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AfD有望在德国组建首个极右翼州政府

首批预测显示,AfD在萨克森-安哈尔特州得票率为44.5%,较2021年翻了一番多,CDU仅为18.5%。绝对多数——83席中的42席——如今取决于5%的门槛。

译自英文原文。

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44.5%。这个数字说上两遍,听起来仍不像是德国的选举结果——在这个自1945年以来极右翼从未执掌过任何一个州的国家,更是如此。然而,2026年9月6日(星期日)18:00,萨克森-安哈尔特州投票结束,首批预测显示德国选择党(AfD)得票率约为44.5%,执政的基督教民主联盟为18.5%。24 28 约170万人拥有投票资格,截至16:00投票率已达约65%,高于2021年60.3%的最终投票率。30 经认证的结果预计将于周一凌晨公布,但格局已定:领先26个百分点,得票翻倍,一次断裂。

关键事实

  1. 44.5%AfD预测得票率(首批出口民调) 28
  2. 18.5%CDU预测得票率(大幅下滑) 28
  3. ~65%截至16:00投票率,高于2021年 30
  4. 4283席议会中过半所需席位 9

要感受这次选票转向的幅度,需要回溯五年。2021年,AfD在萨克森-安哈尔特州获得20.8%的选票,CDU则获得37.1%并执掌州政府。9 如今首批预测将这一排序颠倒,并且翻了一番:两家广播机构的出口民调显示AfD约为44%至44.5%,CDU为18.5%。28 选前民调也指向同一方向——AfD为40%至43%,CDU为22%至24%——但预测结果落在AfD区间的上限和CDU区间的下限。12 16 这将是战后极右翼在德国任何一个州取得的最强战绩,也是自2002年以来一直连续执掌该州州长职位的政党的最差战绩。10

矛盾之处在于,第一名从来不是问题所在,权力才是。常规州议会有83个议席,因此42席即为绝对多数。9 根据这些预测推算的席位分布为:AfD 39至41席,CDU 16至17席,左翼党8至9席,绿党8至9席,SPD 7至8席。28 新成立的左翼民粹政党BSW以4.8%至5.0%处于临界点,FDP则以约2%至2.5%出局。28 由于得票率低于5%的政党所获选票将作废,这些废票会抬高获胜者的席位份额,这也是为什么一所大学的模型即使在AfD得票率未达42%的情况下,仍给出其单独过半约26%的概率。20 BSW能否跨过5%门槛,以及剩余选票如何集中,将决定44%的得票率能否转化为一个政府。

多数席位取决于5%门槛

选票上位列榜首的两人对接下来的局面表态再清楚不过:双方不会有任何合作。乌尔里希·西格蒙德现年35岁,来自坦格明德,自2016年起任州议员,自2022年起任AfD议会党团联合主席。他以“45%再加X”和AfD单独执政为竞选口号,并排除与CDU组成任何联合政府。31 32 他的对手斯文·舒尔策现年46岁,1979年7月31日生于奎德林堡,2014年至2021年任欧洲议会议员,在赖纳·哈泽洛夫为实现代际更替而卸任后,自2026年1月28日起担任州长。他排除任命AfD和左翼党部长,希望延续CDU-SPD-FDP联合政府。4 5 总理弗里德里希·默茨和舒尔策均拒绝与AfD达成任何协议;西格蒙德则拒绝与CDU达成任何协议。1 这种相互拒绝正是CDU的“防火墙”(Brandmauer),即2018年联邦党代会通过的决议,禁止与AfD或左翼党组成任何联合政府或进行类似合作。1

在萨克森-安哈尔特州,第一名从来不是问题;问题在于44%的得票率能否转化为42个议席。

默茨用经济语言来阐述防火墙。他表示,无法想象外国投资者会与一位AfD籍州长一同出席奠基仪式,该州将因此遭受相当大的损害。10 他在奎德林堡和洛伊纳补充说,如果周一右翼民粹政党锁定绝对多数,投资者会三思而后行,而且该州绝不能成为“愤怒公民的试验场”(Experimentierfeld für Wutbürger)。1 这一警告对该州意义重大:该州以洛伊纳的高耗能化工业为支柱,拥有全德最老龄化的劳动力,且成本承压。8 萨克森-安哈尔特州在联邦参议院69票中拥有4票,须作为整体投出,因此若这4票脱离与CDU结盟的阵营,AfD将首次在全国层面的议事桌上获得发言权,尽管单个州无法独自阻止联邦法律。8 萨克森-安哈尔特州今年晚些时候还将担任州长联席会议主席。8

相关人物

  • 乌尔里希·西格蒙德AfD首席候选人,35岁,核心主张为AfD单独执政
  • 斯文·舒尔策CDU首席候选人,自2026年1月起任州长
  • 弗里德里希·默茨德国总理,防火墙捍卫者
  • 格特·皮克尔莱比锡社会学家,《2025年萨克森-安哈尔特监测》

近距离观察,这一结果的滋生土壤使其显得不那么出人意料。该州人口已从柏林墙倒塌时的约300万降至目前的约220万,预计到2031年前后将跌破200万,到2040年将降至约180万。1 这就是有据可查的AfD悖论:90%的AfD支持者将移民问题列为关注重点,但该州外国人占比约为8%,具有移民背景者占比约为11%,而全国约为30%。1 该党在移民和犯罪最少的地方最为强势。1 AfD在此以该党最强硬的州级纲领参选:推行“再移民”并扩大遣返拘留,要求寻求庇护者履行劳动义务,削减民主促进资金,精简部门,改写公共广播体制,保留煤炭,重返核能,通过联邦参议院放宽对俄罗斯天然气的制裁,以及推行传统主义学校教育。1 西格蒙德曾出席2023年被Correctiv曝光的波茨坦会议,该会议讨论了大规模“再移民”。1

这一纲领所面对的选民,被研究人员描述为有意愿但很脆弱。由莱比锡社会学家格特·皮克尔主持的《2025年萨克森-安哈尔特监测》发现,尽管87%的人在抽象层面支持民主,但只有43.5%的人拒绝威权式替代方案。1 54%的人——即“脆弱的民主派”——接受民主,但不排除一党制、强人领袖或独裁,另有约3%被归类为独裁主义者。1 皮克尔的观点并不是说这些选民反民主,而是说一旦出现断裂,他们不会可靠地捍卫这一制度——而这恰恰是AfD扩张的群体。1 这也是法律界限的背景:自2023年11月7日起,萨克森-安哈尔特州国内情报机构已将AfD州分部列为已确认的右翼极端主义组织。该党正在马格德堡通过诉讼对此提出异议,此案因科隆的联邦案件而暂停审理;这一定性并不会使其被排除在选票之外。1

已知

  • 首批预测显示AfD得票率为44%至44.5%,CDU为18.5%。 28
  • 共有83个议席待选,绝对多数需要42席。 9
  • 截至16:00投票率约为65%,高于2021年的最终投票率。 30

未知

  • 尚无经认证的结果,BSW是否跨过5%门槛也尚未确定。
  • AfD的席位总数尚未确定;若其未能过半,也没有组建联合政府的途径。

后续

  • 周一凌晨经认证的计票结果是否会让AfD单独获得42席。
  • CDU少数政府是否需要左翼党投弃权票,从而考验防火墙的另一半。
播出原貌 14 行
  1. First forecasts put Germany's far-right AfD at 44.5 percent in Saxony-Anhalt.
  2. That would give the AfD the first far-right state government in post-war Germany — led by a party its own state intelligence has branded a confirmed right-wing extremist organization since November 2023. The question now is whether it can claim the 42 of 83 seats needed for an absolute majority — or whether a five-percent hurdle and a small populist party decide the outcome.
  3. About 1.7 million people were eligible; turnout by 4 PM had already reached 65 percent, above the full 60.3 percent turnout of the 2021 election. A certified result is expected early Monday.
  4. The CDU's collapse is stark: from 37.1 percent five years ago to 18.5 percent in the forecast. The AfD has more than doubled its 20.8 percent from 2021. Both broadcasters' forecasts put the AfD around 44 to 44.5 percent.
  5. The 83-seat parliament needs 42 for a majority. The forecasts sketch the AfD at 39 to 41 seats, the CDU at 16 to 17, and the new left-populist BSW on the knife-edge at 4.8 to 5.0 percent. The FDP is heading out at two to 2.5 percent. Because of the five-percent threshold, wasted votes inflate the AfD's seat share. One university model put the chance of an AfD solo majority at about 26 percent. Whether BSW crosses five percent, and whether leftover votes concentrate, will decide if the AfD can rule alone.
  6. Both Merz and Schulze reject any deal with the AfD; Siegmund rejects any deal with the CDU.
  7. The AfD's lead candidate is 35-year-old Ulrich Siegmund, a Landtag member since 2016, who campaigned on winning 45 percent plus X and an AfD-only government. He rejects any coalition with the CDU. His rival is Sven Schulze, the incumbent Minister-President since January, an MEP from 2014 to 2021, who rules out AfD ministers and wants to continue the CDU-SPD-FDP coalition. The CDU has governed the state continuously since 2002, and essentially since reunification. Chancellor Merz has placed the firewall directly in play.
  8. Merz warned that investors would think three times if an absolute majority for the right-populist party locks in on Monday.
  9. The AfD is challenging that extremist classification in court; the Magdeburg case is stayed pending the federal case in Cologne.
  10. Saxony-Anhalt casts 4 of the Bundesrat's 69 votes as a bloc. An AfD government would put the first AfD voice at the national table, though a single state cannot block federal law. The state also takes the chair of the Conference of Minister-Presidents later this year.
  11. The deeper context is demographic and economic. The state's population has fallen from about 3 million at the fall of the Wall to roughly 2.2 million now, with forecasts under 2 million by 2031 and toward 1.8 million by 2040. It has the oldest workforce in Germany and an energy-intensive chemical industry under cost pressure at Leuna. Migration is the top issue for 90 percent of AfD supporters — yet the foreigner share here is about 8 percent, and the migrant-background share about 11 percent versus roughly 30 percent nationally. It's a paradox: the AfD is strongest where immigration is lowest.
  12. The 2025 Sachsen-Anhalt-Monitor found that while 87 percent of residents endorse democracy in the abstract, only 43.5 percent reject authoritarian alternatives. Fifty-four percent — fragile democrats — accept democracy but would not rule out a one-party system, a strong leader, or a dictatorship. The researcher says these voters would not reliably defend the system in a rupture — exactly the pool where the AfD grows.
  13. The AfD's state program is among the party's hardest: remigration and expanded deportation detention, a work duty for asylum seekers, cutting democracy-promotion funding, shrinking ministries, rewriting public broadcasting, keeping coal, returning to nuclear power, easing Russian-gas sanctions through the Bundesrat, and traditionalist schooling. Siegmund attended the 2023 Potsdam meeting that discussed mass remigration.
  14. The vote is a test of the firewall and of post-war precedent. The certified result early Monday will show whether the AfD can claim an absolute majority — and whether the CDU, facing a minority, might need Left abstentions, testing the left half of its own firewall.

来源

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引用来源

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译文更新于 2026年9月24日 GMT-5 08:08

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