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联合国大会上,爱尔兰称没有欧盟支持,承认巴勒斯坦意义不大

高级别周在加沙、乌克兰和联合国承压之际开幕;都柏林表示,若没有全欧盟范围内具有约束力的施压,各国单独实施禁令还不够。

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原语言视频

译自英文原文。

仅靠承认本身,能否改变加沙和约旦河西岸的局势——还是只有全欧洲共同行动才有意义?爱尔兰在第81届联合国大会开幕之际提出了这个问题。战争、援助以及集体行动的公信力,再度成为高级别周的焦点。⁠1⁠41

纽约开幕周

  1. 2026年9月8日

    第81届大会会议在纽约开幕。

    4
  2. 2026年9月18日至28日

    联合国公布的高级别周安排。

    5
  3. 2026年9月22日至26日及28日

    各国代表的一般性辩论发言举行。

    3
  4. 2026年9月24日

    爱尔兰国家声明定于星期四发表。

    35

日程本身就展现出一个拥挤不堪、运转吃力的体系。第81届会议于2026年9月8日开幕,联合国公布的高级别周安排为9月18日至28日;一般性辩论——各国领导人依次发表国家声明——于9月22日至26日举行,并于9月28日继续。⁠4⁠5⁠3 另一份美国官方日程则将日期列为9月22日至29日,结束日期相差一天,但相关材料没有解释这一差异。⁠7 本届会议的主题是“重建信任,驾驭变革:一个为所有人办事的联合国”,大会主席由孟加拉国的哈利鲁尔·拉赫曼担任。⁠4 预计近130位国家元首和政府首脑将登上讲台,按照惯例由巴西首先发言。⁠9

~130预计出席的国家元首和政府首脑 9
9月18-28日联合国公布的高级别周安排 5
9月24日爱尔兰国家声明安排日期 35

此次开幕被视为一场考验,检验集体机构是否仍能遏制战争、重建信任。秘书长安东尼奥·古特雷斯告诉各国领导人,中东各地的冲突正在接连蔓延,所谓的停火不过是让战火稍微减弱。⁠51 他形容,气候危机已从遥远的警告变成日常现实;人工智能的发展速度也快到让其创造者都措手不及——这些都是同一个故事的篇章,即权力的故事。⁠51 他呼吁,要建设一个互联的未来,首先必须承认,尤其是超级大国必须承认,它们的力量并非无所不能,而且存在局限。⁠51

以色列不能继续否认全世界都知道的事

米歇尔·马丁 13

这番警告背后,是主导各方走廊议程的两场战争:加沙战事、以色列在约旦河西岸扩建定居点、巴勒斯坦人获取援助受阻以及更广泛的地区局势升级;此外还有俄罗斯与乌克兰之间持续的全面战争,以及由此引发的援助、领土完整、冬季能源和安全问题。⁠1⁠53 在这些问题背后,是联合国自身面临的压力——信任遭到侵蚀、安全理事会陷入僵局、财政和资金承压,以及关于多边主义是否仍有意义的公开争论。⁠58⁠26

爱尔兰星期四的讲台考验

爱尔兰总理米歇尔·马丁率爱尔兰代表团前往纽约,定于星期四(9月24日)发表爱尔兰国家声明。相关安排被描述为爱尔兰时间星期四晚间至星期五凌晨。⁠35⁠39 截至9月22日的报道中,2026年一般性辩论演讲的文本、文字记录或已发表内容均未公开;报道介绍的是访问计划及相关讲话,而非已经发表的演讲。⁠12⁠13⁠16 爱尔兰说明,此行的优先事项包括:强调巴勒斯坦和乌克兰的和平对爱尔兰人民的重要性,呼吁中东实现和平、乌克兰停火,并在与全球领导人的会谈中推动向巴勒斯坦提供援助。⁠16⁠19⁠12 中东行程包括参加“两国方案全球联盟”活动,以及出席法国、加拿大和英国举办的活动,纪念《纽约宣言》发表一周年,并讨论加沙和平计划。

这次访问最引人注目之处,在于都柏林最直白的主张:爱尔兰单独采取的行动还不够。爱尔兰与其他国家一道承认巴勒斯坦国,并采取了国家层面的措施,包括禁止进口来自被占领土的定居点商品,以及对个人实施制裁,其中包括禁止以色列部长伊塔马尔·本-格维尔和贝扎莱尔·斯莫特里奇入境爱尔兰。⁠18 2026年6月,马丁表示,欧盟需要在以色列问题上采取更多行动。⁠18 带入高级别周的主张是,各国单独采取的措施无法改变以色列政府的决策,只有共同采取行动才有分量。⁠41

呼吁采取的措施是在欧盟层面落实:实施全欧盟范围的制裁,并限制以色列商品和服务,尤其是与定居点相关的贸易,而非仅靠各国分别立法。⁠41 外交部长海伦·麦肯蒂表示,欧盟对以色列的应对缺乏共同立场,已经损害了欧盟的公信力。⁠41 马丁支持古特雷斯关于加沙的看法,并表示约旦河西岸定居点扩张令人担忧,可能导致种族清洗;不过,报道中这段讲话的摘录并不完整。⁠13

已知

  • 一般性辩论于9月22日至26日举行,并于9月28日继续。 3
  • 爱尔兰已承认巴勒斯坦,并实施了针对定居点商品和旅行的国家级禁令。 18
  • 爱尔兰呼吁实施全欧盟范围的制裁,并限制定居点贸易。 41

未知

  • 截至9月22日,马丁2026年已发表演讲的文本尚未公开。
  • 欧盟尚未提出制裁清单、时间表或执行机制。

后续

  • 马丁9月24日的声明是否会提及某项具体的欧盟工具。
  • 欧盟共同施压是否会超越承认,还是会停滞不前,公信力仍受到质疑。

对会场外的人来说,利害关系十分具体:援助能否送达巴勒斯坦人,平民能否在轰炸和流离失所中得到保护,定居点扩张是否会使两国方案失去实现可能,以及乌克兰能否摆脱持续的全面战争。⁠1 爱尔兰认为,全欧盟范围的措施比各国单独立法更有影响力,可借助贸易、援助和外交施压,推动达成解决方案并遵守国际准则。

来源34

在此处引用的来源中,RTÉ News最先发布,比本报道播出早37小时。
  1. RTÉ News
  2. HeyDay News

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  1. Israel can't keep denying what the world knows.
  2. Nearly 130 heads of state and government are taking the podium in New York while wars in Gaza and Ukraine grind on and aid, civilian protection and the two-state future hang in the balance.
  3. Will Ireland's call turn recognition and national bans into binding Europe-wide pressure, or stall with credibility still questioned?
  4. Nearly 130 heads of state and government were expected to take the podium, with Brazil speaking first by tradition, a measure of how crowded and consequential this high-level week is.
  5. The 81st session opened on 8 September. High-level week is listed as 18 to 28 September, with the General Debate running 22 to 26 September and resuming 28 September. The end date appears elsewhere as 29 September, with no explanation for the difference. The session theme is Restoring trust, managing transformation: A United Nations That Delivers for All. The president of the 81st session is Khalilur Rahman of Bangladesh.
  6. That line captures the test framing this opening: whether collective institutions can still restrain wars and rebuild trust. Across the Middle East conflicts are cascading, with so-called ceasefires amounting to little more than lesser fires, alongside fighting in Gaza, expansion of Israeli settlements in the West Bank, constrained aid access for Palestinians and wider regional escalation.
  7. The full-scale war between Russia and Ukraine continues, raising support, territorial integrity and winter energy and security. Around those wars sit pressures on the United Nations itself: eroded trust, Security Council paralysis, financial and funding pressure, the relevance of multilateralism and the search for a successor to Secretary-General António Guterres. The climate crisis has moved from distant warning to daily reality, and artificial intelligence has moved at a speed that has blindsided even those who created it, described as chapters of the same story, the story of power, with an appeal that building a networked future begins with recognition, especially by superpowers, that their power isn't so super and has limits.
  8. Taoiseach Micheál Martin is in New York with an Irish delegation to deliver Ireland's national statement on Thursday 24 September, Thursday evening into early Friday Irish time. No text, transcript or delivered content of a 2026 General Debate speech is yet public, with material to 22 September describing plans and remarks around the visit rather than a delivered address.
  9. Stated Irish priorities are the importance of peace in Palestine and Ukraine, a call for peace in the Middle East and a ceasefire in Ukraine, a push for Palestine aid in talks with global leaders including expected meetings with Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney and New York Mayor Zohran Mamdani, and a focus on multilateralism, aid and Ukraine alongside Middle East diplomacy. The Middle East program includes the Global Alliance for the Two-State Solution and a France-Canada-United Kingdom event marking a year since the New York Declaration and a Gaza peace plan. Listed high-level week events also include the SDG Moment on 18 September and high-level meetings on the right to development and on climate action and just transition on 23 September.
  10. Ireland, with others, has recognised the State of Palestine and taken national steps including an Irish import ban on settlement goods from occupied territory and individual sanctions including a ban on travel to Ireland for Israeli ministers Itamar Ben-Gvir and Bezalel Smotrich. In June 2026 Martin said the European Union needs to do more in terms of Israel. The argument into high-level week is that national steps are not enough to change decisions by the Israeli government and only common action carries weight. What is urged is EU-wide sanctions and restrictions on Israeli goods and services, especially settlement-related trade, applied at EU level for more impact than separate national laws. Foreign Minister Helen McEntee has said EU credibility is gone over the response to Israel without a common response. Martin backed Guterres's Gaza view and said expansion of West Bank settlements raises the spectre of ethnic cleansing, with the excerpt truncated in reporting.
  11. For people the stakes are aid reaching Palestinians, protection of civilians under bombardment and displacement, an end to settlement expansion that forecloses a two-state outcome, and in Ukraine relief from continued full-scale war. What remains unresolved is what Martin will actually say from the podium on 24 September and whether any specific collective EU instrument follows, with no final EU sanctions list, no timetable for an EU-level settlement-goods restriction and no agreed enforcement or verification mechanism yet on the table.

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