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能源 · 俄罗斯柴油持续报道 · 第 5 篇,共 5 篇

俄罗斯柴油油轮改变航向,特朗普的交付承诺仍未得到证实

新泽西州威胁处罚经手俄罗斯燃料者之际,两艘油轮改变了其申报的美国航运计划。财政部称其许可合法,但尚未确认有货物完成对美交付。

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译自英文原文。

自上次报道以来的变化

19 天后

当时

特朗普暂停大部分对俄新制裁,承诺的柴油减负尚未得到证实

我们当时说尚无定论的问题

  1. 尚无证据证实已完成交付、消费者持续节省开支、情报暂停已付诸实施,或双方达成了对等能源停火。

    尚无定论

    最新报道尚未证实货物已完成对美交付,也未证实消费者能够持续节省开支。报道也未证实情报暂停已付诸实施,或双方达成了对等能源停火。⁠1

  2. 10月12日是下一个有明确日期的检验节点:欧洲是否会采纳拟议制裁,以及华盛顿是否会落实、修改或放弃其据报提出的情报条件。

    尚无定论

    我们早前报道中提到的10月12日节点已经过去,但本次更新可获得的证据并未确定欧洲拟议制裁的结果,也未确定华盛顿据报提出的情报条件的结果。

现在

新泽西州威胁处罚经手俄罗斯燃料者之际,两艘油轮改变了其申报的美国航运计划。财政部称其许可合法,但尚未确认有货物完成对美交付。

10月18日,HeyDay News报道称,特朗普总统承诺的俄罗斯柴油救济尚未通过完成交付得到证实。最新航运报告仍未填补这一核心空白:截至11月5日,两艘油轮已改变航向,离开其申报的美国目的地;第三艘则将纽约改为含糊的指示“按指令行事”。最新进展是已公布航运计划的退却——这并不能证明安排已经取消,但迄今也没有证据表明燃料已抵达美国客户手中。⁠1

如今,不确定性已不仅关乎航行。新泽西州州长米基·谢里尔警告港口和码头运营商拒收俄罗斯燃料,并威胁对经手该燃料者施加处罚;与此同时,财政部为其授权进行辩护。对于正在决定是否接收货物的企业来说,联邦许可与州政府威胁执法的组合令人进退两难。法院尚未裁定任何一方的法律立场。⁠1

特朗普于10月9日与俄罗斯总统弗拉基米尔·普京宣布这项安排,称超过300,000公吨柴油将立即供应美国和全球市场,之后还会有更多大批货物运抵。当时,伊朗战争期间美国柴油价格创下历史新高。近一个月后,公开证实的结果仍远小于承诺:船只申报目的地不断变化,商业条款未予披露,也没有得到确认的美国交付。⁠1

申报目的地不等于完成交付

两艘具名油轮Talisman和Leruo于10月从俄罗斯波罗的海港口普里莫尔斯克出发。《独立报》11月5日援引Kpler和MarineTraffic报道称,两艘船最初申报的目的地都是美国东海岸,之后均已改变航向。一艘正驶往巴西,另一艘驶入地中海。《独立报》另一篇援引《金融时报》的报道也指出,两艘船都放弃了最初申报的美国目的地。⁠1⁠2

此处无法可靠确认哪艘船改走了哪条后续航线。《独立报》的完整报道并未将船名与巴西和地中海航线一一对应;Meduza 11月5日的报道则称Leruo驶往巴西。可以有把握地认定的是,两艘船都改变了驶往美国的计划,而不是确定每艘船的具体航程或最终卸货港。报道称,Leruo由香港企业拥有、悬挂塞拉利昂国旗——这是同一艘船的不同属性,并非身份相互矛盾。⁠1⁠15

此前的申报显示,这些计划是多么临时。Vesseltracker于10月23日报道,装载了在普里莫尔斯克装船的柴油的Leruo,已将预定目的地从巴西伊塔基改为“按指令驶往大西洋沿岸”。Windward于11月3日报道,Talisman的目的地已改为以“按指令行事”开头的措辞。这些是报道日期,并非对相关目的地修改实际时间戳的独立核实。⁠18⁠13

第三艘船当时仍在北大西洋驶往美国途中,却将纽约改为“按指令行事”,因此卸货地点仍未确定。这一措辞不能证明航程已取消,但确实撤回了具体点名目的地的信息。⁠1

船舶自动识别系统中的申报信息用于说明预定目的地,但不能证明买家已接受货物、码头将予以卸载,或进口已经完成。即使确认船舶抵达港口,也不能单凭这一点证明货物已卸载。因此,迄今报道的航行情况说明的是供应计划存在不确定性,而不是货物已交付。

获准与执法威胁相遇

谢里尔11月2日的警告使这种商业不确定性更加凸显。她建议新泽西州港口和码头运营商拒收俄罗斯燃料,并称政府无权推翻国会在2022年乌克兰遭入侵后颁布的俄罗斯能源进口禁令。她办公室发布的公告警告称,违者将面临严重的民事和刑事后果。⁠1⁠3

《独立报》援引她的信函称:“任何试图从俄罗斯燃料非法贸易中获利的行为,都将受到严厉处罚。”NJ.com报道称,卸载该燃料“可能会使企业和个人面临严厉处罚,包括民事和刑事处罚”,并称她承诺将动用“所有可用的法律和监管手段”。这些说法表达的是法律风险和执法意图,并非认定任何具名运营商已经违法。本报道无法获得完整信函。⁠1⁠5

一个跨党派参议员团体也敦促特朗普撤销这项安排,称美国“不应向普京提供财务生命线”。议员们警告银行、港口管理机构和燃料分销商,它们可能承担责任,并可能面临国会未来的调查。即使没有法院命令,这类威胁也可能使货物更难获得融资或卸载。但这些威胁并不能说明两艘油轮为何改变航向。⁠1

由于监管和制裁方面的顾虑,我们可能不会看到这批货物在美国大西洋沿岸卸载。

马特·史密斯,Kpler分析师 1

财政部使用的文件是外国资产控制办公室第135号通用许可证,日期为2026年10月9日,授权与俄罗斯原产柴油的销售、交付、卸载和进口有关的交易。其可查阅的开篇内容涵盖两项涉俄制裁法规下原本禁止的交易,但附有例外情形。由于无法核实完整条件和排除条款,因此不能负责任地将其视为涉及这些货物的所有交易均可一概获准。⁠4

这一差别对船只也很重要。报道称,Talisman和Leruo受到西方措施制裁,但此处未能确认权威的逐船清单。临时交易授权并不等同于将船只从制裁名单中移除;现有证据无法证明两艘船都被美国具体列为封锁对象,也无法证明涉及其中任何一艘的所有交易都获准。⁠15⁠4

11月5日,财政部表示,其豁免“符合所有适用法律”,并将4月7日列为截止日期。主要报道未说明年份。补充报道指出日期为2027年4月7日,但该年份、确切截止时间以及授权的完整有效期,尚未对照完整的有效许可证核实。现有报道中没有法院裁决解决这场争议:谢里尔的反对不等于司法禁令,财政部的辩护也不等于司法批准。⁠1⁠7

商业验证仍未完成

俄罗斯官员否认这些船运已告失败。克里姆林宫发言人德米特里·佩斯科夫称,商业细节尚未公开,但“所有柴油都会找到买家”。普京特使基里尔·德米特里耶夫驳斥了改道说法:“假消息。驶往美国的油轮仍按原航线行驶。”两人的说法都未指出任何已经完成的对美交付。⁠1

白宫和克里姆林宫均未披露价格、付款条款或参与公司,也未说明是否签订了书面协议。Kpler分析师马特·史密斯称,目前尚不清楚这些货物是否有美国买家。一名未具名的政府官员坚称,增加俄罗斯柴油供应将缓解价格压力,但未说明是否有任何柴油会直接运抵美国。⁠1

柴油成本的影响远不止加油站:卡车司机和农民都要用柴油生产和运输商品。但这些航线报告并未显示安排带来了可量化的消费者节省。实际检验仍在于是否有可明确识别的货物、确定的买家、合法的卸载安排以及经核实的卸货记录。在此之前,政府拥有其声称有效的许可,也有其声称将发挥作用的供应,但没有已得到证实的美国交付。⁠1

时间线

第 32 天 · 5 篇报道

事件时间线
  1. 特朗普签署范围更广的制裁豁免。格雷戈里·W·米克斯提出旨在阻止柴油交易的法案。

  2. 原定制裁生效日到来,大部分新措施仍被暂缓。

  3. 16天后

播出原貌
  1. Two tankers carrying Russian diesel turned away from their declared American destinations, leaving deliveries uncertain. Port operators face threatened penalties even though Washington has authorized the fuel. Can these shipments reach American buyers while state and federal officials clash over their legality?
  2. On October 18, we reported that the promised diesel relief hadn't been demonstrated through a completed delivery. Now two tankers have changed course, and a third has left its unloading destination open. An American delivery still hasn't been confirmed.
  3. The two named tankers are Talisman and Leruo. Both departed Primorsk, Russia's Baltic Sea port, in October. Leruo is Hong Kong-owned and sails under Sierra Leone's flag.
  4. One tanker headed toward Brazil, and the other entered the Mediterranean. Which named ship took which route is unclear. Both had moved away from their declared U.S. East Coast destinations by November 5. Their final unloading ports remain unsettled.
  5. President Donald Trump announced the arrangement with Russian President Vladimir Putin on October 9. He said more than 300,000 metric tons of diesel would become immediately available to American and global markets, with larger shipments following. The promise came as U.S. diesel prices reached record highs during the war with Iran.
  6. Two tankers, Talisman and Leruo, have changed their American plans. Both are described as sanctioned under Western measures. Their destination changes leave the proposed supply dependent on where the cargoes actually unload and who agrees to take them.
  7. A third vessel was still in the North Atlantic, heading toward the United States. But it replaced New York with “for orders,” leaving its unloading point open. A ship's destination field communicates its intended destination. A completed import requires the cargo to be discharged and accepted, even after a vessel reaches port.
  8. Leruo had earlier switched its declared destination from Itaqui, Brazil, to “Atlantic Coast for orders.” It was carrying gasoil loaded at Primorsk. Talisman also changed its destination to wording beginning “For Order.” Both ships' declarations have shifted during this proposed supply arrangement.
  9. New Jersey's governor has told port and terminal operators to reject Russian fuel. Mikie Sherrill argues that the administration can't override the Russian energy import ban Congress enacted in 2022 after the invasion of Ukraine. She has pledged to use the state's legal and regulatory powers to keep the fuel out of its facilities.
  10. Sherrill warned that unloading Russian fuel would likely expose businesses and individuals to harsh civil and criminal penalties. Her letter promised “every available legal and regulatory tool.” Operators now face a state enforcement threat while the federal government defends its permission.
  11. A bipartisan group of senators also wants Trump to reverse the arrangement. They say America “should not provide Putin with a financial lifeline.” Lawmakers have warned banks, port authorities and fuel distributors about possible liability and future congressional investigations. Those threats can discourage companies from handling cargo, although nobody has shown that they caused either tanker to divert.
  12. Treasury issued its diesel authorization on October 9 through its sanctions office. The license covers certain otherwise prohibited transactions involving the sale, delivery, unloading and importation of Russian diesel. It contains exceptions, so companies still have to consider the conditions governing their transactions.
  13. Treasury says the exemption complies with all applicable laws. It gives April 7 as the endpoint, reportedly in 2027. No court has ruled on the dispute. Port operators therefore face competing state and federal legal positions as they decide whether to handle these cargoes.
  14. Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov says commercial shipment details are unavailable, but “all the diesel will find its buyers.” Russian presidential envoy Kirill Dmitriev rejected the diversion claim outright. He said, “Fake. Tankers destined for the US continue on course.”
  15. The White House and Kremlin haven't disclosed the price, payment terms or participating companies, or said whether they signed a written agreement. American buyers remain unclear. An administration official says more shipments will ease price pressure. Diesel costs reach truckers, farmers and consumers through production and transport. No measured consumer saving or completed American delivery has been demonstrated.

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