政治 · 巴西决选持续报道 · 第 3 篇,共 3 篇
博尔索纳罗之子领先卢拉1.9个百分点,此前显示卢拉领先的民调看来有误
45岁的弗拉维奥·博尔索纳罗在巴西第一轮投票中位居第一,卢拉第二。10月25日的决选取决于流向其他候选人的约8%选票是否会倒向右翼。
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持续报道第 71 天
3 篇报道42 家媒体56 个来源5 个视频
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27年刑期在外,25%关税来袭:卢拉与博索纳罗之子竞逐10月选举当时尚无定论
- 具体民调数字、完整关税清单,以及互惠措施具体会带来什么。
- 排名靠后的三位候选人的身份和政纲,以及其他丑闻的详情。
我们说过将关注的
- 卢拉是否会在10月前迅速依据《经济互惠法》采取行动。
- 关税带来的冲击会否演变为一场主权议题投票,或一场反对现任者的投票。
现在
45岁的弗拉维奥·博尔索纳罗在巴西第一轮投票中位居第一,卢拉第二。10月25日的决选取决于流向其他候选人的约8%选票是否会倒向右翼。
现已确认
- 计票100%完成后,弗拉维奥·博尔索纳罗获得47.03%的有效票,卢拉获得45.16%;两人均未超过50%。
- 决选将于10月25日举行。弗拉维奥已承诺赦免其父亲,后者因政变正在服刑27年。
- 弗拉维奥在15个州获得最多选票,卢拉在12个联邦单位获得最多选票。
我们自这场竞选启动以来一直在跟踪报道。7月26日,弗拉维奥·博尔索纳罗在圣保罗接受自由党提名,现场播放了由人工智能生成的其父、前总统雅伊尔·博尔索纳罗的讲话。8月17日,我们报道了两人民调接近,背景是美国关税争端。路透社报道的一项7月下旬民调显示,在假设的决选中卢拉领先弗拉维奥27。周日的第一轮投票推翻了这一格局。45岁的参议员弗拉维奥首次竞选总统,位居第一。80岁、谋求非连续第四个总统任期的现任总统路易斯·伊纳西奥·卢拉·达席尔瓦位居第二。两人得票均未过50%,因此将于10月25日再度对决1。
关键事实
差距有多小
全部选票计完后,《环球报》称弗拉维奥获得47.03%的有效票,约5610万张,卢拉获得45.16%6。G1称约1.9个百分点的差距是巴西历史上最小的第一轮票差。该报还报道,卢拉的得票比2022年第一轮少了约340万张12。两个公布的差距略有出入:47.03减45.16等于1.87。可能的原因是四舍五入或基数不同,但消息来源并未说明。
第一轮共有创纪录的1.193亿张有效票,比2022年多约107万张11。弗拉维奥在15个州获得最多选票,卢拉在12个联邦单位获得最多选票13。我们无法确定投票率或弃权率。国会选举结果也不在我们掌握的证据之内。
决选的算术
弗拉维奥和卢拉合计约占有效票的92.2%。其他候选人分得约7.8%,这与分析人士克林顿·波尔蒂乌斯在澳大利亚广播公司所说的“约8%”相符4。临时统计显示,奥古斯托·库里得票2.89%,雷南·桑托斯2.24%,罗纳尔多·凯亚多2.19%7。弗拉维奥还需约三个百分点的有效票才能达到50%。卢拉则需近五个百分点。
这一算术是弗拉维奥占优的最有力论据,而这一论据的局限也值得明确指出。波尔蒂乌斯是这一点上唯一的消息来源,他预计这8%中偏右翼的选票大多将转向弗拉维奥4。这是预测,而非结果。《环球报》报道称,弗拉维奥正在拉拢落败的候选人,指望圣保罗州州长塔尔西西奥·德·弗雷塔斯,并计划在东北部加大力度对抗卢拉25。截至10月5日,我们未发现任何落败候选人的正式表态支持。我们也未发现任何决选民调,而第一轮之前的民调刚刚被证明不可靠。
即便如此,第一轮的数字对在任者仍不乐观。卢拉的得票减少了约340万张,而有效票总量却在增加。一位原本预期在第一轮直接获胜却排名第二的总统,如今必须说服选民,而不能只守住基本盘。无论是消息来源还是数字,都没有说明哪些人没有投票或改投他人。
选票上有什么
弗拉维奥已承诺赦免其父亲,后者因策划政变正在服27年刑期。英国广播公司的伊昂·威尔斯还报道称,他承诺与美国加强关系,并可能加入由美国主导的“美洲之盾”反毒品联盟。她对第二点的表述不那么确定1。波尔蒂乌斯表示,唐纳德·特朗普对弗拉维奥的支持不如在哥伦比亚或阿根廷那样公开,而卢拉则采取了反美立场4。赦免承诺使这场决选在一定程度上成为对一名被定罪的政变首脑是否获释的公投。
有一处细节需要说明。我们7月的报道称雅伊尔·博尔索纳罗的刑罚为软禁,而目前的报道称他被关押。我们尚未核实其羁押方式。他在羁押中一直支持其儿子4。
波尔蒂乌斯点出的议题包括犯罪与治安(含杀害女性案件),以及经济疲软、利率高于13%4。这些都是挑战者可以用来向在任者施压的问题。
英国广播公司还指出,巴西的电子投票系统是安全的,但对其的质疑有所增加。弗拉维奥和雅伊尔·博尔索纳罗曾声称存在问题,但未提供具体证据1。对于刚刚赢得一轮的人来说,舞弊指控是一件尴尬的武器。若决选差距收窄,两人是否会提出这类指控,仍是未知数。
市场怎么看
投资者将结果解读为对弗拉维奥有利。路透社和彭博社预计巴西市场周一将上涨,理由是对财政改革和降息的期待2218。我们找到的唯一确切的波动来自境外:一只在东京上市的巴西主题ETF在早盘上涨7.6%19。我们找到的Ibovespa指数和雷亚尔报价,约为192,115点和5.22,看起来是投票前的水平,而非市场的反应16。彭博经济研究估计,弗拉维奥获胜可能使10年期国债收益率下降70个基点,并使雷亚尔升值近3%3。这只是一种情景,而非结果。
已知
未知
- 落败候选人所得的约8%选票是否会流向弗拉维奥,以及是否会有表态支持随之而来。
- 投票率、弃权情况、国会选举结果,以及周一Ibovespa指数和雷亚尔的实际收盘情况。
- 弗拉维奥或雅伊尔·博尔索纳罗是否会提出舞弊指控,以及雅伊尔是在监狱还是软禁中。
后续
- 首次决选民调,这将是检验第一轮失准是否属个别偏差的第一次考验。
- 凯亚多、库里、桑托斯和塔尔西西奥的表态支持,以及卢拉对不足两个百分点差距的回应。
播出原貌 13 行
- A first-time candidate just beat Brazil's president in round one, by under two points.
- He is Flávio Bolsonaro, 45, son of a former president serving 27 years for a coup, and he has pledged amnesty for his father. Neither he nor Lula cleared 50 percent, so the two meet in a runoff.
- The question: can Lula, 80, close the gap, or do the defeated candidates' votes carry Flávio past the line?
- With every ballot counted, Flávio took 47.03 percent of valid votes, about 56.1 million. Lula took 45.16 percent, about 53 million. Everyone else shared roughly 7.8 percent.
- That gap is the smallest in a first round in Brazilian history. The published figures differ slightly, since 47.03 minus 45.16 is 1.87, likely rounding. Early counts made it look wider: at 97 percent counted, it was 47.42 to 44.70. Lula collected about 3.4 million fewer votes than in his 2022 first round, even as valid votes hit a record 119.3 million. Flávio won the most votes in 15 states, Lula in 12 units.
- Lula told supporters in São Paulo he was surprised and had expected to win outright. The result beat most private polls, and a July poll had him ahead of Flávio in a runoff. We reported in August that the two were polling closely.
- The arithmetic runs through those other candidates. Flávio needs about three more points of valid votes to reach 50 percent; Lula needs nearly five. The expectation is that those mostly right-wing votes move to Flávio, but that is a forecast, not a result. Flávio is courting defeated candidates, counting on São Paulo governor Tarcísio de Freitas, and planning a bigger push in the Northeast. No formal endorsement from any defeated candidate had been established by Monday, and no runoff poll has surfaced.
- The amnesty pledge makes this runoff partly a vote on whether a convicted coup leader walks free. Reports differ on whether Jair Bolsonaro is jailed or under house arrest; he has backed his son from custody. Flávio has also pledged closer ties with the United States and would likely join the US-led Shield of the Americas anti-narco coalition, though that assessment is less firmly sourced. Donald Trump's backing of Flávio is less overt than in Colombia or Argentina, while Lula has taken an anti-US line.
- At home, the top concerns are crime and security, including femicide, and a weak economy with interest rates above 13 percent. Those are the pressures a challenger has used against an incumbent of 80.
- Brazil's electronic voting system is secure, but doubts about it have grown. Flávio and Jair Bolsonaro have alleged problems without concrete evidence. Whether either presses fraud claims after a first round Flávio won is open, and a closer runoff would raise the stakes of any such claim.
- Investors read the result as favorable to Flávio. Brazilian markets were expected to jump on Monday on hopes for fiscal reform and lower interest rates, and a Brazil-focused ETF in Tokyo rose 7.6 percent in early trading. The actual moves in the Ibovespa and the real are not yet established. One estimate says a Flávio win could cut ten-year yields by 70 basis points and lift the real almost 3 percent. That is a scenario, not an outcome, and it shows what capital wants, not what the public needs.
- So can Lula close the gap? That is unknown. No runoff poll exists yet, no defeated candidate has formally endorsed Flávio, and turnout and congressional results are not established.
- What is known: Flávio needs about three points, Lula nearly five, and on October 25 Jair Bolsonaro's amnesty, US alignment, crime and a 13 percent interest-rate economy are all on the ballot.
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