提出吉米·赖的案件。伯纳姆将英国塑造为人工智能领域的重要力量;特朗普则批评英国有关查戈斯群岛的协议。镜头前的热络言辞之下,查戈斯群岛、伊朗和人工智能问题上的分歧显而易见。这次会晤之所以重要,是因为伯纳姆几个月前还担任曼彻斯特市长,且曾表示拒绝会见特朗普,后来却坚持说自己可以信任特朗普,英美特殊关系也一如既往地牢固⁠14⁠18⁠21⁠47。

乌克兰会晤定于周二下午1:15举行,此前安排一度不明,且有报道相互矛盾,称行程中没有安排这场会晤。特朗普和泽连斯基曾通电话并同意在纽约会面。泽连斯基抵达时计划参加约20场会晤,包括与特朗普及欧洲和亚洲伙伴的会晤。基辅关注的重点是缓和局势的方案、包括“爱国者”系统和拦截弹在内的防空、冬季能源和安全,以及落实制裁;与俄罗斯的全面战争仍在持续。与盟友举行双边会晤时,关税紧张关系笼罩会谈;与加拿大总理马克·卡尼的会晤则未列入计划,而此前特朗普曾声称自己结束了七场冲突⁠39⁠43⁠2。

周二下午2:45安排了海湾议题多边会议,参会方为海湾合作委员会——阿联酋、沙特阿拉伯、阿曼、巴林、科威特和卡塔尔——会议采用特朗普主持的扩大形式,埃及、伊拉克、约旦、黎巴嫩、叙利亚和土耳其也将参加,沙特外交大臣费萨尔·本·法尔汉王子出席。议题包括地区局势升级、经由霍尔木兹海峡和曼德海峡的航行,以及遏制冲突。周二的安排还包括与丹麦和格陵兰总理举行三方签署仪式、与日本首相高市早苗举行双边会谈、一场“美洲盾牌”活动、晚间领导人招待会、与委内瑞拉代总统德尔西·罗德里格斯短暂会晤,以及周一与法国总统埃马纽埃尔·马克龙的会晤⁠41⁠75。

已知

  • 周末的美国空袭计划已拟定,随后被取消。 56
  • 特朗普抵达前后,没有经确认的美国对胡塞武装打击。 2
  • 伊朗警告称,将不受限制地报复,并把协助行动者视为交战方。 79

未知

  • 美国是否会以某种商定形式向沙特阿拉伯提供军事援助,尚无定论。
  • 伯纳姆、泽连斯基或海湾会议是否取得第一步进展,尚不清楚。

后续

  • 9月24日,习近平与特朗普将在华盛顿举行一对一会晤,讨论贸易、AI和台湾问题。
  • 这一二选一局面将如何发展:达成协议、施加孤立压力,还是发动打击。

地点

  1. 01联合国总部,纽约
  2. 02沙特阿拉伯利雅得
  3. 03曼德海峡

习近平会晤安排不在纽约。中国国家主席习近平缺席联合国大会,将于9月24日周四在华盛顿与特朗普举行一对一会晤。他于9月23日晚些时候抵达,进行一天主要会谈,并于9月25日离开。预计议程包括延长贸易休战、人工智能、台湾和战略稳定。尚未解决的问题是,特朗普带进会场的究竟是什么:是在全面经济孤立下允许伊朗重建的协议,还是美国参与可能招致无限报复的打击;以及他与伯纳姆、泽连斯基、海湾及扩大范围的阿拉伯领导人、随后与习近平的会晤,能否为乌克兰、霍尔木兹海峡和曼德海峡航行、贸易、AI和台湾问题上的降级迈出哪怕第一步——还是会使围绕伊朗和红海石油航线的对抗定型⁠65⁠66⁠67。

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  1. Trump threatens to annihilate Iran unless it takes a deal.
  2. Two oil chokepoints are under pressure at once, Hormuz and Bab al-Mandab, with fuel and food prices, stranded crews and cities near American bases exposed if retaliation spreads.
  3. Will a day of face-to-face meetings pull back toward de-escalation, or lock in a wider confrontation over Iran and the Red Sea routes?
  4. The stay was short and compressed. Arrival Monday, then the main program Tuesday, then return toward Washington rather than remaining through high-level week. High-level week runs September 18 to 28, with the general debate September 22 to 26 and 28 under the theme Restoring trust, managing transformation. Brazil speaks first by tradition, then the United States as host. Nearly 130 heads of state and government attended.
  5. At 9:55 a.m. Tuesday he addressed the 81st General Assembly General Debate. He defended recent American military action against Iran and Venezuela, called for complete economic isolation of Iran, and framed the choice as a deal that lets Iran rebuild versus annihilating the Islamic Republic and driving it into hell if no deal is reached. He said a deal could come after the midterm elections and described a pending big decision. He also said talks with an Iranian delegation that day had been very good for about three hours and that a settlement was going to be reached, with no Iranian nuclear weapon. Iranian delegates walked out when he discussed strikes. Accounts conflict on what that means for diplomacy, with one saying he showed no intention to resume talks and another saying he confirmed direct talks after the speech, and the detailed account holds that he called the three-hour session very good while remaining in deciding mode among deal, economic pressure or military action.
  6. The other half of the binary is Yemen and the Red Sea. Houthi fighters pushed deeper toward Bab al-Mandab, struck Saudi infrastructure around Riyadh and Aramco-related sites and Saudi tankers, and threatened Saudi Red Sea export routes after disruption around Hormuz. Saudi Arabia is pressing for more American military help to blunt missile and drone pressure and defend export lanes. Washington is weighing a negotiated settlement with Tehran against joining Saudi offensive action. Britain offered limited tanker support for Saudi defensive operations against Houthi missiles. The Group of Seven and European governments condemned the Houthi strikes, and the Security Council condemned Houthi attacks on Saudi Arabia and backed Riyadh's right to self-defense. Iran warned a new American attack would bring sustained retaliation against American bases and interests without limitation, that regional allies assisting would be treated as parties to the conflict, and that attacks on the Houthis should not proceed.
  7. The bilateral program tested whether face-to-face diplomacy moves any of that. The first meeting with Burnham was set for 11:45 a.m. Tuesday at United Nations Headquarters and lasted about 40 to 60 minutes, about an hour. Trump greeted Burnham as a natural businessman and natural business person, said Burnham has a lot of assets on his side, and said the relationship was better and more up than under previous prime minister Keir Starmer. The agenda covered Ukraine, trade, the soaring cost of the Middle East conflict, artificial intelligence, the Chagos Islands in the Indian Ocean, and Iran. Burnham asked Trump to raise the case of Jimmy Lai with Xi. Burnham pitched Britain as a major AI player. Trump criticized the British Chagos deal. The encounter left a warm public tone over visible splits on Chagos, Iran and artificial intelligence. It mattered because Burnham arrived only months after serving as mayor of Manchester and after once saying he would refuse to meet Trump, then insisting he could trust Trump and that the special relationship was as strong as ever.
  8. Ukraine was fixed for 1:15 p.m. Tuesday after earlier uncertainty and conflicting reports about omission. Trump and Zelenskyy had spoken by phone and agreed to meet in New York. Zelenskyy arrived with about 20 meetings planned including Trump and European and Asian partners including Ursula von der Leyen, Denmark, Japan and Britain. The focus for Kyiv is de-escalation ideas, air defense including Patriots and interceptors, winter energy and security, and sanctions follow-through while the full-scale war with Russia continues. The backdrop includes tariff tensions over bilaterals with allies and no meeting planned with Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney, against prior context of a claim of having ended seven conflicts.
  9. The Gulf file was fixed for 2:45 p.m. Tuesday as a multilateral with the Gulf Cooperation Council, the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Bahrain, Kuwait and Qatar, in an expanded Trump-hosted format that also brought in Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria and Turkey, with Saudi Foreign Minister Prince Faisal bin Farhan present. The listed topics are regional escalation and navigation through Hormuz and Bab al-Mandab and containing the conflict. Tuesday also listed a trilateral signing with the prime ministers of Denmark and Greenland at 10:40 a.m., a bilateral with Japan Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi at 12:30 p.m., a Shield of the Americas event at 2:15 p.m., a leaders reception at 7:15 p.m., and a pull-aside with Venezuela acting president Delcy Rodriguez at 7:40 p.m., plus a Monday meeting with France President Emmanuel Macron and a Gracie Mansion meeting with New York City Mayor Zohran Mamdani.
  10. The Xi piece sits outside New York. Chinese President Xi Jinping skipped the Assembly to meet Trump one-on-one in Washington on Thursday September 24, arriving late September 23 for one main day of talks and departing September 25. The expected agenda is extension of a trade truce, artificial intelligence including a possible executive meeting, Taiwan and strategic stability. Unresolved is the binary carried into the hall, a settlement letting Iran rebuild with complete economic isolation pressure versus American participation in strikes risking retaliation without limit, the exact form any American military help to Saudi Arabia would take, and whether meetings with Burnham, Zelenskyy, Gulf and expanded Arab leaders and then Xi produce even a first step toward de-escalation on Ukraine, Hormuz and Bab al-Mandab navigation, trade, AI and Taiwan or lock in confrontation over Iran and the Red Sea oil routes.

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