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科技 · 超市制冷系统持续报道 · 第 2 篇,共 2 篇

疑似网络攻击致六个欧洲国家食品冷藏中断

零售商应对夜间制冷故障之际,比利时一家门店估计有价值 €100,000 的农产品被丢弃。将六个国家联系起来的单一网络攻击尚未得到证实。

文字 阅读需 6 分钟 · 23 个来源

原语言视频

译自英文原文。

自上次报道以来的变化

19 天后

当时

法国超市遭黑客攻击,食品变质,零售商争分夺秒确保制冷系统安全

我们当时说尚无定论的问题

  1. 攻击者、动机、具体入侵方式、完整的实体损失和最终损失仍未得到确认。

    尚无定论

    新的报道没有确认攻击者、动机或具体入侵途径,也没有提供完整的实体损失或财务损失统计。报道同样没有确立法国袭击事件与11月中断之间存在取证层面的关联。

  2. 零售商能否确认制冷安全、关闭暴露的访问渠道,并在不再发生中断的情况下重新开放受影响区域。

    尚无定论

    新事件的运营恢复取得了部分进展:舍布门店已重新开业,家乐福保持门店营业,Coop 报告称事件已得到遏制,Sabcobel 正在断开设备连接。但这些进展都不能证明所有新近受影响地点均已完成恢复,也没有解决此前法国事件的恢复情况问题。⁠1

现在

零售商应对夜间制冷故障之际,比利时一家门店估计有价值 €100,000 的农产品被丢弃。将六个国家联系起来的单一网络攻击尚未得到证实。

比利时霍伊拉尔特的一名超市经理估计,价值 €100,000 的农产品不得不丢弃。这还没有计算德尔海兹门店关闭期间的营业损失。这是目前对一次制冷故障给出的最明确的单店损失估值;故障导致六个欧洲国家的商店面临冷柜升温、库存变质和营业中断。⁠1

此次中断在11月2日凌晨前后发生,影响了比利时、卢森堡、瑞典、爱尔兰、荷兰和爱沙尼亚的零售商。多家企业和供应商称,冷却控制系统遭到恶意干扰。为德尔海兹运营制冷系统、并生产部分受影响设备的 Sabcobel 将其所遭遇的事件称为网络攻击。但尚未证明有一次行动波及这六个国家。⁠1⁠2

相比数字层面的解释,实体损失有更充分的证据。食品已下架,员工要承担清理工作,部分商店暂时关闭。另一些商店则一直营业或已经重新开业。目前仍没有完整的库存损失统计,也没有所有受影响地点的确认恢复时间表,更没有确认攻击者身份。⁠1⁠2

损失从冷柜开始

据 BBC 报道,霍伊拉尔特的估值来自该店经理接受比利时媒体《最后消息报》采访时所说的内容。该估值仅涉及比利时佛兰德地区一家门店丢弃的农产品,并非经过审计的全国损失总额。当地媒体报道称,更广泛的食品损失达数百万欧元,但目前尚未确定可靠的合计金额或损失吨数。不能将该门店的估值简单加到这些更广泛的说法上,因为相同损失可能已经计入其中。⁠1

比利时和卢森堡合计约有40家德尔海兹超市受到影响,并非两国各有40家。家乐福报告称,比利时有15家门店业务受扰,并表示采取紧急措施后,其所有商店都保持营业。运营比利时 Spar 特许经营门店的 Colruyt 集团称,5家门店的制冷系统遭到攻击。这些是零售商各自的说法,并非对所有受影响场所进行核对后得出的完整统计。⁠1

在荷兰,据报受影响者包括肉店和小型社区商店。丹佛斯一名发言人告诉荷兰广播公司 NOS,至少17家企业的制冷和冷冻温度在夜间遭到更改。这是受影响企业的数量,并非17家超市分店。这也说明,事件后果并不局限于大型食品连锁店。⁠6

爱尔兰 SuperValu 报告称,13家超市的制冷系统受到影响。其所有者 Musgrave 集团称,这起网络事件仅涉及“特定型号”的冰箱。这一限定很重要:它不意味着这些门店的所有制冷设备都发生故障,也不意味着整个 SuperValu 门店网络都受到影响。目前尚未确认爱尔兰的损失总额或完整恢复时间。⁠1

因此,成本并不只是故障冷冻柜内食品的价值。员工清理库存、恢复运营期间,商店也可能损失营业时间。霍伊拉尔特经理的估算清楚体现了这一区别:食品损失的账单已经相当可观,而门店关闭又造成了额外损失。

设定值不等于实际温度

瑞典南部舍布市的一家 ICA 门店称,有人将其冰箱和冷冻柜设定为 50°C,相当于 122°F。这只是控制器设定值被更改的说法,并不能证明柜体或其中物品实际达到该温度。该门店提前关闭,随后重新开业。ICA 表示,事件影响了少数在其中央网络之外运营的门店,并称正在为这些门店提供支持。该公司没有报告中央网络本身遭到入侵。⁠1

另一家门店——斯德哥尔摩的 ICA Baronen——发布通知称,其所有冷冻柜都因网络攻击而损坏。该店销售经理称,事件发生在当地时间凌晨2点,直至凌晨5:30才被发现。这些时间描述的是一家门店的经历,并非已经确认的整个欧洲范围中断事件的起始和发现时间。⁠2

11月2日发布的报道中,瑞典 Coop 受影响门店数量有所增加:《独立报》较早的报道提到有6家门店受影响;BBC 随后的报道则称,800家门店中有7家受影响。后一个数字取代了较早的统计,但尚未说明数字变化的原因。Coop 对 BBC 表示,情况“目前已得到遏制并处于控制之下”——这比确认所有冷柜都已恢复运行、所有丢弃的库存都已补齐更为有限。⁠2⁠1

爱沙尼亚广播公司 ERR 指出,Selver 一家超市受到影响。供应商 Kitman Coldtech 也称,一家连锁超市客户受到影响,设备设定值被改为 +50°C,但该报道没有透露连锁超市的名称。这些报道不能证明有两家不同的受害者;此外,该设定值同样不应被误认为是测得的食品温度。⁠21⁠2

遏制事件不等于完成恢复

关于制冷中断原因,目前最具体的解释来自 Sabcobel。该公司称,蒸发器——制冷系统中有助于提供冷却的部件——被切换到除霜模式,导致设备升温。首席执行官 Stephan Moelans 告诉比利时通讯社 Belga,这是一起网络攻击,并称公司正在积极隔离设备。⁠1

通宵工作到早上,将受影响设备从网络断开

Sabcobel 首席执行官 Stephan Moelans 1

Moelans 表示,在此前法国袭击事件发生后,公司便开始了防护工作;受影响设备需要进行实体改造,而不仅仅是软件变更。他建议通过安全的互联网连接管理冰箱,并称法国事件发生后,大多数 Sabcobel 客户都已切换连接方式。这些是供应商对自身应对措施的描述及其提出的防护建议,并不能证明所有易受攻击的设备都已改造,或残余风险已彻底消除。⁠1

10月14日,我们报道了法国数百家超市在袭击者远程操控制冷控制系统后,丢弃了新鲜和冷冻食品。关于11月设备进入除霜模式的说法,与此前的机制相似。变化之处在于,制冷中断据报波及了更广泛的地理范围;尚未出现的,则是能将法国袭击事件与所有这些新事件联系起来的取证证据。

Ahold Delhaize 也报告称,其基础设施在10月出现可疑活动,并已向警方报案。目前没有确凿证据表明该活动与11月的制冷故障有关。零售商遭遇事件的时间和影响相似,足以成为调查理由,却不能证明这些事件出自同一攻击者、涉及同一遭入侵平台,或通过同一途径入侵设备。⁠2

比利时和瑞典的国家网络安全机构正在监测此事件。英国国家网络安全中心表示,正与国际伙伴和行业合作,以了解事件经过;目前没有报告英国境内出现受影响事件。这些应对措施并不能证明六个国家的事件有共同原因。⁠1

对零售商而言,眼下的考验既是实际运营层面的,也是取证层面的:确保制冷可靠、补足库存,并避免中断重演。重新打开门店或断开控制器都是进展,但还不能算是对食品损失或安全防护失效原因的最终说明。

时间线

第 25 天 · 2 篇报道

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    疑似网络攻击致六个欧洲国家食品冷藏中断
播出原貌
  1. Supermarkets are throwing away food after their refrigeration systems failed overnight. The disruption reaches shops in six countries, destroying stock and interrupting trading.
  2. On October 14, we reported that hundreds of French supermarkets had discarded food after attackers remotely manipulated refrigeration controls. Now, other countries face cooling failures. Can affected businesses restore reliable refrigeration and replace discarded stock without another interruption?
  3. Shops in Belgium, Luxembourg, Sweden, Ireland, the Netherlands and Estonia have reported refrigeration disruption. The failures happened overnight into November 2. Retailers and suppliers describe altered temperatures, warming freezers and food that had to be removed from sale.
  4. Around 40 Delhaize supermarkets were affected across Belgium and Luxembourg combined. Delhaize is investigating. Its refrigeration operator, Sabcobel, calls the incident a cyberattack. The losses are already tangible at one branch in Hoeilaart, in Belgium's Flanders region.
  5. The Hoeilaart store's manager estimates that discarded produce was worth 100,000 euros. That leaves out further losses from closing the shop. For this branch, the cost includes both the stock thrown away and the trading time lost.
  6. Regional food losses are reportedly in the millions of euros, but a reliable combined total isn't yet confirmed. The Hoeilaart estimate covers one branch, and can't simply be added to that broader figure.
  7. Workers face the physical cleanup as well as the cooling failure. They have to remove spoiled stock while businesses work to restore operations. Some shops have closed temporarily, while others have managed to keep their doors open.
  8. Carrefour says 15 Belgian stores were affected. It took immediate measures and kept all its shops open. Colruyt Group says five shops had their refrigeration systems attacked. The group operates Belgian Spar stores through franchises. Those figures describe the named retailers' impacts.
  9. An ICA branch in Sjöbo says someone set its refrigerators and freezers to 50 degrees Celsius, or 122 Fahrenheit. That's the reported controller setting. It doesn't tell us how hot the cabinets or their food actually became.
  10. The Sjöbo branch closed earlier and has since reopened. ICA says a small number of affected stores operate outside its central network, and it's supporting them. In Stockholm, ICA Baronen posted a notice saying all its freezers were broken because of a cyberattack.
  11. That store's sales manager put the incident at two in the morning, with discovery at half past five. Those times describe what happened at ICA Baronen. The disruption elsewhere has its own local circumstances.
  12. Coop's affected-store count ranges from six to seven out of its 800 Swedish stores. The difference hasn't been explained. Coop says the situation is currently contained and under control, though that doesn't specify when every affected cabinet returned to service.
  13. In Ireland, 13 SuperValu supermarkets had refrigeration systems affected. Owner Musgrave describes a cyber incident limited to a specific refrigerator model. In the Netherlands, equipment maker Danfoss says temperatures were altered at at least 17 businesses, including butchers and small neighbourhood shops.
  14. In Estonia, a Selver supermarket was affected. Supplier Kitman Coldtech also describes an affected supermarket-chain client and settings changed to 50 degrees Celsius. Its client account doesn't name the chain, so it can't be counted as another separate victim.
  15. Sabcobel says evaporators, the parts of the system that help provide cooling, were switched into defrost mode. That caused refrigeration units to warm. Chief executive Stephan Moelans says the company has been disconnecting affected equipment from the network.
  16. Moelans says Sabcobel has been working all night and morning to disconnect the affected units. His company operates Delhaize's systems and manufactures some affected equipment. That work describes containment still underway while shops deal with the consequences.
  17. Moelans says protection work began after the French attack, and affected units need physical modifications as well as software changes. He recommends managing refrigerators through a secure internet connection, and says most of Sabcobel's customers switched after France.
  18. Ahold Delhaize had also reported suspicious activity in its infrastructure to police in October. Nobody has identified who caused the current disruption or why. A shared operation linking all six countries, the earlier suspicious activity and the French attacks hasn't been demonstrated.
  19. Businesses have made partial progress. The Sjöbo store reopened, Carrefour kept shops open, Coop describes containment, and Sabcobel is disconnecting units. Reliable cooling and replacement stock across every affected site still haven't been confirmed, and there's no complete restoration timetable.
  20. Belgium's and Sweden's national cybersecurity agencies are monitoring the incident. The UK's National Cyber Security Centre is working with international partners and industry to understand what happened. No affected incidents have been reported in the United Kingdom.

来源22

在此处引用的来源中,ERR最先发布,比本报道播出早5小时。 随后还有12家媒体发布。

9家媒体未注明日期:Anadoluapnews.combrusselstimes.comdemorgen.behln.bemetro.co.uk

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